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Are we Athens or Florence? COVID-19 in historical context

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第1期9卷 43-45页

作者： benjamin R Doolittle Internal Medicine&Pediatrics Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA

We have been here *** 430 BCE,a plague struck Athens,killing as much as 25%of the *** 1347 CE,the bubonic plague afflicted western Europe for 4 years,killing as much as 50%of the *** plague of Athens led to a collapse of their religion,cultural norms and *** contrast,the bubonic plague led eventually to the Renaissance,a growth of art,science and *** we contend with the COVID-19 global pandemic,will we become Athens or Florence?

关键词： population. eventually Renaissance

Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their precursor fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes and major peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing target genes in HepG2 cell model

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第2期14卷 115-123页

作者： Sailas benjamin Silke FLOTHO Torsten BRCHERS Friedrich SPENER Department of Biochemistry University of Münster48149 MünsterGermany Enzyme Technology Laboratory Biotechnology DivisionDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalicutKerala 673 635India Department of Molecular Biosciences Lipidomics Research CenterUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 318010 GrazAustria

The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles （as judged by quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）） of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） α,β, y subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element （PPRE） in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid （9-CLA） or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid （10-CLA） or their precursor fatty acids （FAs）. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 pmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induc- tion/expression profiles of PPAR （α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter （FAT）, glucose transporter-2 （GLUT-2）, liver-type FA binding protein （L-FABP）, acyl CoA oxidase-1 （ACOX-1）, and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme （PBE） with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes （glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, β-actin, and ubiquitin）, β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed, qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP （-0.5-.0-fold）. Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-I. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-beadng genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and th

关键词： Conjugated linoleic acid HepG2 cell model qRT-PCR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing genes Lipid agonists

Thiol-yne Click Adamantane Monolithic Stationary Phase for Capillary Electrochromatography

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2012年第10期30卷 2281-2284页

作者： Dao,Thi Thu Hien Guerrouache,Mohamed Carbonnier,benjamin Institut de Chimie et des Materiaux Paris Est UMRCNRS 7182&Universite Paris-Est Creteil2-8 rue Henri Dunant94320 ThiaisFrance

A porous crosslinked organic polymer based on N-acryloxysuccinimide （NAS） and ethylene dimethacrylate （EDMA） was prepared inside 75 μm i.d. fused silica capillary as functionalizable monolithic stationary phase for electrochromatographic applications. Succinimide groups on the monolith surface provide reactive sites able to re- act readily through standard electrophile-nucleophile chemistry. Propargylamine was used to prepare alkyne func- tionalized poly（NAS-co-EDMA）. Onto this thiol-reactive polymer surface was grafted adamantane units via a photochemically-driven addition reaction. Chemical characterization was performed in situ after each synthetic step by means of Raman spectroscopy and grafting kinetics was investigated to ensure quantitative grafting of 1-adamantanethiol. The as-designed monolithic stationary phase exhibited typical reversed-phase separation mechanism as evidenced by the linear increase of the logarithm of retention factor of neutral aromatic solutes with the increase of the aqueous buffer content in the mobile phase.

关键词： adamantane electrochromatography porous monolith surface chemistry thiol-yne click

Thermal expansion behavior,phase transitions and some physico-mechanical characteristics of fired doped rice husk silica refractory

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第1期2卷 79-86页

作者： benjamin Iyenagbe UGHEOKE Othman MAMAT B.ARI-WAHJOEDI Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar 31750TronohPerakMalaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar 31750TronohPerakMalaysia

This paper presents the findings on thermal expansion behavior of slaked lime doped rice husk silica(RHS)refractory monitored between 25℃and 1500℃.It also reports the phase transition analysis within the temperature range of 850-1450℃.A sudden expansion of 0.7%noticed at 220℃is due to the transformation ofα-cristobalite toβ-*** highest expansion(0.85%)reached within the temperature range of 650-850℃,remains almost constant for the investigated temperature range,and is not high enough to cause macro cracks in the *** phase transition order is similar to those reported for quartzite refractory after 600℃,though the crystallization temperature is lowered due to the presence of the *** of rupture,apparent porosity,bulk density,refractoriness and reheat change are reported and their results meet with the standards qualifying them for use in coke ovens.

关键词： rice husk silica refractory thermal expansion phase transitions physico-mechanical characteristics

Anticorrosion behavior of conversion coatings obtained from unbuffered cerium salts solutions on AA6061-T6

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第10期29卷 961-968页

作者： KIYOTA Sayuri VALDEZ benjamin STOYTCHEVA Margarita ZLATEV Roumen BASTIDAS Jose Maria Engineering Institute of UABC B.Juárez Blvd.and Normal St.21280 MexicaliB.C.Mexico CENIM-National Centre for Metallurgical Research CSIC8Gregorio del Amo Ave.28040 MadridSpain

The anticorrosive properties of cerium based conversion coatings deposited on AA6061-T6 alloy by immersion in tmbuffercd cerium chloride and cerium nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were investigated and characterized by potentiodynamic po- larization （PDP） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） in 0.5 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution. The microstructure and chemical composition of the protective films were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. It was found that the best corrosion protection was afforded by the samples treated during 600 s in cerium chloride solution at pH values ~5.5-4, showing higher amounts of cerium and polarization resistance values greater than 10 f~ m2. Moreover, an ennoblement of the corro- sion potential and decreasing of the cathodic and anodic currents were obtained compared with the cerium nitrate solutions application. This behavior was attributed to the influence of the deposition parameters such as type of the salt anion, i.e., chelating effect and chaotropic characteristics, pH fluctuations in the conversion solution and deposition time.

关键词： cerium based conversion coatings EIS PDP anticorrosion properties rare earths

Trace-element geochemistry and S–O isotopes in the fluorite-barite mineralization of Merguechoum,Moroccan eastern Meseta:insights into ore genesis to the Pangea rifting

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第3期42卷 435-452页

作者： Mohammed Cherai Larbi Rddad Fouad Talbi benjamin F.Walter Faculte´des Sciences Laboratoire de GeosciencesGeo-Environnement et Prospection Miniere et HydriqueBP 71760000 OujdaMaroc Earth and Planetary Science Division Physical Science DepartmentKingsborough Community College of the City University of New York(CUNY)2001 Oriental BoulevardBrooklynNY 11235–2398USA Chair of Economic Geology and Geochemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Adenauerring 20B76131 KarlsruheGermany Laboratory for Environmental and Raw Material Analyses(LERA) Adenauerring 20B76131 KarlsruheGermany

The Merguechoum fluorite-barite mineralization,located in the Eastern Meseta of Morocco,is hosted in the Late Hercynian *** ore consists of fine crystals of fluorite 1,massive barite 1,euhedral crystals of fluorite 2,and barite 2 with calcite and minor quartz and *** Merguechoum ore deposits have never been *** study was the first contribution that studied the genesis of fluorite and *** ore occurs as dissemination within granite intrusion and also fills the NE-SWtrending meter-sized fractures and *** values of the total Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium(REY)and the ratios of LREY/HREY,Y/Ho,Tb/Ca,and Tb/La indicate that the Merguechoum fluorite precipitated from hydrothermal fluids,likely basinal brines,which interacted with the Hercynian *** REY data indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the early stage have intensely interacted with the Hercynian granite compared to those of the late ore *** gradual decrease in the europium(Eu/Eu^(*)),yttrium(Y/Y^(*)),and cerium(Ce/Ce^(*))anomalies and a low concentration ofΣREY observed in the second ore stage compared to the first ore stage suggest an increase in p H and fO_(2)and by inference a decrease in temperature during the evolution of the hydrothermal *** evolution could be explained by fluid mixing between the ascending basinal hydrothermal fluids and the diluted sulfate-rich meteoric water barite separates from selected samples reveal that the dissolved sulfates(SO_(4)^(2-))were derived from Permian–Triassic sulfates and/or coeval poreseawater *** proposed fluid mixing triggered the precipitation of an early-stage F-Ba assemblage followed by the second-stage F-Ba *** fieldwork,REY inventories,and isotope data point to the ore genesis during the Permian–Triassic extensional tectonic activity concerning the Pangea *** extensional tectonic environment is likely the driving force that mobilized a large amount of the ore

关键词： Fluorite-barite veins Geochemistry of REY and trace elements O–S isotopes Late hercynian granite Pangea rifting Merguechoum Eastern Meseta of Moroccan

Bio-inspired Topological Skeleton for the Analysis of Quadruped Kinematic Gait

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第5期15卷 839-850页

作者： benjamin Boudon Jean-Marc Linares Anick Abourachid Arthur Vauquelin Emmanuel Mermoz Aix Marseille University CNRS ISM Marseille 13009 France Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Pavillon d'Anatomie Comparbe 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France Airbus Helicopters Abroport de Marseille Provence Marignane 13700 France

In bio-inspired design activities, nature is a basis of knowledge. Over the last twenty years, many solutions to measure and analyze human or animal gaits have been developed （VICON system, X-ray radiography...）. Although, these methods are becoming more and more accurate, they are quite expensive, long to set up and not easily portable. In this paper, a method called the bio-inspired topological skeleton is proposed in order to complement the classic videography process and to enable animal gait analysis. A new predictive kinematic model with closed-loops of an unguligrade quadruped is suggested. This kinematic model includes three segments per leg and takes into account the scapula movements. The proposed method allows us to improve the accuracy of the kinematic input data measured from a single video including an additional artefact. To show the benefits of this method, joint parameters that are difficult to measure are derived symbolically from the kinematic model and compared with experimental data.

关键词： quadruped locomotion motion analysis topological skeleton closed-form solutions Multibody Systems (MBS)

Two Halls of Hangzhou： Local Gazetteers and the Grading of Geography for a Song Dynasty City

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2014年第2期8卷 225-252页

作者： benjamin B. Ridgway Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures University of Illinois Urbana Illinois61801 USA

This article examines the shifting geo-political significance of Hangzhou as presented in two local gazetteers dating from the Southern Song dynasty （1127-1276）. Focusing on literary works quoted in both of these gazetteers that describe two of Hangzhou＇s famous halls on West Lake, I argue that geographic discourses on these halls manifest a tension between two conflicting presentations of Hangzhou＇s geo-political significance as understood by literati elite of the Southern Song. In writings concerning the Hall of Possessing Beauty （Youmei tang 有美堂）, Hangzhou was viewed as a city of rising economic and cultural importance during the Northern Song. Writings on the Hall of Centrality and Harmony （Zhonghe tang 中和堂）, in contrast, depict Hangzhou as an imperial refuge for a court in flight and associate it with the motif of territorial loss during the Southern Song when the city became the dynastic capital. By examining how these two views of Hangzhou are contrasted, this essay concludes that gazetteers functioned to grade and rank different kinds of landscapes in order to make geo-political arguments about the proper reconstitution of the empire during the Southern Song.

关键词： local gazetteers Hangzhou West Lake Song dynasty Ouyang Xiu,Gaozong geography landscape nostalgia irredentism environmental energy(qi)

Neuroimaging the effects of smartphone(over-)use on brain function and structure-a review on the current state of MRI-based findings and a roadmap for future research

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Psychoradiology 2023年第1期3卷 36-48页

作者： Christian Montag benjamin Becker Department of Molecular Psychology.Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm UniversityUlm 89081Germany The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental HealthSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute MOE Key Laboratory for NeuroinformnationSchool of Life Science and TedhnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengdu 611731China

The smartphone represents a transformative device that dramatically changed our daily lives,including how we communicate,work,entertain ourselves,and navigate through unknown *** its ubiquitous availability and impact on nearly every aspect of our lives,debates on the potential impact of smartphone(over-)use on the brain and whether smartphone use can be“addictive”have increased over the last *** studies have used magnetic resonance imaging to characterize associations between individual differences in excessive smartphone use and variations in brain structure or ***,it is an opportune time to summarize and critically reflect on the available *** this overview,we present a roadmap for future research to improve our understanding of how excessive smartphone use can affect the brain,mental health,and cognitive and affective functions.

关键词： smartphone smartphone use disorder problematic smartphone use smartphone addiction internet internet addiction MRI review brain fMRI mental health