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Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review

World journal of Orthopedics 2015年第6期6卷 449-456页

作者： Ashim Gupta Nitin Kukkar Kevin Sharif benjamin j main Christine E Albers Saadiq F El-Amin Ⅲ Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Institute for Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences

Bone graft substitutes are widely used in the field of orthopedics and are extensively used to promote vertebral fusion. Fusion is the most common technique in spine surgery and is used to treat morbidities and relieve discomfort. Allograft and autograft bone substitutes are currently the most commonly used bone grafts to promote fusion. These approaches pose limitations and present complications to the patient. Numerous alternative bone graft substitutes are on the market or have been developed and proposed for application. These options have attempted to promote spine fusion by enhancing osteogenic properties. In this review, we reviewed biology of spine fusion and the current advances in biomedical materials and biological strategies for application in surgical spine fusion. Our findings illustrate that, while many bone graft substitutes perform well as bone graft extenders, only osteoinductive proteins(recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osteogenic protein-1) provide evidence for use as both bone enhancers and bone substitutes for specific types of spinal fusion. Tissue engineered hydrogels, synthetic polymer composites and viral based gene therapy also holds the potential to be used for spine fusion in future, though warrants further investigation to be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Bone enhancers Bone graft substitutes Spine fusion Autograft Allograft

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Origin of high particle number concentrations reaching the St. Louis, Midwest Supersite

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 219-231页

作者： benjamin de Foy james j.Schauer Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin

Ultrafine particles are associated with adverse health effects. Total Particle Number Concentration（TNC） of fine particles were measured during 2002 at the St. Louis — Midwest supersite. The time series showed overall low level with frequent large peaks. The time series was analyzed alongside criteria pollutant measurements and meteorological observations. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify further contributing factors and to determine the association of different pollutants with TNC levels. This showed the strong contribution of sulfur dioxide（SO2） and nitrogen oxides（NO x） to high TNC levels. The analysis also suggested that increased dispersion resulting from faster winds and higher mixing heights led to higher TNC levels. Overall, the results show that there were intense particle nucleation events in a SO2 rich plume reaching the site which contributed around 29% of TNC. A further 40% was associated with primary emissions from mobile sources. By separating the remaining TNC by time of day and clear sky conditions,we suggest that most likely 8% of TNC are due to regional nucleation events and 23% are associated with the general urban background.

关键词： Atmospheric aerosols Particle number concentrations Fine particles Sulfur dioxide plumes Mobile source emissions

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Analysis of synthetic parameters for coating aluminum powders with phenyltriethoxysilane coupling agent and their effects on powder flow behavior

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 412-417页

作者： Lillian M.Mawby Bellamarie Ludwig benjamin j.Lear Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Applied Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Though silanization of aluminum powder is currently used to improve its flow properties,for use as an alternative fuel source,there are a wide range of experimental parameters for the process and not all of them have been thoroughly *** this is complete,it is unknown if the process is optimized in terms of time,efficiency,and ***,we report on a study into the effects of changes in humidity,degree of agitation,reaction temperature,and curing time upon the deposition of phenyl triethoxysilane into 20μm(d50)aluminum *** confirm the deposition of the coating via diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron *** then characterize the coated particles using apparent density measurements and Carney flow *** analysis of variance,we find that,of the parameters explored,only changes in cure time and reaction temperature provide meaningful changes to the apparent density,while none of our parameters produced statistically significant changes in Carney flow ***,we conclude that,when optimizing silanization of aluminum particles,environmental control of humidity is unneeded and that the reaction can be run with minimal *** ability to largely ignore these parameters is a benefit to large-scale processing.

关键词： Aluminum powder Silane Fluidization Apparent density Carney flow

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Conspecific negative density dependence in American beech

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第3期4卷 174-181页

作者： benjamin S.Ramage Isabel j.Mangana Biology Department Randolph-Macon College

Background： One of the most important drivers of forest biodiversity is conspecific negative density dependence（CNDD）, a reduction in performance when conspecific densities are high. While the majority of CNDD research has focused on tropical forests, evidence is mounting that CNDD may also play an important role in temperate *** further explore the potential reach of this phenomenon, we investigated CNDD in American beech（Fagus grandifolia）in a mature mid-Atlantic ***： We used bivariate point pattern analyses to examine spatial relationships between large beech trees and conspecific saplings, and we also contrasted these patterns with comparable patterns for heterospecifics. In addition, to address the possibility of dispersal limitation and the associated effects on spatial patterns, we analyzed seedling density as a function of adult conspecific ***： We found that beech saplings were more repel ed from large conspecifics than large heterospecifics, despite the fact that beech seedling density was positively correlated with beech basal area. However, saplings of other canopy tree species were also repel ed from adult beech trees, suggesting a general suppressive effect. Nonetheless, the discrepancy between beech seedling and sapling densities beneath adult conspecifics suggests that beech seedling survival rates were reduced in vicinity of conspecific ***： Regardless of the extent to which beech inhibits heterospecific trees, a negative effect on conspecific recruits may be critical for biodiversity maintenance. Without this conspecific suppression, a dense layer of shade-tolerant beech saplings could form beneath adult beech trees. If this were to occur, beech would have a substantial head-start fol owing canopy disturbance, and this late-successional species could potential y dominate a stand in perpetuity,through repeated disturbance cycles.

关键词： Biodiversity Disturbance Dispersal limitation Diversity Fagus grondifolia janzen-Connell effects Mid-Atlantic Point pattern analysis Regeneration Temperate forest

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Surgical treatment of hip arthritis : reconstruction, replacement, and revision / edited by William j. Hozack, javad Parvizi, benjamin Bender

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2010年

作者： edited by William j. Hozack javad Parvizi benjamin Bender

ISBN: (纸本)9781416058984

关键词： Hip joint Surgery. Arthritis Surgery. Osteoarthritis, Hip surgery. Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip methods. Reoperation methods.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Identification of stable adsorption sites and diffusion paths on nanocluster surfaces:an automated scanning algorithm

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 246-253页

作者： Tibor Szilvási benjamin W.j.Chen Manos Mavrikakis Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadisonWI 53706USA

The diverse coordination environments on the surfaces of discrete,three-dimensional(3D)nanoclusters contribute significantly to their unique catalytic *** the numerous adsorption sites and diffusion paths on these clusters is however tedious and time-consuming,especially for large,asymmetric ***,we present a simple,automated method for constructing approximate 2D potential energy surfaces for the adsorption of atomic species on the surfaces of 3D nanoclusters with minimal human *** potential energy surfaces fully characterize the important adsorption sites and diffusion paths on the nanocluster surfaces with accuracies similar to current approaches and at comparable computational *** method can treat complex nanoclusters,such as alloy nanoclusters,and accounts for cluster relaxation and adsorbate-induced reconstruction,important for obtaining accurate ***,its highly parallelizable nature is ideal for modern supercomputer architectures.

关键词： properties adsorption cluster

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Compost Input Effect on Dryland Wheat and Forage Yields and Soil Quality

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 451-462页

作者： Francisco j. CALDERON Merle F. VIGIL joseph benjamin United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Central Great Plains Research Station Akron80720 CO( USA)

Organic agricultural systems rely on organic amendments to achieve crop fertility requirements, and weed control must be achieved without synthetic herbicides. Our objective was to determine the crop yield and soil quality as affected by a transition from grass to dryland organic agriculture in the Central Great Plains of North America. This study evaluated three beef feedlot compost(BFC)treatments in 2010–2015 following biennial application rates: 0(control), 22.9, and 108.7 t ha^(-1) on two dryland organic cropping systems: a wheat(Triticum aestivum)-fallow(WF) rotation harvested for grain and a triticale(Triticosecale)/pea(Pisum sativum)-fallow(T/P-F) rotation harvested for forage. The triticale + pea biomass responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) BFC treatment,but not the 22.9-t ha^(-1) BFC treatment. The wheat biomass was not affected by BFC addition, but biomass N content *** feedlot compost input did not increase wheat grain yields, but had a positive effect on wheat grain Zn content. Soil total C and N contents increased with the rate of 108.7 t ha^(-1) BFC after three applications, but not with 22.9 t ha^(-1) BFC. Soil enzyme activities associated with N and C cycling responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) BFC treatment. Saturated salts were high in the soil receiving 108.7 t ha^(-1) of BFC, but did not affect crop yields. These results showed that BFC was effective in enhancing forage yields, wheat grain quality, and soil C and N, as well as specific microbial enzymes important for nutrient cycling. However, the large rates of BFC necessary to elicit these positive responses did not increase grain yields, and resulted in an excessive buildup of soil P.

关键词： organic agriculture soil C soil enzyme activity soil N pea triticale

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Improving intermittent androgen deprivation therapy： lessons learned from basic and translational research

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Asian journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 505-510页

作者： Rahul A Parikh Laura E Pascal benjamin j Davieses Zhou Wang Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Hillman Cancer Centre University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy （IADT） is an alternative to continuous androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） in prostate cancer patients with nonmetastatic disease. ADT is associated with numerous side effects such as hot flashes, sexual dysfunction, anemia, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome and premature cardiovascular disease. IADT was developed with the intention of improving the quality of life and to delay progression of prostate cancer to castration resistance. The benefits of slightly improved quality of life by IADT compared to ADT were demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. IADT was noted to be noninferior to ADT in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer but in studies performed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the results were inconclusive. Our recent studies suggested that the administration of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors during the off-cycle of IADT can significantly prolong the survival of mice bearing androgen-sensitive prostate tumors when off-cycle duration was short. This review discusses the survival benefit of 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in IADT in animal models and the potential translation of this finding into clinic.

关键词： 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor androgen-responsive genes intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) prostatecancer testosterone

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Effect and feasibility of wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers for increasing physical activity and improving health outcomes in cancer survivors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 184-193页

作者： benjamin Singh Eva M.Zopf Erin j Howden Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation Greenslopes Private HospitalGreenslopesQLD 4120Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia

Purpose:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of wearable devices for improving physical activity and healthrelated outcomes in cancer ***:CINAHL,Cochrane,Ebscohost,MEDLINE,Pubmed,ProQuest Health and Medical Complete,ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source,ScienceDirect,and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published before September 1,2020,that evaluated interventions involving wearable devices in cancer *** mean differences(SMDs)were calculated to assess effects on physical activity and health-related *** analyses were conducted to assess whether the effects differed by interventions and cancer *** of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias ***:Thirty-five trials were included(breast cancer,n=15,43%).Intervention durations ranged between 4 weeks and 1 *** trials(n=25,71%)involved pedometer-based physical activity ***(20%)involved Fitbit-based interventions,and 3(9%)involved other wearable physical activity trackers(e.g.,Polar,Garmin).Compared to usual care,wearable devices had moderate-to-large effects(SMD range 0.54-0.87,pmains an area for future research.

关键词： Activity tracker Cancer Exercise Physical activity Wearable

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Binding of transition metals to S100 proteins

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 792-801页

作者： benjamin A.Gilston Eric P.Skaar Walter j.Chazin Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37232-9717USA Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville TN 37232-2561USA

The S100 proteins are a unique class of EF-hand Ca^(2+) binding proteins distributed in a cell-specific, tissue-specific, and cell cycle-specific manner in humans and other vertebrates. These proteins are distinguished by their distinctive homodimeric structure, both intracellular and extracellular functions, and the ability to bind transition metals at the dimer interface. Here we summarize current knowledge of S100 protein binding of Zn^(2+), Cu^(2+) and Mn^(2+) ions, focusing on binding affinities, conformational changes that arise from metal binding, and the roles of transition metal binding in S100 protein function.

关键词： S100 Proteins Zinc Manganese Copper

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