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Low-dose tacrolimus ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in steroid refractory autoimmune hepatitis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第23期13卷 3232-3236页

作者： Fin Stolze Larsen ben vainer Martin Eefsen Peter Nissen Bjerring bent Adel Hansen Department of Hepatology RigshospitaletUniversity Hospital of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Department of Pathology RigshospitaletUniversity Hospital of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

AIM: To determine the eff icacy of tacrolimus on clinical status, histopathological status and biochemical markers in patients with steroid refractory autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS: Retrospectively, clinical parameters, biochemistry and histology were obtained from patient records. RESULTS: Nine patients [8 females/1 male, median age 32 (range 16-64) years] were identified to have received tacrolimus for a median duration of 18 (12-37) mo. Before initiation of tacrolimus treatment the patients were maintained on a prednisolone dose of 20 mg daily (range 20-80 mg/d), which was tapered to 7.5 (5-12.5) mg/d (P = 0.004). Alanine aminotransferase and immunoglobulin-G concentrations decreased from 154 (100-475) to 47(22-61) U/L (P = 0.007), and from 16 (10-30.2) to 14.5 (8.4-20) g/L (P = 0.032), respectively. All patients showed improvement of the liver inflammatory activity, as determined by the Ishak score (P = 0.016), while the degree of f ibrosis tended to decrease (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION: The use of low dose tacrolimus can lead to biochemical and histologic improvement of inflammation with no progression of the stage of f ibrosis in patients with steroid refractory AIH. Low dose tacrolimus therapy also allows substantial reduction of prednisone dose.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Tacrolimus Prednisone Azathioprine Mycophenolate mofetil Liver failure

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A Second Order Transition in a Neuron Grid

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Journal of Electrical Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 23-27页

作者： R.Thieberger A.Rabinovitch A.vainer Aviram Y.Biton D.Braunstein Physics Department Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105Israel Sami Shamoon College of Engineering Beer-Sheva 84100Israel

We perform a simple calculation of a classical cellular automata model based on two types of cells (neurons), excitatory and inhibitory ones, randomly distributed in a 2D space. The only varying parameter is the percentage of inhibitory neurons. Even under such simple conditions, we obtain a transition between two states (which we conjecture to be normal and epileptic). The difference between these states are manifested both in the neuronal activity amplitude and in their frequency. The amplitude changes are shown to be similar to those obtained in a tonic-clonic seizure.

关键词： Cellular automata epilepsy seizures neurons

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