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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 932-946页

作者： Chaoran Xu benjamin t.Nelson-Mercer Jeremy D.Bricker Meri Davlasheridze Ashley D.Ross Jianjun Jia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Marine SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77553USA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CN DelftThe Netherlands

Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of *** caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,*** used the Delft3dFM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane *** curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage *** NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike *** found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of *** also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.

关键词： Delft3d-FM Flood risk Hurricane Ike Residential damage ratio SWAN Weibull function

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Hybridization and the species problem in conservation

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： benjamin M. FItZPAtRICK Maureen E. RYAN Jarrett R. JOHNSON Joel CORUSH Evin t. CARtER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology Department Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

Most biologists recognize the ＂species phenomenon＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. Many conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and sometimes disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonomic species reminds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a model that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Development of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision makers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-makers more than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to emphasize that the goals and premises of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Sometimes legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate model for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations means choosing from a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we must recognize their limitations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification Delimitation

tianshanbeilu and the Isotopic Millet Road: reviewing the late Neolithic/Bronze Age radiation of human millet consumption from north China to Europe

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 1024-1039页

作者： tingting Wang Dong Wei Xien Chang Zhiyong Yu Xinyu Zhang Changsui Wang Yaowu Hu benjamin t.Fuller Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and PalaeoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology Jilin University Department of Anthropology School of Sociology and Anthropology Sun Yat-sen University Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

the westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and ***, few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of *** this study, we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China(n = 110) on material from the key site of tianshanbeilu, in eastern *** large range of δC values(–17.6 to –7.2; –15.5 ± 1.2) provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant Cresources(millets).the high δN results(10.3 to 16.7;14.7 ± 0.8) likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the taklamakan *** dates from four individuals indicate tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and1215 cal *** tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia, to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human *** isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period,with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China, Central Asia and ***,we argue that this ‘Isotopic Millet Road’ extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe, and conclude that these Cdietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links(migration and/or resource transfer) between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe.

关键词： Inner Asian Mountain Corridor Silk Road Xinjiang Old World crop globalization Shang Dynasty

Keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第19期7卷 3012-3017页

作者： Majid Moshirfar David F Skanchy Aaron t Gomez Yasmyne C Ronquillo benjamin Buckner Phillip C Hoopes John A.Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84101United States Utah Lions Eye Bank Salt Lake CityUT 84101United States Hoopes Durrie Rivera Research Center Hoopes VisionDraperUT 84020United States Kellogg Eye Center Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48103United States the University of texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX 78542United States

BACKGROUND Known ocular manifestations of Alport syndrome include features such as anterior lenticonus and fleck retinopathy. Reports of keratoconus in such patients are limited. We report tomographic findings consistent with keratoconus in a patient with Alport *** SUMMARY A 52-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with decreased vision and increased tearing. She was diagnosed with stage Ⅲ Alport syndrome two years prior. Upon examination she was found to have average keratometries of 48D bilaterally with tomographic evidence of *** Although a rare presentation, concurrent Alport syndrome and keratoconus should be considered when reviewing the ocular health of Alport syndrome patients and appropriate management steps should be taken upon the diagnosis.

关键词： Alport syndrome,Keratoconus type Ⅳ collagen COL4A genes Corneal ectasia Case report

transient Radiation-Conductive Heat transfer Problems:"the Quadrupole Method"

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Journal of thermal Science 2002年第4期11卷 359-371页

作者： Alain Degiovanni benjamin Remy Stephane Andre Laboratoire d'Energetique et de Mecanique theorique et Appliquee L.E.M.T.A-U.M.R C.N.R.S 7563/E.E.I.G.M-E.N.S.E.MUniversite Henri Poincare-Nancy IInstitut National Polytechnique de Lorraine(I.N.P.L)02avenue de la Foret de Haye-B.P 16054516 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy CedexFrance

this paper presents a statement of the works performed in L.E.M.t.A by the members of the thermal and mechanical heterogeneous media research group during the last six years concerning the solving of coupled conductive and radiative heat transfers within a multilayer and semi-transparent“wall”.Out of the authors,this paper allows to take inspiration from the works of ***,*** and ***[19,20,21].the aim of these works is to represent in a macroscopic way,with the minimum number of thermophysical parameters,the heat transfers in a plane system composed of semi-transparent *** approach we propose is semi-analytic(Kernel substitution technique,Laplace transformation)and allow to obtain in the Laplace domain an analytical solution that can be easily *** method can be applied in two main scopes of applications:the estimation of thermophysical properties(phononic conductivity,optical thickness,Planck number for instance)of semi-transparent materials(glasses,crystals,glass wool,semi-conductors,synthetic diamonds,vitroceramics and so on)and the modelling of processes with semitransparent walls(for instance bottles forming,flat glass production,drying of paper).the method will be first presented and validated and two examples of applications will be then *** method can be applied to semitransparent walls that emit,absorb and scatter the radiant energy(participating medium).It appears from the principle of a Kernel substitution technique applied to the radiative flux expression and initially introduced by Lick[1]that allows to change the character of the governing heat equation from the integro-differential form to a purely differential *** the case of limiting cases of purely scattering and purely absorbing media,the solution of the radiative transfer equation is *** the general case,we make a two-flux *** all cases,we assume a linear transfer and use the Laplace *** method can be applied to grey or grey by bands

关键词： heat conduction thermal radiation coupled heat transfer quadrupole method

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the role of nuclear receptors in regulation of th 17/treg biology and its implications for diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第5期12卷 533-542页

作者： benjamin V. Park Fan Pan Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School ofMedicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA

Nuclear receptors in the cell play essential roles in environmental sensing, differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism and are thus highly conserved across multiple species. the anti-inflammatory role of nuclear receptors in immune cells has recently gained recognition. Nuclear receptors play critical roles in both myeloid and lymphoid cells, particularly in helper CD4＋ t-cell type 17 （th17） and regulatory t cells （treg）. th17 and treg are closely related cell fates that are determined by orchestrated cytokine signaling. Recent studies have emphasized the interactions between nuclear receptors and the known cytokine signals and how such interaction affects th 17/treg development and function. this review will focus on the most recent discoveries concerning the roles of nuclear receptors in the context of therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases.

关键词： nuclear receptors regulation

New Evidence, Conditions, Instruments &Experiments for Gravitational theories

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第8期4卷 183-196页

作者： benjamin t. Solomon Interstellar Space Exploration technology Initiative (iSEtI) LLC Denver USA

two significant findings compel a rethink of physical theories. First, using a 7-billion-year-old gamma-ray burst, Nemiroff (2012) showed that quantum foam could not exists. And second, Solomon (2011) showed that gravitational acceleration is not associated with the gravitating mass, that gravitational acceleration g is determined solely by τ the change in time dilation over a specific height multiplied by c2 or g = τc2. Seeking consistency with Special theory of Relativity, as means to initiate this rethink, this paper examines 12 inconsistencies in physical theories that manifest from empirical data. the purpose of this examination is to identify how gravitational theories need to change or be explored, to eliminate these 12 inconsistencies. It is then proposed that spacetime is much more sophisticated than just a 4-dimensional continuum. And, that the Universe consists of at least two layers or “kenos” (Greek for vacuous), the 4-dimensional kenos, spacetime (x, y, z, t) and the 3-dimensional kenos, subspace (x, y, z) that are joined at the space coordinates (x, y, z). this explains why electromagnetic waves are transverse, and how probabilities are implemented in Nature. this paper concludes by proposing two new instruments and one test, to facilitate research into gravitational fields, the new torsion-, tension- and stress-free near field gravity probe, the gravity wave telescope, and a non-locality test.

关键词： Relativity Special theory of Relativity General theory of Relativity Entanglement Baking Bread transverse Wave Electromagnetism Separation Vectors Gamma Ray Burst Quarks Gravity Modification Exotic Matter Photons Strings Shielding Cloaking Invisibility Near Field Gravity Probe Wave Function Gaussian

the Civil Examination System in Late Imperial China, 1400-1900

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第1期8卷 32-50页

作者： benjamin A, Elman Department Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544-1008 USA

Scholars often contend that civil examinations were what made imperial China a political meritocracy. they point to the examination system to show that the selection process served more as a common training program for literati than as a gate-keeper to keep non-elites out. Despite the symbiotic relations between the court and its literati, the emperor played the final card in the selection process. the asymmetrical relations between the throne and its elites nevertheless empowered elites to seek upward mobility as scholar-officials through the system. But true social mobility, peasants becoming officials, was never the goal of state policy in late imperial China; a modest level of social circulation was an unexpected consequence of the meritocratic civil service. Moreover, the meri^t-based bureaucracy never broke free of its dependence on an authoritarian imperial system. A modem political system might be more compatible with meritocracy, however. One of the unintended consequences of the civil examinations was creation of classically literate men （and women）, who used their linguistic talents for a variety of non-official purposes, from literati physicians to local pettifoggers, from fiction-writers to examination essay teachers, from Buddhist and Daoist monks to mothers and daughters. If there was much social mobility, i.e., the opportunity for members of the lower classes to rise in the social hierarchy, it was likely here. Rather than ＂social mobility,＂ this phenomenon might be better described as a healthy ＂circulation＂ of lower and upper elites when compared to aristocratic Europe and Japan.

关键词： Meritocracy civil service examinations late imperial China education reproduction

the effect of epigenetic sperm abnormalities on early embryogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第2期8卷 131-142页

作者： benjamin R. Emery Douglas t.Carrel Andrology & IVF Laboratories Department of Physiology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah 84108USA

Sperm are a highly specialized cell type derived to deliver the paternal haploid genome to the oocyte. the epigenetic, or gene regulatory, properties and mechanisms of the sperm assist in preparation of the paternal genome to contribute to embryogenesis and the genome of the zygote. Many recent studies have addressed the issue of altered epigenetic processes in the sperm. this review evaluates the current understanding of DNA damage, chromosome aneuploidy, reduced telomere length, malformations of the centrosome, genomic imprinting errors, altered mRNA profiles, and abnormal nuclear packaging in the sperm prior to fertilization and the observed effects on embryogenesis. Attention has also been given to understanding the underlying etiology of sperm with altered epigenetic mechanisms in humans. （Asian J Androl 2006 Mar; 8： 131-142）

关键词： embryogenesis DNA damage imprinting aneuploidy telomere centrosome nuclear packaging male infertility

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A Special Issue on the Epididymis ＆ the Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on the Epididymis （Epid Ⅳ）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Joel R. Drevet Barry t. Hinton trevor G. cooper

the Fourth Epididymis （Epid Ⅳ） Workshop was held between December 4th and 7th 2006 in Chatel-Guyon, France. this was the first European venue for these workshops following Epid Ⅲ held in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA in 2002, Epid Ⅱ held in Newcastle, Australia in 1998 and a one-day meeting （later named Epid Ⅰ） in Hong Kong, China in 1992. the 2006 meeting was organised by Drs Joeol R. Drevet （Aubi6re, France） and trevor G. cooper （Muenster, Germany） and was a satellite meeting of the Fourth European Congress of Andrology （ECA2006） which followed in toulouse （France） from December 8th to 10th.

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