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Characteristics of soil quality attributes under different agroecosystems and its implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 303-313页

作者： Demeku MESFIN Engdawork ASSEFA belay simane College of Development Studies Center for Environment and DevelopmentAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Social Science and Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental StudiesWolaita Sodo UniversityWolaita Sodo 4620Ethiopia

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems(AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples(0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented(AES 1),midland plain with black soil(AES 2), midland plain with brown soil(AES 3),sloppy midland land(AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands(AES 5).Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant(P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation,p H, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous(P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7%(total porosity) to 169%(available P) across the AES. Although AES 2and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： Agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator

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Farmers’perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the Dabus watershed,North-West Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 65-77页

作者： Paulos Asrat belay simane College of Development Studies Center for Environment and Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:This study is aimed at analyzing farmers’perception and adaptation to climate change in the Dabus *** is based on analysis of data collected from 734 randomly selected farm household heads substantiated with Focus Group Discussions and field ***:The study employed descriptive methods to assess farmers’perception of climate change,local indicators of climate change and types of adaptation measures exercised to cope up with the risk of the change in *** study also employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyze the two-step process of adaptation to climate change which initially requires farmers’perception that climate is changing prior to responding to the changes through adaptation ***:Based on the model result educational attainment,the age of the head of the household,the number of crop failures in the past,changes in temperature and precipitation significantly influenced farmers’perception of climate change in wet lowland parts of the study *** dry lowland condition,farming experience,climate information,duration of food shortage,and the number of crop failures experienced determined farmers’perception of climate ***’adaptation decision in both the wet and dry lowland conditions is influenced by household size,the gender of household head,cultivated land size,education,farm experience,non-farm income,income from livestock,climate information,extension advice,farm-home distance and number of ***,the direction of influence and significance level of most of the explanatory variables vary between the two parts of the study ***:In line with the results,any intervention that promotes the use of adaptation measures to climate change may account for location-specific factors that determine farmers'perception of climate change and adaptive responses thereof.

关键词： Climate change Perception Adaptation Heckman sample selection model

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Does adaptation to climate change and variability provide household food security?Evidence from Muger sub-basin of the upper Blue-Nile,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 124-135页

作者： Abayineh Amare belay simane College of Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associated impact of adoption of adaptation options to climate change and variability on household food security in the Muger sub-basin of the upper Blue-Nile of Ethiopia using a comprehensive data of 442 sampled households from four representative districts’in the *** study used a propensity score matching approach to evaluate the impact of adaptation options on household food ***:Results show that the decision to adopt adaptation options is found to be positively influenced by male household heads,family size,access to extension service,the size of landholding,and frequency of drought and floods over the past many *** results further reveal that farmers adopting any of the adaptation options had higher food calorie intake per day per adult equivalent than those who did ***:A policy that promotes the adoption of soil and water conservation measures,small-scale irrigation,agronomic practices,and livelihood diversification strategies should be central to food security strategy in the study area.

关键词： Food security Impact Adaptation Climate change Muger sub-basin

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Vulnerability analysis of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change: an agroecological system-based approach in the Fincha’a sub-basin of the upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 49-66页

作者： Israel Tessema belay simane Center for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Environmental Engineering College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAddis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Ethiopia is frequently cited as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and *** country’s high vulnerability arises mostly from climate-sensitive agricultural sector that suffers a lot from risks associated with rainfall *** vulnerability factors(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of the agricultural livelihoods to climate variability and change differ across agro-ecological systems(AESs).Therefore,the aim of this study was to analyze AES-specific vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in the Fincha’a *** surveyed 380 respondents from 4 AESs(highland,midland,wetland,and lowland)randomly ***,focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also performed to supplement and substantiate the quantitative *** vulnerability index was employed to analyze the levels of smallholders’agriculture vulnerability to climate variability and *** on socioeconomic and biophysical attribute were collected and combined into the indices and vulnerability score was calculated for each agro-ecological ***:Considerable variation was observed across the agro-ecological systems in profile,indicator,and the three livelihood vulnerability indices-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change dimensions(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of *** lowland AES exhibited higher exposure,low adaptive capacity,and high vulnerability,while the midland AES demonstrated lower exposure,higher adaptive capacity,and lower *** wetland and highland AESs scored intermediate ***:Our results suggest that resilience-building adaptation strategies are vital to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder *** measures taken should consider site-specific agro-ecological system requirements to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder mixed crop-livestock agriculture *** the approach based on the long-term rea

关键词： Vulnerability index Exposure Sensitivity Adaptation capacity Fincha’a sub-basin

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Climate Change Induced Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers: Agroecology-Based Analysis in the Muger Sub-Basin of the Upper Blue-Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第4期6卷 668-693页

作者： Abayineh Amare belay simane College of Development Studies Centre for Environment and Development Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Ethiopia is also frequently identified as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. The potential adverse effects of climate change on Ethiopia’s agricultural sector are a major concern, particularly given the country’s dependence on agricultural production, which is sensitive to climate change and variability. This problem calls the need to understand agroecology based vulnerability to climate change and variability to better adapt to climate risks and promote strategies for local communities so as to enhance food security. The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the level of vulnerability of smallholder farmers’ to climate change and variability from three agroecology representing Muger River sub-Basin of the upper Blue Nile basin using Livelihood Vulnerability Index. The research used quantitative and qualitative data collected through Focussed Group Discussions, key informant interviews and a questionnaire survey of 442 sampled households across three different agro-ecologies in the sub-basin. The results reveal that along with the different agro-ecological zone, households and communities experienced different degrees of climate vulnerability. These differences are largely explained by differences in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers. The livelihood vulnerability analysis reveals that Kolla agroecology exhibits relatively low adaptive capacity, higher sensitivity and higher exposure to climate change and variability that is deemed to be the most vulnerable agroecology. These contributing factors to a vulnerability in Kolla agroecology are largely influenced by assets, livelihood diversification, innovation, infrastructure, socio-demographic factors, social capital, agriculture, food security, and natural disasters and climate variability. The result furthermore shows that Dega agroecology has least vulnerable owing to its higher adaptive capacity. These results suggest that designing a

关键词： Vulnerability Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive Capacity Muger Sub-Basin

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Adapting Smallholder Agriculture to Climate Change through Sustainable Land Management Practices： Empirical Evidence from North-West Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2017年第5期7卷 289-301页

作者： Paulos Asrat belay simane College of Development Studies Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 56649 AddisAbaba Ethiopia

The objective of this paper was to determine the factors that influence farmers＇ decision to use two categories of sustainable land management （SLM） practices as adaptation strategy to climate change in the North-West Ethiopia. It was based on analysis of data collected from 734 farm household heads and employed probit regression model to analyze the determinants of adaptation to climate change through SLM measures. Based on the model result, factors, like perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation techniques, education, perception of land degradation, slope, land prone to degradation, number of parcels, crop enterprise income, land size, farm distance, economically active family size and agro-ecology are found important in determining farmers＇ decision to use structural land management practices. Likewise, perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation, farming experience, slope, crop enterprise income, land prone to degradation and agro-ecology are found important in affecting farmers＇ decision to use non-structural land management practices as adaptation measure. Therefore, in line with the findings of the analysis, any intervention that promotes use of land management practices as adaptation strategy should take into account agro-ecology specific factors that are relevant to the nature of the land management practices. Moreover, since scaling up of SLM practices as adaptation strategy is resource intensive, it requires both public and non-public investment for providing technological support and raising awareness. Failure to do so would adversely affect crop productivity and exacerbate food insecurity problems at farm household level.

关键词： Climate change adaptation sustainable land management structural/physical and non-structural land management.

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Assessment of Household Food Security in the Face of Climate Change and Variability in the Upper Blue-Nile of Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2017年第4期7卷 285-300页

作者： Abayineh Amare belay simane Centre for Environment and Development College of Development Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia

It is widely recognized that climate variability and frequent droughts resulting from E1-Nino phenomenon are among the major risk factors affecting agricultural production that might contribute to hunger and food insecurity in East Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular. The objectives of the present study were to examine the food security status and determinants of household food security among 442 randomly selected households in the Muger sub-basin of the Blue-Nile basin using household survey, focus group discussion （FGD） and key informant interview data collection methods. Both descriptive statistics （mean, chi-square test and t-test） and binary logit econometric model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 57.8% of the households are food secure, while the remaining 42.2% of the households are food insecure. The binary logit regression results revealed that adoption of soil conservation, small-scale irrigation and employing different agronomic practices are important factors influencing household food security. Moreover, land holding and livestock ownership positively and significantly affected household＇s food security. The results further showed that family size and distance to the nearest market are important factors affecting food security in the inverse direction. The results highlighted careful investments on sustainable land management practices and small-scale irrigation that reduced sensitivity and increased the adaptive capacity of small_holder farmers to the adverse effect of climate change and variability. This study further highlighted the significance of livestock ownership and landholding in attaining food security under changing climate. The irmdings call for action based on advocacy family planning to curb population growth and invest in creating functional value-chain that help farmers＇ viable market for their produces.

关键词： Food security climate change drought determinant.

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Characterizing Vulnerability of Crop-Based Rural Systems to Climate Change and Variability: Agro-Ecology Specific Empirical Evidence from the Dabus Watershed, North-West Ethiopia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第4期6卷 643-667页

作者： Paulos Asrat belay simane College of Development Studies Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Climate change is impacting climate sensitive rural livelihood systems. Exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of agricultural livelihoods to climate variability and change differ across agro-ecologies and these pose a challenge to climate resilient development strategy. This study assesses agro-ecology specific vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability in the Dabus Watershed (North-west Ethiopia), based on a survey of 734 farm households complemented with focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Recognizing the physiographic and climatic diversity that exists across agro-ecologies in the study area, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) framed within the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability framework (LVI-IPCC) is adapted to assess agro-ecology specific vulnerability in two local agro-ecologies, namely wet lowland and dry lowland. For each agro-ecology, exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indices as well as LVI-IPCC vulnerability score was calculated. The result shows that the dry lowland agro-ecology has a relatively higher exposure and sensitivity to climate stresses with a comparatively limited adaptive capability. On the other hand, the wet lowland agro-ecology exhibits intermediate vulnerability with a relatively lower perceived exposure and higher adaptive capacity. Higher exposure relative to adaptive capacity resulted in a positive LVI-IPCC score in the dry lowland agro-ecology and positioned it in more vulnerable level than the wet lowland. A higher adaptive capacity relative to exposure unveils a negative LVI-IPCC score for the wet lowland agro-ecology and positioned it in a moderate vulnerability category. In line with the findings, there is a need to set agro-ecology specific priorities for intervention that is most needed to cop up with the effects of climate variability and change in each agro-ecology. Climate risk exposure levels can be reduced through time

关键词： Ethiopia Climate Change Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive Capacity Vulnerability Agro-Ecology

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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Watershed Management Intervention in Chena Woreda, Kaffa Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第15期7卷 1257-1269页

作者： Yericho Berhanu Meshesha belay simane Birhanu School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia College of Development Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The main purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of watershed management intervention in Chena Woreda. A systematic sampling technique was used to select sample micro-watersheds, and random sampling method was used to select individual households from both intervention and non-intervention areas. Data were collected through field observation, household questionnaire survey, focused group discussion, in-depth interview and key informant interview. Moreover, physical soil and water conservation structures’ layout measurement was conducted. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test and participation index were used for data analyses. The study revealed that the intervention has good achievements in reducing soil erosion, improving water availability and quality, developing tree plantation and diversifying household income sources in the catchment. However, poor community participation, lack of the structures design alignment with standards, inappropriate time of implementation, lack of diversified soil water conservation measures, absence of regular maintenance and management of the structures were some of the major limitation of the intervention. Therefore, this study recommends that the stake-holders should make appropriate correction measures for observed failures and further interdisciplinary study should be conducted to explore the problems.

关键词： Chena Woreda Effectiveness Intervention Standards Watershed Management

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The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Production in Ethiopia: Application of a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第1期10卷 32-50页

作者： Rahel Solomon belay simane Benjamin F. Zaitchik Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Development Studies Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.

关键词： Adaptation Climate Change Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model

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