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Trace Elemen. Con.en.ration. in.Some Tradition.l Diets Con.umed in.Selected Parts of Eastern.Provin.e of Ken.a

Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2012年第7期3卷 617-623页

作者： David M. Main. Lydia W. n.en.a John.M. On.ari benjamin n. kyalo Departmen. of Chemistry School of Physical Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya In.titute of n.clear Scien.e an. Techn.logy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Dietary quality is vital in.main.ain.n. soun. n.trition.l status. The ecological con.ition. thus in.luen.e the type of diets an. their n.trition.l quality. The purpose of this study was to determin. the trace elemen./min.ral con.en. of some of the common.y con.umed diets in.Machakos, Kitui, Makuen. an. Mwin.i districts. Decorticated maize, bean. an. fin.er millet flour samples were purchased from the local markets. For each category, a total of ten.samples were collected from each district. The samples were put in.plastic bags, sealed an. tran.ported to the laboratory in.the In.titute of n.clear Scien.e & Techn.logy, Un.versity of n.irobi for preparation.an. an.lysis. The cookin. of the samples was carried out accordin. to local tradition.l methods. In.the decorticated samples, mean.copper con.en.ration. were observed to be below 20 μg·g-1;mean.zin. con.en.ration. ran.ed from 34 to 63 μg·g-1 an. mean.man.an.se con.en.ration. were in.a similar ran.e of 34 to 78 μg·g-1. The mean.iron.con.en.ration. were sign.fican.ly high with a ran.e of 161 μg·g-1 to 287 μg·g-1. A similar tren. was observed in.the bean. where the mean.copper con.en.ration. varied from 11 to 33 μg·g-1, mean.zin. con.en.ration. ran.ed from a low value of 24 μg·g-1 to a high value of 35 μg·g-1, mean.man.an.se con.en.ration. varied from 33 μg·g-1 to 98 μg·g-1 an. the mean.iron.con.en.ration. ran.ed from 227 μg·g-1 to 647 μg·g-1. The cooked Muthokoi samples from Machakos district had relatively high mean.trace elemen. con.en.ration.: man.an.se—109 μg·g-1;iron.280 μg·g-1;copper—19 μg·g-1;an. zin.—41 μg·g-1. The on.y exception.was mean.iron.con.en.ration. which were extremely high in.samples from Mwin.i District where the con.en.ration. varied from 73 μg·g-1 to 1597 μg·g-1. In.fin.er millet flour, the mean.man.an.se con.en.ration. varied from 95 to 290 μg·g-1, whereas the mean.iron.con.en.ration. ran.ed from 127 μg·g-1 to 259 μg·g-1. In.con.rast, the mean.copper an. zin. con.en.ration. were low in.compariso

关键词： Trace Elemen.s Diets Semi-Arid Ken.a

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Cen.ral mon.amin.rgic systems are a site of con.ergen.e of sign.ls con.eyin. the experien.e of exercise to brain.circuits in.olved in.cogn.tion.an. emotion.l behavior

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Curren. Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 293-306页

作者： Ton. M. n.CASTRO benjamin n. GREEn.OOD Departmen. of Psychology University of Colorado Denver CO 80217-3364 USA

Physical activity can.en.an.e cogn.tive fun.tion.an. in.rease resistan.e again.t deleterious effects of stress on.men.al health. En.an.ed cogn.tive fun.tion.an. stress resistan.e produced by exercise are con.erved amon. vertebrates, suggestin. that ubiquitous mechan.sms may un.erlie ben.ficial ef- fects of exercise. In.the curren. review, we summarize the ben.ficial effects of exercise on.cogn.tive fun.tion.an. stress resistan.e an. discuss cen.ral an. peripheral sign.lin. factors that may be critical for con.errin. the effects of physical activity to brain.circuits in.olved in.cogn.tive fun.tion.an. stress. Addition.lly, it is suggested that n.repin.phrin. an. seroton.n. highly con.erved mon.amin.s that are sen.itive to exercise an. able to modulate behavior in.multiple species, could represen. a con.er- gen.e between.peripheral an. cen.ral exercise sign.ls that mediate the ben.ficial effects of exercise. Fin.lly, we offer the n.vel hypothesis that thermoregulation.durin. exercise could con.ribute to the emotion.l effects of exercise by activatin. a subset of temperature-sen.itive seroton.rgic n.uron. in.the dorsal raphe n.cleus that con.ey an.iolytic an. stress-protective sign.ls to forebrain.region.. Throughout the review, we discuss limitation. to curren. approaches an. offer strategies for future re- search in.exercise n.uroscien.e.

关键词： an.iety n.repin.phrin. physical activity seroton.n wheel run.in..

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Taxon.mic con.usion.of two tramp an. species： Iridomyrmex an.eps an. Ochetellus glaber are really species complexes

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Curren. Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 662-667页

作者： benjamin D. HOFFMAn. Alan.n. An.ERSEn.Xian. ZHAn. CSIRO Ecosystem Scien.es Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre PMB 44 Winnellie NT 0822 Australia College of Plan. Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China

Man. in.asive in.ertebrates belon. to un.esolved species complexes, an. have a history of misiden.ification.an. in.appropriate man.gemen.. Here we detail con.usion.surroun.in. the taxon.my an. iden.ification.of two dolichoderin. an. species, Iridomyrmex an.eps Roger an. OcheteUus glaber Mayr, which are common.y cited in.the literature as havin. been.spread widely by human.commerce. We provide morphometric data an. images stron.ly suggestin. that these two ＂species＂ are in.tead com- plexes of species that are likely n.tive to man. region. where they are purportedly in.roduced. We take particular in.erest in.the status of species referred to as L an.eps an. O. glaber in.Chin., as this is the most n.rtherly distribution.of both gen.ra. We con.clude by suggestin. that man. iden.ification. of both species are likely to be un.eliable, an. we recommen. again.t an. man.ge- men. action.aimed at con.rollin. these species un.er the assumption.that they are exotic [Curren. Zoology 57 （5）： 662-667, 2011].

关键词： An. Exotic In.asive In.ertebrate Man.gemen. Tramp an.

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Diversity an. biogeography of a species-rich an. faun. of the Australian.season.l tropics

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In.ect Scien.e 2018年第3期25卷 519-526页

作者： Alan.n. An.ersen.benjamin D. Hoffman. Stefan.e Oberprieler CSIRO Lan. & Water Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre Darwin Austrafia Research In.titute forthe En.iron.en. an. Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Australia Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although an.s are an.ecologically domin.n. an. exten.ively studied faun.l group throughout the tropics, there is a poor un.erstan.in. of tropical an. diversity an. distribution.at large spatial scales. Here we use a collection.developed from 3 decades of an. surveys to presen. the first an.lysis of an. diversity an. biogeography of a large tropical region. Our objective was to documen. the species richn.ss, composition. an. biogeographic distribution. of the an. faun. of the 400 000 km^2 ＂Top En.＂ of Australia＇s n.rthern.Territory. The kn.wn.Top En. an. faun. comprises 901 n.tive species from 59 gen.ra. The richest gen.ra are Pheidole （90 species）, Melophorus （83）, Mon.morium （83）, Campon.tus （71）, Meran.plus （63）, Polyrhachis （57）, Rhytidopon.ra （50）, Tetramorium （43）, Cerapachys （32）, an. Iridomyrmex （31）. The faun. is the cen.er of diverse radiation. within.species-groups of gen.ra such as Meran.plus, Rhytidopon.ra, an. Leptogen.s. It also in.ludes In.oMalayan.species that have likely bypassed the n.rmal dispersal route in.o Australia through Cape York Pen.n.ula in.n.rth Queen.lan.. Faun.stic similarity with other region. of far n.rthern.Australia is associated more with rain.all than.with geographic proximity. Most （60%） of Top En. an. species have n.t been.recorded elsewhere, an., despite un.ertain.ies relatin. to species delimitation.an. samplin. in.en.ity, this appears to be a credible estimate of the level of en.emism. Such exception.lly high en.emism can.be attributed to the Top En.＇s geographic isolation.from other region. of n.rthern.Australia with comparably high rain.all.

关键词： en.emism n.rthern.Australia n.rthern.Territory species distribution tropical savan.a

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Implemen.ation.of In.errogation.Systems for Fiber Bragg Gratin. Sen.ors

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Photon.c Sen.ors 2013年第3期3卷 283-288页

作者： benjamin VARGHESE P. Din.sh KUMAR R. Mittu RAJU K. n. MADHUSOODAn.n Departmen. of In.trumen.ation Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin lndia

The developmen. of two simple methods for wavelen.th-optical in.en.ity modulation.techn.ques for fiber Bragg gratin. （FBG） sen.ors is presen.ed. The performan.e is evaluated by measurin. the strain.an. temperature. The first method con.ists of a n.rrow ban. source, an.optical circulator, an.FBG; an. a power meter. The source an. Bragg reflected sign.l from the FBG n.ed to be matched to get lin.ar results with good power levels. The source spectral power levels are very critical in.this study. The power reflected from a matched referen.e FBG is fed in.o the measurin. FBG in.the secon. method. Sin.e the FBGs are matched, the en.ire power is reflected back in.tially. Durin. the measuremen., the chan.e in.the measuran. causes the reflected power from the sen.in. FBG to vary. A costly high resolution.spectrum an.lyzer is required on.y durin. the characterization.of the FBG an. source. The performan.es of two in.errogators are compared by measurin. the strain.an. temperature. In.the secon. method, the strain.measuremen.s can.be made in.en.itive to the temperature variation.by selectin. a source with a flat spectrum at the measuremen. ran.e. Highlights of these methods are the portability, cost effectiven.ss an. better resolution.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratin. in.errogator reflected power strain.an. temperature measuremen.

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Cluster An.lysis for IR an. n.R Spectroscopy: Curren. Practices to Future Perspectives

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Computers, Materials & Con.in.a 2021年第11期69卷 1945-1965页

作者： Simon.Crase benjamin Hall Suresh n.Then.adil College of En.in.erin. IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0810Australia Defen.e Scien.e an. Techn.logy Group Edinburgh5111Australia En.rgy an. Resources In.titute Charles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0810Australia

Supervised machin. learn.n. techn.ques have become well established in.the study of spectroscopy ***,the un.upervised learn.n. techn.que of cluster an.lysis hasn.t reached the same level maturity in.chemometric *** paper surveys recen. studies which apply cluster an.lysis to n.R an. IR spectroscopy *** addition.we summarize the curren. practices in.cluster an.lysis of spectroscopy an. con.rast these with cluster an.lysis literature from the machin. learn.n. an. pattern.recogn.tion.*** in.ludes practices in.data pre-processin.,feature extraction.clusterin. distan.e metrics,clusterin. algorithms an. validation.*** con.ideration.is given.to the specific characteristics of IR an. n.R spectroscopy data which typically in.ludes high dimen.ion.lity an. relatively low sample *** fin.in.s highlighted a lack of quan.itative an.lysis an. evaluation.in.curren. practices for cluster an.lysis of IR an. n.R spectroscopy *** this in.min.,we propose an.an.lysis model or workflow with techn.ques specifically suited for cluster an.lysis of IR an. n.R spectroscopy data alon. with a pragmatic application.strategy.

关键词： Chemometrics cluster an.lysis Fourier tran.form in.rared spectroscopy machin. learn.n. n.ar in.rared spectroscopy un.upervised learn.n.

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Feature Selection.for Cluster An.lysis in.Spectroscopy

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Computers, Materials & Con.in.a 2022年第5期71卷 2435-2458页

作者： Simon.Crase benjamin Hall Suresh n.Then.adil College of En.in.erin. IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia Defen.e Scien.e an. Techn.logy Group Edinburgh5111Australia En.rgy an. Resources In.titute Charles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia

Cluster an.lysis in.spectroscopy presen.s some un.que challen.es due to the specific data characteristics in.spectroscopy,n.mely,high dimen.ion.lity an. small sample *** order to improve cluster an.lysis outcomes,feature selection.can.be used to remove redun.an. or irrelevan. features an. reduce the ***,for cluster an.lysis,this must be don. in.an.un.upervised man.er without the ben.fit of data *** paper presen.s a n.vel feature selection.approach for cluster an.lysis,utilizin. clusterability metrics to remove features that least con.ribute to a dataset’s ten.en.y to *** version. are presen.ed an. evaluated:The Hopkin. clusterability filter which utilizes the Hopkin. test for spatial ran.omn.ss an. the Dip clusterability filter which utilizes the Dip test for *** n.w techn.ques,alon. with a ran.e of existin. filter an. wrapper feature selection.techn.ques were evaluated on.eleven.real-world spectroscopy datasets usin. in.ern.l an. extern.l clusterin. *** n.wly proposed Hopkin. clusterability filter performed the best of the six filter techn.ques ***,it was observed that results varied greatly for differen. techn.ques depen.in. on.the specifics of the dataset an. the n.mber of features selected,with sign.fican. in.tability observed for most techn.ques at low n.mbers of *** was iden.ified that the gen.tic algorithm wrapper techn.que avoided this in.tability,performed con.isten.ly across all datasets an. resulted in.better results on.average than.utilizin. the all the features in.the spectra.

关键词： Cluster an.lysis spectroscopy un.upervised learn.n. feature selection waven.mber selection

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Therapeutic role of psilocybin.an. 3,4-methylen.dioxymethamphetamin. in.trauma:A literature review

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World Journ.l of Psychiatry 2023年第5期13卷 182-190页

作者： Lakshan.n.Fon.eka benjamin KP Woo Harvard South Shore-Psychiatry Residen.y Program Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBrocktonMA 02301United States Chin.se American.Health Promotion.Laboratory University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Departmen. of Psychiatry an. Biobehavioral Scien.es Olive View-University of CaliforniaLos Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States Asian.American.Studies Cen.er University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Podiatric Medicin. an. Surgery Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States

With the Food an. Drug Admin.stration.design.tion.in.2017 of 3,4-methylen.dioxymethamphetamin.(MDMA)as a breakthrough therapy in.post-traumatic stress disorder an. psilocybin.in.treatmen.-resistan. depression.psychedelic drugs have con.in.ed to garn.r the atten.ion.of researchers an. clin.cian. for their promise of un.atched,rapid improvemen. in.a multitude of psychiatric *** psychedelic drugs in.ludin. psilocybin.lysergic acid diethylamide,an. ayahuasca,as well as n.n.classic drugs such as MDMA an. ketamin.,are curren.ly bein. in.estigated for a poten.ial therapeutic role in.trauma,depressive disorders,an. other ***,psilocybin.an. MDMA each have a fun.tion.l profile well-suited for in.egration.with *** presen. review focuses on.psilocybin.an. MDMA in.psychedelic-assisted therapy(PAT),as these studies compose most of the literature *** this review,we discuss the curren. an. future uses of psychedelic drugs,with an.emphasis on.the role of MDMA an. psilocybin.in.PAT in.the settin. of trauma an. related comorbidities on.the efficacy of psychedelic drugs across multiple psychiatric *** article con.ludes with thoughts for future research,such as in.orporatin. wearables an. stan.ardization.of symptom scales,therapy styles,an. assessmen. of adverse drug reaction..

关键词： drugs trauma MDMA

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In.orporation.of Biochar Carbon.in.o Stable Soil Aggregates:The Role of Clay Min.ralogy an. Other Soil Characteristics

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Pedosphere 2017年第4期27卷 694-704页

作者： Charlen. n. KELLY Joseph benjamin Fran.isco C. CALDEROn.Maysoon.M. MIKHA David W. RUTHERFORD Colleen.E. ROSTAD West Virgin.a Un.versity Division of Forestry and Natural Resources337 Percival HallMorgantownWV 26506USA USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station40335 County RoadGGAkronCO 80720USA U.S.Geological Survey MS 408PO Box 25046Building 95Denver Federal CenterDenverCO 80225USA

Aggregation.an. structure play key roles in.water-holdin. capacity an. stability of *** this study,the in.orporation.of carbon.C) from switchgrass biochar in.o stable aggregate size fraction. was assessed in.an.Aridisol(from Colorado,USA) domin.ted by 2:1 clays an. an.Alfisol(from Virgin.a,USA) con.ain.n. weathered mixed 1:1 an. 2:1 min.ralogy,to evaluate the effect of biochar addition.on.soil *** biochar was applied at 4 levels,0,25,50,an. 100 g kg^(-1),to the soils grown.with wheat in.a growth chamber *** chan.es in.soil stren.th an. water-holdin. capacity usin. water release curves were *** the Colorado soil,the proportion.of soil occurrin. in.large aggregates decreased,with con.omitan. in.reases in.small size *** chan.es in.aggregate size fraction. occurred in.the Virgin.a *** the Colorado soil,C con.en. in.reased from 3.3 to 16.8 g kg^(-1),whereas in.then.C con.en. in.reased from 5.7 to 22.6 g kg^(-1) with 100 g kg^(-1)biochar *** the Virgin.a soil,C con.en. within.aggregate size fraction. in.reased for each size fraction.except the>2 000 μm *** greatest in.rease(from 6.2 to 22.0 g kg^(-1)) occurred in.the 53–250 μm *** results in.icated that C was in.orporated in.o larger aggregates in.the Virgin.a soil,but remain.d largely un.ssociated to soil particles in.the Colorado *** addition.had n. sign.fican. effect on.water-holdin. capacity or stren.th *** biochar to more weathered soils with high n.tive soil organ.c con.en. may result in.greater stabilization.of in.orporated C an. result in.less loss because of erosion.an. tran.port,compared with the soils domin.ted by 2:1 clays an. low n.tive soil organ.c con.en..

关键词： aggregate size fraction., aggregate stability, min.ralogy, soil stren.th, water-holdin. capacity, weathered soil

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Social media an. schizophren.a:An.update on.clin.cal application.

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World Journ.l of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 897-903页

作者： Lakshan.n.Fon.eka benjamin K P Woo Harvard South Shore–Psychiatry Residen.y Program Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBrocktonMA 02301United States Chin.se American.Health Promotion.Program Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesOlive View-University of CaliforniaLos Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCA 91104United States

Social media has redesign.d the lan.scape of human.in.eraction.an. data obtain.d through these platforms are promisin. for schizophren.a diagn.sis an. *** research shows moun.in. eviden.e that machin. learn.n. an.lysis of social media con.en. is capable of n.t on.y differen.iatin. schizophren.a patien.s from healthy con.rols,but also predictin. con.ersion.to psychosis an. symptom *** platforms such as Horyzon. show promise for improvin. social fun.tion.n. an. providin. timely access to therapeutic *** media is also a con.iderable mean. to assess an. lessen.the stigma surroun.in. ***,the relevan. literature pertain.n. to social media an. its clin.cal application. in.schizophren.a over the past five years are summarized,followed by a discussion.cen.ered on.user feedback to highlight future *** media provides valuable con.ribution. to a multifaceted digital phen.type that may improve schizophren.a care in.the n.ar future.

关键词： Social media Schizophren.a Digital phen.type Facebook YouTube In.tagram

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