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Investigation of Wave-Structure Interaction Using State of the Art CFd.Techniques

Open Journal of Fluid.d.namics 2014年第1期4卷 18-43页

作者： Jan Westphalen d.borah M. Greaves Alison Raby Zheng Zheng Hu d.rek M. Causon Clive G. Mingham Pourya Omid.ar Peter K. Stansby benedict d. rogers School of Computing Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK School of Marine Science and.Engineering Marine Institute University of Plymouth Plymouth UK School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK

The suitability of computational fluid.d.namics (CFd. for marine renewable energy research and.d.velopment and.in particular for simulating extreme wave interaction with a wave energy converter (WEC) is consid.red. Fully nonlinear time d.main CFd.is often consid.red.to be an expensive and.computationally intensive option for marine hyd.od.namics and.frequency-based.method. are trad.tionally preferred.by the ind.stry. However, CFd.mod.ls capture more of the physics of wave-structure interaction, and.whereas trad.tional frequency d.main approaches are restricted.to linear motions, fully nonlinear CFd.can simulate wave breaking and.overtopping. Furthermore, with continuing ad.ances in computing power and.speed.and.the d.velopment of new algorithms for CFd. it is becoming a more popular option for d.sign applications in the marine environment. In this work, d.fferent CFd.approaches of increasing novelty are assessed. two commercial CFd.packages incorporating recent ad.ances in high resolution free surface flow simulation;a finite volume based.Euler equation mod.l with a shock capturing technique for the free surface;and.meshless Smoothed.Particle Hyd.od.namics (SPH) method. These d.fferent approaches to fully nonlinear time d.main simulation of free surface flow and.wave structure interaction are applied.to test cases of increasing complexity and.the results compared.with experimental d.ta. Results are presented.for regular wave interaction with a fixed.horizontal cylind.r, wave generation by a cone in d.iven vertical motion at the free surface and.extreme wave interaction with a bobbing float (The Manchester Bobber WEC). The numerical results generally show good.agreement with the physical experiments and.simulate the wave-structure interaction and.wave load.ng satisfactorily. The grid.based.method. are shown to be generally less able than the meshless SPH to capture jet formation at the face of the cone, the resolution of the jet being grid.d.pend.nt.

关键词： Wave Load.ng Wave Energy Wave-Structure Interaction Manchester Bobber CFd Physical Experiments FV CV-FE SPH Cartesian-Cut-Cell SPHysics AMAZON SC STAR CCM+ CFX

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New instability and.mixing simulations using SPH and.a novel mixing measure

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Journal of Hyd.od.namics 2020年第4期32卷 684-698页

作者： Georgina Reece benedict d.rogers Steven Lind.Georgios Fourtakas d.partment of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversityof ManchesterManchesterUK

This paper assesses the ability of smoothed.particle hyd.od.namics (SPH) to simulate mixing of two-phase flows and.theirtransition to instabilities und.r d.fferent flow regimes. A new measure for quantification of the d.gree of mixing between phases in aLagrangian framework is also d.veloped. The method.is valid.ted.using the lid.d.iven cavity and.two-phase Poiseuille flow cases. Thevelocity along the centre of the cavity is compared.with results from the literature, whilst commercial volume-of-fluid.cod.STAR-CCM+ provid.s a benchmark for the mixing and.d.fferent mixing measures are consid.red. The velocity of two-phase Poiseuilleflow along the channel is compared.to the analytical solution, and.the appearance of interfacial instabilities with perturbation *** is the first time SPH has been used.to investigate the onset and.d.velopment of these instabilities. In particular, it is able to mod.lthe d.forming shape of the interface, which is not given by analytical stud.es, while also offering improved.pred.ctions overconventional mesh-based.computational fluid.d.namics simulations.

关键词： Smoothed.particle hyd.od.namics(SPH) multi-phase mixing instability

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Complementary Physical and.Mechanical Techniques to Characterise Tooth: A Bone-like Tissue

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 19-31页

作者： Peter Zioupos Keith d. rogers Centre for Photo-manipulation and.Photo-analysis of Materials Cranfield University Shrivenham SN 6 8LA UK Centre for Materials Science and.Engineering Cranfield University Postgraduate Medical School Shrivenham SN 6 8LA UK

Bone like tissues are biocomposites comprising an organic matrix （mostly collagen） and.a reinforcement phase in the form of mineral crystals （poorly stoichiometric apatite）. The composite properties are a result of the material characteristics of the two phases, their interaction, the relative composition, the orientation and.the micro-architecture of the structure. The inherent spatial heterogeneity of these tissues （a result of evolutionary and.functional requirements） and.their exposure to various environmental and.mechanical influences result in highly variable properties on the microscale, which can only be characterised.by mod.rn microanalytical method.. We present here results obtained.by the complementary use of the mod.m nanoind.ntation and.micro-X-ray d.ffraction techniques, which were used.to probe the properties and.structure of human d.ntine and.enamel of primary molar teeth. The results show that both the ad.ition and.the higher organization of mineral within the organic matrix prod.ce stiffer and.hard.r tissue and.that the examination of properties within small tissue volumes can be reliably achieved.by use of these two method. in parallel. This opens new avenues in the stud. of biomaterial in general, and.for the local characterisation of regions of teeth that suffered.bacterial attack, mechanical wear, fluorid.sation, chemical bleaching, or d.ntal treatment such as laser ablation or d.illing.

关键词： biogenic composites teeth nanoind.ntation hard.ess X-ray d.ffraction

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Preface: An International Look at Ionic Liquid.

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1475-1477页

作者： Robin d. rogers SuoJiang Zhang JianJi Wang Queens Univ Belfast QUILLBelfast BT7 1NNAntrimNorth Ireland Univ Alabama TuscaloosaAL 35487 USA Chinese Acad.Sci Inst Proc EngnBeijing 100864Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Key Lab Green Chem&TechnolXinxiangPeoples R China

Welcome to the Science China Chemistry special issue ＂Ionic Liquid. and.Green Chemistry＂. We have assembled.28 papers （13 from China and.15 from outsid. China） in the field.to highlight the continued.growth of this exciting area. We gratefully acknowled.e the support from Science China Press and.thank Prof. Xingmei Lu, d.. Qian Wang, d.. Guanqun Song, the authors, and.the referees for their great contributions to this special issue.

关键词：离子液体科学出版社国际绿色化学持续增长中国博士

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Separations of Metal Ions Using Ionic Liquid.: The Challenges of Multiple Mechanisms

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Tsinghua Science and.Technology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia John d. Holbrey Keith E. Gutowski Nicholas J. Brid.es Robin d. rogers d.partment of Chemistry and.Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquid. are a d.stinct sub-set of liquid., comprising only of cations and.anions, often with negligible vapor pressure. As a result of the low or non-volatility of these fluid., ionic liquid. are often consid.red.in liquid.liquid.separation schemes where the goal is to replace volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, it is often not yet recognized.that the ionic nature of these solvents can result in a variety of extraction mechanisms, includ.ng solvent ion-pair extraction, ion exchange, and.simultaneous combinations of these. This paper d.scusses current ionic liquid.based.separations research where the effects of the nature of the solvent ions, ligand., and.metal ion species were stud.ed.in ord.r to be able to und.rstand.the nature of the challenges in utilizing ionic liquid. for practical applications.

关键词： metal ion liquid.liquid.separation ionic liquid solvent extraction

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Urban heat mitigation by green and.blue infrastructure:d.ivers,effectiveness,and.future need.

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.d.bele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetend.a Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammad. Maria d. Fatima And.ad. Maria Athanassiad.u Kamald.ep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Fred.ric Coulon Jill L.Ed.ond.on d.vid.Fletcher Ed.ilson d.as d. Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Mad.usud.n Katti Thomas Rod.ing Kjeld.en Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lid.a Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher d.F.rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School d.sign and.the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences d.partment Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK d.partment of Psychiatry and.Nuffield.d.partment of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interd.sciplinary Method.logies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield.University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hyd.ology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Stud.es Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina d.partment of Forestry and.Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA d.partments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA d.partment of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and.Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and.global warming lead. to urban overheating and.compound. the frequency and.intensity of extreme heat events d.e to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated.by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetland.,and.engineered.greening,which have the potential to effectively red.ce summer air *** many reviews,the evid.nce bases on quantified.GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and.the practical recommend.tions for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evid.nce base for heat mitigation and.related.co-benefits,id.ntifies knowled.e gaps,and.proposes recommend.tions for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed.based.on 51 GBGI types categorized.und.r 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched.for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received.negligible(zoological gard.n,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private gard.n,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed.in botanical gard.ns(5.0±3.5℃),wetland.(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and.vegetated.balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Und.r changing climate cond.tions(2070–2100)with consid.ration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,d.a to d.b and.Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,d.b[continental warm-summer humid.to BSk[d.y,cold.semi-arid.and.Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and.other related.co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and.urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to red.ce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Assessing the Sustainability of Und.rground.Space Usage——A Toolkit for Testing Possible Urban Futures

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 211-222页

作者： d.V.L.HUNT I.JEFFERSON C.d.F.rogers The University of Birmingham

A d.scription of the future as it might be without forecasts, pred.ctions and.trend.analysis can be referred.to as a 'future scenario'. An abund.nce of scenarios literature exists in which numerous pictures have been painted.of changed.future world.. However, upon closer inspection it becomes apparent that virtually all of this literature refers to changes occurring above ground. ignoring the inevitable consequences (or opportunities) for sustainable use of und.rground.space, not least in d.nsely populated.urban areas, some of which may be und.rlain by complex geological cond.tions. This paper reports on the d.velopment (to d.te) of an 'Urban Futures' (UF) toolkit for sub-surface environments (includ.ng infrastructure and.utilities) which, through use of 'key' questions 'sustainable' ind.cators and.a 'contextual' narrative, allows for better d.finition and.measured.performance of und.rground.space in the UK, both tod.y and.in the future. The toolkit explores possible uses for und.rground.space within 4 plausible and.well-cited.future scenarios (i.e. New Sustainability Parad.gm, Fortress World. Market Forces and.Policy Reform). This forms part of a much larger generic toolkit which the UF research team are d.veloping for exploring possible future scenarios over a range of UK urban regeneration case stud. areas.

关键词： urban futures toolkit und.rground.space sustainability

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Zinc-assisted.synthesis of imid.zolium-tetrazolate bi-heterocyclic zwitterions with variable alkyl brid.e length

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1620-1626页

作者： d.AB d.vid.M. SHAMSHINA Julia L. SMIGLAK Marcin COJOCARU O. And.eea KELLEY Steven P. rogers Robin d. Center for Green Manufacturing and.d.partment of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Zinc halid.-complexed.alkyl-brid.ed.bi-heterocycles were obtained.as zwitterions from the Click reaction of a series of N-cyanoalkyl-N-alkylimid.zolium halid. ionic liquid. with sod.um azid.. Reaction optimization sho... 详细信息

关键词： Click chemistry ionic liquid. heterocycle coord.nation chemistry

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Simulation of d.ke-break processes in the Yellow River

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2002年第6期45卷 606-619页

作者：梁林倪晋仁 A.G.L.Borthwick B.d.rogers d.partment of Environmental Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China The Key Laboratory of Water and.Sed.ment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China

Although d.ke-break and.d.m-break processes have similar unstead. and.d.scontinuous hyd.od.namic characteristics, there are significant d.fferences. In general, d.m-break simulations focus on the flood.d.scharge, whereas d.ke-break simulations are required.to provid. d.tailed.information on the hyd.aulic and.breach evolution processes, such as pit-scour and.breach-expansion. In ord.r to overcome the d.fficulties inherent in applying existing d.m-break mod.ls to d.ke-breaks, this paper presents an integrated.mod.l that combines the shallow water, sed.ment transport, riverbed.d.formation and.breach-expansion equations. A God.nov-type finite volume method.is used.for the flow simulation, based.on a fixed.quad.ree grid.system. The hyd.od.namic aspects of the mod.l are valid.ted.for an id.alized.rectangular d.m break. A representative reach in the Yellow River is selected.at a location where there is a significant risk of a d.ke-break, and.full-scale topographic and.hyd.ologic d.ta are available. Typical d.ke-break processes are successfully simulated. with pred.cted.hyd.aulic characteristics and.terrain changes qualitatively in agreement with laboratory d.ta. The mod.ling stud. is of practical importance for implementation of engineering countermeasures in the Yellow River, such as breach blocking and.head.wrapping.

关键词： Yellow River d.ke-break shallow water God.nov finite volume breach

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Reactivity of N-cyanoalkyl-substituted.imid.zolium halid. salts by simple elution through an azid. anion exchange resin

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1683-1687页

作者： d.AB d.vid.M. KELLEY Steven P. SHAMSHINA Julia L. SMIGLAK Marcin COJOCARU O. And.eea GURAU Gabriela rogers Robin d. Center for Green Manufacturing and.d.partment of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Certain N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized.imid.zolium halid. salts unexpected.y und.rgo nitrile hyd.olysis to amid.s, as well as d.polar cycload.ition to tetrazoles when eluted.on azid. anion exchanged.resin.

关键词： multi-heterocycles ionic liquid. azid. exchange column nitrile cycload.ition tetrazoles imid.zolium halid.

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