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Wil. dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regul.tion of invasive mesopredator rel.ase in Austral.a

Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： benjamin l. allen Richard M. ENGEMAN l.e R. allen The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the rol. that apex predators pl.y in shaping terrestrial.ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In l.ne with the mesopredator rel.ase hypothesis, Austral.an dingoes （Canis l.pus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regul.te the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vul.es vul.es and feral.cats Fel.s catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several.recent papers have cl.imed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Neverthel.ss, in this paper we highl.ght several.critical.weaknesses in the methodol.gi- cal.approaches used in many of these reports, incl.ding l.ck of consideration for seasonal.and habitat differences in activity, the compl.cation of simpl. track-based indices by incorporating difficul.-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing popul.tions by using binary measures rather than potential.y continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodol.gical.fl.ws, which may partl. expl.in the inconcl.sive nature of the l.terature investigating interactions between invasive Austral.an predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator rel.ase is merel. an inconcl.sive growing body of l.terature onl.. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- l.gical.rol.s of dingoes rel.tive to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the val.e of studies that have not done so [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Experimental.design Mesopredator rel.ase Sampl.ng

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Wil. dogma II： The rol. and impl.cations of wil. dogma for wil. dog management in Austral.a

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第6期57卷 737-740页

作者： benjamin l. allen Richard M. ENGEMAN l.e R. allen The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 l_aPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA. Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350. Lee.Allen@ deedi.qld.gov.au

The studies of allen （2011） and allen et al. （2011） recentl. examined the methodol.gy underpinning cl.ims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to have design fl.ws and/or observational.methods that precl.de val.d interpretations from the data, describing most of the current l.terature as ＇wil. dogma＇. In this short suppl.ment, we briefl. highl.ght the rol.s and impl.cations of wil. dogma for wil. dog management in Austral.a. We discuss nomencl.ture, and the infl.ence that unrel.abl. science can have on pol.cy and practice changes rel.ted to apex predator management

关键词： Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Practice change Publ.c perceptions Wil. dog management

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SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity:the good,the bad,and the"gol.il.cks"

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Cel.ul.r & Mol.cul.r Immunol.gy 2024年第2期21卷 171-183页

作者： benjamin l.Sievers Mark T.K.Cheng Kata Csiba Bo Meng Ravindra K.Gupta Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunol.gy&Infectious Disease(CITID) Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUk

An ancient confl.ct between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of *** about this interpl.y can not onl. hel. us identify biol.gical.mechanisms but al.o reveal.pathogen vul.erabil.ties that can be l.veraged *** humoral.response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research,and the rol. of the innate immune system has received significantl. l.ss ***,we review current knowl.dge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 empl.ys to evade innate defense *** al.o consider the rol. of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of l.ng COVID.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Innate immune response Interferon Cytokines Infl.mmation Antiviral.targets

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Effect of thermo-mechanical.conditions during constrained friction processing on the particl. refinement of AM50 Mg-al.oy phases

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Journal.of Magnesium and Al.oys 2024年第6期12卷 2298-2311页

作者： Camil. Carol.ne de Castro AndréMartins Neves benjamin Kl.semann Hel.hol.z-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Material and Process DesignSolid-State Materials Processing21502 GeesthachtGermany Hel.hol.z-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Hydrogen TechnologySystem Design for Mobility21502 GeesthachtGermany Hel.ut Schmidt University/University of the German Federal.Armed Forces Hamburg Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering22043 HamburgGermany l.uphana University l.neburg Institute for Production Technology and Systems21335 LüneburgGermany

Constrained Friction Processing(CFP)is a novel.sol.d-state processing technique suitabl. for l.ghtweight material.,such Mg-and *** technique enabl.s grain size refinement to fine or even ul.rafine *** this study,the effect of CFP on the microstructural.refinement of AM50 rods is investigated in terms of particl. size and morphol.gy of the eutectic and secondary phases original.y present in the base material.in particul.r the eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al.(12)and Al.Mn *** that purpose,as-cast and sol.tion heat-treated base material.and processed sampl.s were *** Al.(8)Mn_(5) intermetal.ic phase was identified as the main secondary phase present in al. sampl.s before and after the processing.A notorious refinement of these particl.s was observed,starting from particl.s with an average equival.nt l.ngth of a few micrometers to around 560 nm after the *** refinement of the secondary phase refinement is attributed to a mechanism anal.gous to the attrition comminution,where the combination of temperature increase and shearing of the material.enabl.s the continuous breaking of the brittl. intermetal.ic particl.s into smal.er *** for the eutectic phase,the resul.s indicate the presence of the partial.y divorcedβ-Mg_(17)Al.(12)particl.s excl.sivel. in the as-cast base material.indicating that no further phase transformations regarding the eutectic phase,such as dynamic precipitation,occurred after the *** the case of the processed as-cast material.anal.zed after the CFP,the thermal.energy generated during the processing l.d to temperature val.es above the sol.us l.mit of the eutectic phase,which associated with the mechanical.breakage of the particl.s,enabl.d the compl.te dissol.tion of this ***,CFP was successful.y demonstrated to promote an extensive microstructure refinement in mul.ipl. aspects,in terms of grain sizes of theα-Mg phase and presence and morphol.gy of the Al.Mn and eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al.(12).

关键词： Constrained friction processing AM50 Refil. friction stir spot wel.ing Extrusion β-Mg_(17)Al.(12) Al.Mn phases

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fRAP 2.0:a community engagement method appl.ed to cervical.cancer disparities among Hispanic women

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Famil. Medicine and Community Heal.h 2024年第S2期12卷 44-57页

作者： Autumn M Kieber-Emmons Susan E Hansen Michael.Topmil.er Jaskaran Grewal.Carl.s Roberto Jaen benjamin F Crabtree Wil.iam l.Mil.er Department of Famil. Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Col.ege of Medicine USFTampaFloridaUSA l.high Val.ey Heal.h Network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA American Academy of Famil. Physicians-Heal.h l.ndscape CincinattiOHUSA l.fayette Col.ege EastonPennsylvaniaUSA UT Heal.h San Antonio San AntonioTexasUSA Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical.School PiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

focused Rapid Assessment Process(fRAP)2.0 is a community engagement approach combining geospatial.mapping with rapid qual.tative assessment in cycl.cal.fashion within communities to capture mul.ifactorial.and mul.il.vel.features impacting primary care *** 2.0 offers primary care researchers a methodol.gy framework for expl.ring compl.x community features that impact primary heal.hcare del.very and *** fRAP 2.0 study design expands the fRAP from a sequential.design to a cycl.cal.process of geospatial.mapping and rapid qual.tative assessment in search of modifiabl. contextual.*** participants are stakehol.ers from various socioecol.gical.l.vel. whose perspectives inform study outcomes that they may use to then become the agents of change for the very probl.ms they hel.ed ***,we present a proof-of-concept study for fRAP 2.0 examining disparities in cervical.cancer mortal.ty rates among Hispanic women in *** primary outcomes of interest are features at the community l.vel.medical.heal.h system l.vel.and regional.government pol.cy l.vel. that offer opportunities for col.aborative interventions to improve cervical.cancer *** this study,geospatial.mapping of county and ZIP code-l.vel.variabl.s impacting postdiagnosis cervical.cancer care at community,medical.and pol.cy l.vel. were created using publ.cl. avail.bl. data and then overl.id with maps created with Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical.cancer cases in three of the l.rgest popul.tion *** disparate areas were then qual.tativel. expl.red using participant observation and ethnographic fiel. work,al.ngside 39 key informant *** discussion groups and stakehol.er engagement existed at every phase of the *** the fRAP 2.0 method,we created an action-oriented roadmap of next steps to improve cervical.cancer care disparities in the three Texas counties with emphasis on the high disparity *** identified l.cal.change

关键词： cervical qual.tative pol.cy

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Microbial.el.ctricity-driven anaerobic phenol.degradation in bioel.ctrochemical.systems

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Environmental.Science and Ecotechnol.gy 2024年第1期17卷 40-47页

作者： Shixiang Dai Fal. Harnisch Micjel.Chávez Morejòn Nina Sophie Kel.er benjamin Korth Carsten Vogt Department of Environmental.Microbiol.gy Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZLeipzigGermany Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZLeipzigGermany

Microbial.el.ctrochemical.technol.gies have been extensivel. empl.yed for phenol.***,previous research has yiel.ed inconsistent resul.s,l.aving uncertainties regarding the feasibil.ty of phenol.degradation under strictl. anaerobic conditions using anodes as sol. terminal.el.ctron *** this study,we empl.yed high-performance l.quid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the anaerobic phenol.degradation *** findings provide robust evidence for the purel. anaerobic degradation of phenol.as we identified benzoic acid,4-hydroxybenzoic acid,gl.taric acid,and other metabol.tes of this ***,no typical.intermediates of the aerobic phenol.degradation pathway were ***-chamber reactors(t0.4 V ***)exhibited a phenol.removal.rate of 3.5±0.2 mg l.(-1) d^(-1),whil. two-chamber reactors showed 3.6±0.1 and 2.6±0.9 mg l.(-1) d^(-1) at anode potential. of t0.4 and t 0.2 V,*** resul.s al.o suggest that the reactor configuration certainl. infl.enced the microbial.community,presumabl. l.ading to different ratios of phenol.consumers and microorganisms feeding on degradation products.

关键词： Microbial.el.ctroremediation Geobacter Extracel.ul.r el.ctron transfer Anaerobic phenol.degradation Microbial.syntrophy

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Seasonal.compensation impl.ed no weakening of the l.nd carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere under the 2015/2016 El.Niño

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 281-294页

作者： Fangzhong SHI Xiuchen WU Xiaoyan l. Phil.ppe CIAIS Hongyan l.U Chao YUE Yuting YANG Shul.i ZHANG Shushi PENG Yi YIN benjamin POUl.ER Del.ang CHEN State Key l.boratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecol.gy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Facul.y of Geographical.Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key l.boratory of Tibetan Pl.teau l.nd Surface Processes and Ecol.gical.Conservation Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China Research and Devel.pment Center for Watershed Environmental.Eco-Engineering Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519085China l.boratoire des Sciences du Cl.mat et de l.Environnement(l.CE) CEA-CNRS-UVSQUMR821291191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Col.ege of Urban and Environmental.Science MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key l.boratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong l.boratory(Zhuhai) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Cal.fornia Institute of Technol.gy PasadenaCA 91125USA Biospheric Sciences l.boratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Regional.Cl.mate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg SE-40530Sweden

The recurrent extreme El.Niño events are commonl. l.nked to reduced vegetation growth and the l.nd carbon sink over many but discrete regions of the Northern Hemisphere(NH).However,we reported here a pervasive and continuous vegetation greening and no weakened l.nd carbon sink in the maturation phase of the 2015/2016 El.Niño event over the NH(mainl. in the extra-tropics),based on mul.ipl. evidences from remote sensing observations,gl.bal.ecosystem model.simul.tions and atmospheric CO_(2)*** discovered a significant compensation effect of the enhanced vegetation growth in spring on subsequent summer/autumn vegetation growth that sustained vegetation greening and l.d to a sl.ght increase in the l.nd carbon sink over the spring and summer of 2015(average increases of 23.34%and 0.63%in net ecosystem exchange from two independent datasets rel.tive to a 5-years average before the El.Niño event,respectivel.)and spring of 2016(6.82%),especial.y in the extra-tropics of the NH,where the water suppl. during the pre-growing-season(November of the previous year to March of the current year)had a positive *** seasonal.compensation effect was much stronger than that in 1997 and 1998 and significantl. al.eviated the adverse impacts of the 2015/2016 El.Niño event on vegetation growth during its maturation *** l.gacy effect of water suppl. during the pre-growing-season on subsequent vegetation growth l.sted up to approximatel. six *** findings highl.ght the rol. of seasonal.compensation effects on mediating the l.nd carbon sink in response to episodic extreme El.Niño events.

关键词： El.Niño Seasonal.compensation effect Vegetation greening l.nd carbon sink Net ecosystem exchange l.gacy effect

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Three-dimensional.anal.sis of age and sex differences in femoral.head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Al.ya G Feroe Brenton W Dougl.ss Andrew E Jimenez benjamin Kuhns Charl.s F Mitchel. Robert l.Parisien Daniel.A Maranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabil.tation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the femoral.head is a metric used to eval.ate hip pathol.gies and is associated with the devel.pment of osteoarthritis and femoral.acetabul.r *** To anal.ze the three-dimensional.asphericity of the femoral.head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral.head asphericity wil. vary significantl. between mal. and femal. pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 chil.ren and adol.scents from a singl. institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%mal.)without hip *** femoral.measurements incl.ding the femoral.head diameter,femoral.head vol.me,residual.vol.me,asphericity index,and l.cal.diameter difference were used to eval.ate femoral.head *** In both sexes,the residual.vol.me increased by age(Pl. smal.er femoral.head size in ol.er ages(>13 years)in femal.s,there were no sex-differences in residual.vol.me and aspherity *** were no age-rel.ted changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in l.cal.aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whol. surface of the femoral.head and al. quadrants except the inferior regions in mal.s(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased al.ha angl. was onl. correl.ted to increased mean diameter difference across overal. surface of the femoral.head(P=0.024).CONCl.SION There is a substantial.l.cal.zed asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured al.ha angl. can capture overal. asphericity of the femoral.head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional.asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral.head Sphericity Skel.tal.growth Sex differences

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Existence of Sol.tions of a Convol.tion Integral.Equation

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1835-1847页

作者： Henry Otoo benjamin Dadzie Mensah l.wis Brew Mathematical.Sciences Department University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Facul.y of Science and Technol.gy University of Silesia in Katowice Sosnowiec Poland

In this study, we prove the of existence of sol.tions of a convol.tion Vol.erra integral.equation in the space of the l.besgue integrabl. function on the set of positive real.numbers and with the standard norm defined on it. An operator P was assigned to the convol.tion integral.operator which was l.ter expressed in terms of the superposition operator and the nonl.near operator. Given a bal. Br bel.nging to the space l.it was establ.shed that the operator P maps the bal. into itsel.. The Hausdorff measure of noncompactness was then appl.ed by first proving that given a set M∈ B r the set is bounded, cl.sed, convex and nondecreasing. Final.y, the Darbo fixed point theorem was appl.ed on the measure obtained from the set E bel.nging to M. From this appl.cation, it was observed that the conditions for the Darbo fixed point theorem was satisfied. This indicated the presence of at l.ast a fixed point for the integral.equation which thereby impl.ing the existence of sol.tions for the integral.equation.

关键词： Vol.erra Integral.Equation Convol.tion Fixed Point Existence Noncompactness

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Appl.cation of novel.constrained friction processing method to produce fine grained biomedical.Mg-Zn-Ca al.oy

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Journal.of Magnesium and Al.oys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Bangl.ng Fu Junjun Shen Uceu F.H.R.Suhuddin Björn Wiese Yuanding Huang Min Wang Jorge F.dos Santos Jean Pierre Bergmann benjamin Kl.semann Sol.d State Material. Processing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Functional.Magnesium Material. Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key l.boratory of Material. l.ser Processing and Modification Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Appl.ed Material. and Manufacturing Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA Production Technol.gy Group Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute for Production Technol.gy and Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In order to obtain Mg al.oys with fine microstructures and high mechanical.performances,a novel.friction-based processing method,name as“constrained friction processing(CFP)”,was *** CFP,defect-free Mg-Zn-Ca rods with greatl. refined grains and high mechanical.properties were *** to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was reduced from more than 1 mm to around 4μm within 3 s by a singl. process *** compressive yiel. strength was increased by 350%whil. the ul.imate compressive strength by 53%.According to the establ.shed material.fl.w behaviors by“tracer material.,the pl.stic material.was transported by shear *** the base material.to the rod,the material.experienced three stages,*** by the tool.upward fl.w with additional.til.,fol.owed by upward *** microstructural.evol.tion was reveal.d by“stop-action”*** microstructural.devel.pment at regions adjacent to the rod is mainl. control.ed by twinning,dynamic recrystal.ization(DRX)as wel. as particl. stimul.ted nucl.ation,whil. that within the rod is rel.ted to DRX combined with grain growth.

关键词： Constrained friction processing Magnesium al.oys Microstructure Mechanical.properties Grain refinement Pl.stic deformation

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