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Optical Analysis of a ZnO/Cu_(2)O Subcell in a Silicon-Based Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cell

Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2017年第1期7卷 57-69页

作者： Φrnulf Nordseth Raj Kumar Kristin Bergum Laurentiu Fara Sean Erik Foss Halvard Haug Florin Dragan Dan Craciunescu Paul Sterian Irinela Chilibon Cristina Vasiliu Laurentiu Baschir Dan Savastru Edouard Monakhov bengt gunnar svensson Institute for Energy Technology(IFE) KjellerNorway Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology(SMN) University of OsloOsloNorway University Politehnica of Bucharest BucharestRomania Academy of Romanian Scientists BucharestRomania National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics(INOE-2000) BucharestRomania

Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.

关键词： Tandem Solar Cells Heterojunction Cuprous Oxide Magnetron Sputtering Optical Properties Optical Modelling

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2014年第3期4卷 47-58页

作者： gunnar svensson Sven-Borje Ewers Ola Ohlsson Hakan Olsson Department of Medicine Central HospitalKristianstadSweden Department of Cancer Epidemiology Clinical SciencesUniversity of LundLundSweden Department of Oncology University HospitalLundSweden

Introduction: Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate if female gender was a prognostic factor in different tumour stages in relation to histology and given therapy. Methods: From 1989-2008, 1497 patients in eastern Scania, in southern Sweden with 202,000 inhabitants, were referred and prospectively registered. Tumour stage, performance status, lung cancer type and primary therapy were registered. Results: In NSCLC, female patients in stages 1 and 2 who were treated with surgery had a better 5-year survival rate (79.4%), compared to males (60.6%;p = 0.0004). Female patients in stage 3 with active therapy (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) had a better 5-year survival than males (20.6% vs. 10.5%, respectively, p = 0.0006). Female patients with adenocarcinoma were favourable in stages 1-3. In stage 4, there was no survival difference between females and males. In SCLC, females with limited disease (LD) and active therapy (chemotherapy ±?radiotherapy ± surgery) had a higher 5-year survival rate (28%) than males (5.6%);p = 0.001. Females with extensive disease (ED) and active therapy (chemotherapy ± radiotherapy) had a better 5-year survival (3.9%) compared to males (0.7%);p = 0.023. In multivariate analyses, patient performance status at diagnosis was also an independent prognostic factor in all tumour stages of lung cancer. Conclusions: This population-based study corroborates a female survival advantage in NSCLC stages 1-3, but not in metastatic stage 4, and this is also demonstrated for the adenocarcinoma subgroup. The study also confirms better prognosis in females with SCLC in both LD and ED. The study also demonstrates the importance of patient performance status as a prognostic factor in all stages of lung cancer.

关键词： Gender Performance Status Prognostic Factor NSCLC(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) SCLC(Small Cell Lung Cancer) Tumour Stage

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DIRECT PHASE DETERMINATION FROM FOURIER TRANSFORMS OF EM IMAGES

DIRECT PHASE DETERMINATION FROM FOURIER TRANSFORMS OF EM IMA...

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Sixteenth Congress of the International Union of Crystallography

作者： Sven Hovmller Lars Eriksson Xiaodong Zou gunnar svensson Structural Chemistry Stockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden Inorganic Chemistry Stockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden

＜正＞The great advantage of electron microscopy（EM） over X-ray diffraction is that the structure factor phases are not *** was shown already in 1968 by DeRosier and Klug（Nature 217,130-134）.Fourier transform（FT） analysis is now a standard technique for EM images of protein crystals. However,Fourier methods have until now not been

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小麦育种中的品质测定方法

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麦类作物学报 1988年第6期 3-6页

作者： gunnar svensson 王明理

植物育种意味着创造遗传变异以及在变异中进行选择。对面包小麦品质的育种也要求选择合适的品质测定方法。这种测定方法的选择,十分需要了解市场和磨粉及烘烤业的要求。不论快速筛选早代品系籽粒品质的复杂方法还是品种评价及杂交亲本... 详细信息

植物育种意味着创造遗传变异以及在变异中进行选择。对面包小麦品质的育种也要求选择合适的品质测定方法。这种测定方法的选择,十分需要了解市场和磨粉及烘烤业的要求。不论快速筛选早代品系籽粒品质的复杂方法还是品种评价及杂交亲本研究中的先进测定方法,都需要有一个较宽的品质测定方法系列,也必须有一个测定磨粉品质、烘烤品质和抗穗发芽的测试方法系列。对优质杂交亲本和优质基因来源的选择是育种家工作中的一个重要组成部分。必须选择出适于市场需求的品质类型.为了配制杂交组合和指导选择,育种家也应尽可能多的了解这些品质基因的遗传特性。略微复杂一点,除复杂的品质性状外,育种家还必须考虑25个其他更复杂的重要性状。

关键词：出粉率面粉杂交组合育种家杂交亲本加工品质杂种组合育种学家磨粉品质烘烤品质小麦品种抗穗发芽烘烤方法春小麦春麦品质测定

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医院作用的转变

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中国医院 2000年第1期 58-59页

作者： Per—gunnar svensson,王凯戎国际医院联盟总干事

在世界很多地方,医院的作用确实正在发生变化。是什么迫使医院作出这些转变呢?是改革。1 经济的作用钱的问题总是对医院产生重要的影响,而且钱从来都不会是多余的。在近年来的经济衰退时

关键词：财政质量财政金融卫生服务社区医疗

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瑞典泥炭开采区的CH_4和CO_2通量

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2000年第8期29卷 499-503,517页

作者： Ingvar Sundh Mats Nilsson Catharina Mikkel gunnar Granberg Bo svensson 陶波王绍强瑞典农业科学大学微生物学系的助理教授瑞典农业科学大学获得林业生态学博士学位森林生态学博士学位土壤学博士学位微生物学博士学位

排水和泥炭开采可能引起泥炭地CH_4和CO_2等温室气体向大气中的排放量发生相当大的变化。在本研究中,我们采用密闭箱方法(closed chamber)测量了瑞典6个正在开采的泥炭地的CH_4和CO_2通量。结果显示,在沟渠测得的CH_4通量要比矿区条地(s... 详细信息

排水和泥炭开采可能引起泥炭地CH_4和CO_2等温室气体向大气中的排放量发生相当大的变化。在本研究中,我们采用密闭箱方法(closed chamber)测量了瑞典6个正在开采的泥炭地的CH_4和CO_2通量。结果显示,在沟渠测得的CH_4通量要比矿区条地(strips)高得多,例如,大部分泥炭地的CH_4排放量来自于沟渠。在生长季期间,这些泥炭地的CH_4排放总量(0.41～4.5g/m^2·a)与处于原始状态的泥炭地的情况相似。通过清除沟渠植被,可以使其CH_4的排放量保持较低水平。与CH_4的情况相似,在大多数泥炭地,矿区条地和沟渠都向大气中排放CO_2。在生长季节的排放量(0.23～1.0kg CO_2/m^2·a)主要是由矿区条地造成的。与采矿期间总的泥炭产量相比较而言,这些CO_2排放速率意味着:平均来说,泥炭地约6%的碳流失是由沼泽中微生物分解造成的。

关键词：瑞典泥炭开采区甲烷二氧化碳通量温室气体

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