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Earth orientation parameters from VLBI determined with a Kalman filter

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2017年第6期8卷 396-407页

作者： Maria Karbon benedikt Soja Tobias Nilsson Zhiguo Deng Robert Heinkelmann Harald Schuh GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Telegrafenherg A 17 Potsdam Germany Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Technical University of Berlin Strafe des 17. Juni 135 Berlin Germany

This paper introduces the reader to our Kalman filter developed for geodetic VLBI（very long baseline interferometry） data analysis. The focus lies on the EOP（Earth Orientation Parameter） determination based on the Continuous VLBI Campaign 2014（CONT14） data, but also earlier CONT campaigns are analyzed. For validation and comparison purposes we use EOP determined with the classical LSM（least squares method） estimated from the same VLBI data set as the Kalman solution with a daily resolution. To gain higher resolved EOP from LSM we run solutions which yield hourly estimates for polar motion and dUTl = Universal Time（UT1）-Coordinated Universal Time（UTC）. As an external validation data set we use a GPS（Global Positioning System） solution providing hourly polar motion ***, we describe our approach for determining the noise driving the Kalman filter. It has to be chosen carefully, since it can lead to a significant degradation of the results. We illustrate this issue in context with the de-correlation of polar motion and ***, we find that the agreement with respect to GPS can be improved by up to 50% using our filter compared to the LSM approach, reaching a similar precision than the GPS solution. Especially the power of erroneous high-frequency signals can be reduced dramatically, opening up new possibilities for highfrequency EOP studies and investigations of the models involved in VLBI data *** prove that the Kalman filter is more than on par with the classical least squares method and that it is a valuable alternative, especially on the advent of the VLBI2010 Global Observing System and within the GGOS frame work.

关键词： VLBI Earth rotation CONT14 Kalman filter Data analysis Least squares GPS

Measuring Criticality of Raw Materials: An Empirical Approach Assessing the Supply Risk Dimension of Commodity Criticality

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 56-78页

作者： Herbert Mayer benedikt Gleich Institute for Materials Resource Management University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

Providing a sustainable and reliable supply of raw materials at economic prices has become essential to industrialized economies. Therefore, the need for both economical and sustainable methods and strategies for the management of raw materials has been postulated to enable companies and economies to counteract dramatic effects of supply disruptions, or at least to provide early warnings. The relevant studies assign generic weights to different driving factors and therefrom derive criticality indexes. However, it often remains open how to interpret the resulting measures and how to apply them practically. Here we show that based on current commodity key figures, it is possible to empirically determine the risk for future price increases and fluctuations. Thus, we can identify future supply risks and incorporate their patterns into an empirically calibrated criticality measurement. To this end, we apply the well-known compounding framework used by many companies for their financial planning, calculating net present values and volatility from the predicted future price development. To calibrate each resource specific model, we perform extended regression analyses on our compounded criticality index from time series of 42 (out of about 60 industrially relevant) chemical elements. The analysis thereby covers 9 driving factors for criticality and a 40-year time span. Our results suggest a fundamental modification of current practices for criticality assessment, in particular by scaling the criticality measure to correspond with the net present value of future commodity expenses and future volatility.

关键词： Raw Materials Criticality Assessment Commodity Criticality Criticality Index

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不同天气背景下京津冀降水临近外推预报

应用气象学报 2022年第3期33卷 270-281页

作者：王玉虹 Bica benedikt 河北省气象台石家庄050021 奥地利国家气象局维也纳1190

基于2019—2020年京津冀地区不同天气系统影响下的降水过程,采用交叉相关法和光流法对快速更新多尺度分析和预报综合集成系统(Rapid-refresh Multi-Scale Analysis and Prediction System-Integration,RMAPS_IN)的降水分析产品进行0~2 ... 详细信息

基于2019—2020年京津冀地区不同天气系统影响下的降水过程,采用交叉相关法和光流法对快速更新多尺度分析和预报综合集成系统(Rapid-refresh Multi-Scale Analysis and Prediction System-Integration,RMAPS_IN)的降水分析产品进行0~2 h临近外推预报的批量试验。结果表明:由交叉相关法和光流法计算的两种外推矢量在大小和方向上存在一定差异,直接差异与影响降水的天气系统位置有明显的对应关系,而方向差异受地理位置的影响更明显,台风类降水呈弧形带状分布,低槽冷锋类、低涡类、气旋类、暖切变线类等几类降水均呈西北大东南小的特点;预报效果方面,总体上交叉相关法优于光流法,尤其是预报时效超过30 min以后,各种降水类型的批量检验结果显示交叉相关法的预报评分优于光流法,且预报时效越长、优势越明显,但预报时效为10 min时,光流法在低涡类、台风类、暖切变线类的空报率上优于交叉相关法。此外,基于外推的临近预报方法对京津冀地区台风类降水的预报效果最好,其次为暖切变线类、低涡类、低槽冷锋类、气旋类。

关键词：临近预报交叉相关法光流法 RMAPS_IN

Monitoring concept for structural integration of PZT-fiber arrays in metal sheets:a numerical and experimental study

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018年第1期9卷 56-67,I0003页

作者： Welf-Guntram Drossel Andreas Schubert Matthias Putz Hans-Joachim Koriath Volker Wittstock Sebastian Hensel Alexander Pierer benedikt Müller Marek Schmidt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology ChemnitzGermany Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany Professorship for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitzGermany

The technique joining by forming allows the structural integration of piezoceramic fibers into locally microstructured metal sheets without any elastic interlayers.A high-volume production of the joining partners causes in statistical deviations from the nominal dimensions.A numerical simulation on geometric process sensitivity shows that the deviations have a high significant influence on the resulting fiber stresses after the joining by forming operation and demonstrate the necessity of a monitoring *** this basis,the electromechanical behavior of piezoceramic array transducers is investigated experimentally before,during and after the joining *** piezoceramic array transducer consists of an arrangement of five electrical interconnected piezoceramic *** findings show that the impedance spectrum depends on the fiber stresses and can be used for in-process monitoring during the joining *** on the impedance values the preload state of the interconnected piezoceramic fibers can be specifically controlled and a fiber overload.

关键词： Impedance spectroscopy joining by forming process monitoring function integration sensitivity

N-acetyl cysteine alters the genotoxic and estrogenic properties of Alternaria toxins in naturally occurring mixtures

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 30-38页

作者： Georg Aichinger Dino Grgic Julia Beisl Francesco Crudo benedikt Warth Elisabeth Varga Doris Marko Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of ViennaAustria Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH ZurichSwitzerland

It is unclear if complex mycotoxin mixtures produced by Alternaria *** estrogenic and/or genotoxic under physiological conditions,particularly considering the co-occurrence with antioxidants in ***,this study focused on enlightening the impact of N-acetyl cysteine(NAC),as a representative antioxidative SH-donor,on the mentioned toxicological endpoints of the signature Alternaria toxins alternariol(AOH),altertoxin-II(ATX-II)and a complex extract(CE)of an Alternaria alternata *** Ishikawa cells as an in vitro model,we monitored alterations in toxin concentrations by LC-MS/MS,estrogenicity by alkaline phosphatase assays,cytotoxicity by sulforhodamine B assays,genotoxicity by single-cell gel electrophoresis and the transcription of selected genes of interest by quantitative realtime *** results indicate that the strong genotoxic effects of epoxide-carrying perylene quinones such as ATX-II are erased in the presence of *** cellular effects of ATX-II/AOH mixtures are dominated by the genotoxicity of the perylene *** this mixture,AOH regained its estrogenicity when coincubated with *** contrast,NAC treatment of an AOH/CE mixture did not result in a recovery of estrogenicity,but in potentiated anti-estrogenic *** findings were in line with gene transcription data,that indicated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)to be a prime mediator of Alternaria toxin e induced antagonistic effects towards estrogen receptor *** together,further studies on potential endocrine-disruptive properties of non-genotoxic perylene quinones should be a future research priority in the field of these emerging contaminants.

关键词： Mycotoxin DNA damage Xenoestrogen Combinatory toxicology Food contaminant Mixture effects

Designing Sustainable Airport Ground Access/Egress Systems Supported by Fast-Time Modeling

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2010年第9期4卷 32-46页

作者： Milan Stefanik benedikt Badanik Martin Matas Department o fAir Transport Faculty of Operations and Economics of Transport and Communications University of Zilina Univerzitna 1 010 26 Zilina Slovakia

The problems of airport landside capacity assessment are of industry-wide interest. Evaluation of landside capacity enables airport operators and airport designers to identify passenger and baggage flow bottlenecks, identify the primary cause of bottlenecks formation and take measures mitigating the impact of bottlenecks on the airport terminal operation. Many studies dealing with the problems of airport landside capacity are focused mainly on the processing part of the airport terminal and consider the airport terminal to be an isolated system. Even the most of models of airport landside operations developed using various simulation （both generic and dedicated） software packages （e.g., PaxSim, SLAM, WITNESS, ARENA or EXTEND） are designed for simulating the passenger and baggage flows only between curb-side and apron. Although this approach provides valuable data concerning capacity, delays or processing bottlenecks, in some cases identified capacity constraints are only the symptoms of the actual problem. In order to discover the cause of the problem, it is necessary to consider the airport terminal as an integral part of much more complex regional, national or international transportation system. This article reflects the above mentioned requirements and introduces an innovative approach to passenger and baggage flow simulation based on the fact that airport terminal is considered as an integral part of air passenger door-to-door transportation process.

关键词： Sustainability fast-time simulations traffic flows modeling airport ground access airport landside capacity enhancement door-to-door transportation process.

Collecting volunteered geographic information from the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS):experiences from the CAMALIOT project

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 2818-2841页

作者： Linda See benedikt Soja Grzegorz Klopotek Tobias Sturn Rudi Weinacker Santosh Karanam Ivelina Georgieva Yuanxin Pan Laura Crocetti Markus Rothacher Vicente Navarro Steffen Fritz Ian McCallum Novel Data Ecosystems for Sustainability Research Group International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)LaxenburgAustria Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Navigation Science Office European Space Agency(ESA)MadridSpain

Raw observations(carrier-phase and code observations)from the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)can now be accessed from Android mobile phones(Version 7.0 onwards).This paves the way for GNSS data to be utilized for low-cost precise positioning or in ionospheric or tropospheric *** paper presents results from data collection campaigns using the CAMALIOT mobile *** the frst campaign,116.3 billion measurements from 11,828 mobile devices were collected from all *** participation decreased during the second campaign,data are still being collected *** this contribution,we demonstrate the potential of volunteered geographic information(VGl)from mobile phones to fill data gaps in geodetic station networks that collect GNSS data,*** Brazil,but also how the data can provide a denser set of observations than current networks in countries across *** also show that mobile phones capable of dual-frequency reception,which is an emerging technology that can provide a richer source of GNSS data,are contributing in a substantial ***,we present the results from a survey of participants to indicate that participation is diverse in terms of backgrounds and geography,where the dominant motivation for participation is to contribute to scientific research.

关键词： Citizen science crowdsourcing volunteered geographicinformation(VGl) global navigation satellite system(GNSS) mobile apps Earth observation

Screening agars for MRSA:evaluation of a stepwise diagnostic approach with two different selective agars for the screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

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Military Medical Research 2015年第4期3卷 213-219页

作者： Volker Micheel benedikt Hogan Thomas Koller Philipp Warnke Sabine Crusius Rebecca Hinz Ralf Matthias Hagen Norbert Georg Schwarz Hagen Frickmann Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Institute for Microbiology Virology and Hygiene University Medicine Rostock

Background: Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) poses a hygiene risk that does not spare field hospitals or military medical field camps during military deployments. Diagnostic options for unambiguously identifying MRSA isolates are usually scarce in military environments. In this study, we assessed the stepwise application of two different selective agars for the specific identification of MRSA in screening ***: Nasal swabs from 1,541 volunteers were subjected to thioglycollate broth enrichment and subsequently screened on CHROMagar MRSA selective agar for the identification of MRSA. The MRSA identity of suspiciouslooking colonies was confirmed afterwards or excluded by another selective agar, chrom ID MRSA. All isolates from the selective agars with MRSA-specific colony morphology were identified by biochemical methods and mass ***: The initial CHROMagar MRSA screening identified suspicious colonies in 36 out of 1541 samples. A total of 25 of these 36 isolates showed MRSA-like growth on chrom ID agar. Out of these 25 isolates, 24 were confirmed as MRSA, while one isolate was identified as Staphylococcus kloosii. From the 11 strains that did not show suspicious growth on chrom ID agar, 3 were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA, with one instance of cocolonization with Corynebacterium spp.), 2 were confirmed as MRSA(with 1 instance of co-colonization with MSSA), 2 were lost during passaging and could not be re-cultured, one could not be identified by the applied approaches, and the remaining 3 strains were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus hominis(co-colonized with Macrococcus caseolyticus) and Staphylococcus cohnii, ***: The application of the selective agar CHROMagar MRSA alone proved to be too non-specific to allow for a reliable diagnosis of the presence of MRSA. The combined use of two selective agars in a stepwise approach reduced this non-s

关键词： Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Selective agar Chromogenic agar Screening Hygiene Stepwise diagnostics CHROMagar Chrom ID agar

Drying of products having paste-like phases or pasty consistencies in vertical process dryers

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Drying of products having paste-like phases or pasty consist...