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Operationalizing Adolescent Health Services at Primary Health Care Level in India: Processes, Challenges and Outputs

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Health 2017年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： beena nitin joshi Sanjay Laxman Chauhan Ragini nitin Kulkarni Babita Kamlapurkar Rajesh Mehta Department of Operational Research National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR) Mumbai India Department of Operational and Clinical Research National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR) Mumbai India Health and Family Welfare Bureau Government of Maharashtra Pune India Child and Adolescent Health WHO SEARO Office New Delhi India

Background: Ministry of Health, Government of India developed the Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) strategy and operationalized adolescent health services up to district and sub-district hospital level. Objectives: To operationalize adolescent health services at primary health care level in a block of Maharashtra;assess impact of need based interventions on quality of services;and understand potential for scalability in the state. Methods: Adolescent and Youth friendly centers were established at primary health care settings and interventions such as health system strengthening, sensitizing gatekeepers, involving Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), developing inter and intra-sectoral linkages, improving monitoring and evaluation were tested. Results: Over a period of 2009-2014, there was a steady increase in the number of clients attending the Adolescent and Youth Friendly Health Centers (A&YFHCs). Attitude of providers to address adolescents’ needs improved significantly. Successful interventions were networking with schools, colleges and Non Government Organization (NGOs), linkages with HIV program and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and involvement of ASHAs. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that although health system has the primary responsibility of addressing health issues among adolescents;it has limitations in terms of its reach to adolescents and generating demand for services. There is a need to network with education sector, ICDS, NGOs working for adolescent health and development to work as a team and address the multifaceted needs of the adolescents. Such a strategy will be crucial while implementing the recently launched Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram— the new national adolescent health programme in India.

关键词： Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Adolescent and Youth Friendly Health Services Quality of Care Standards Linkages

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White grubs, Holotrichia rustica and Holotrichia mucida （Coleoptera： Scarabaeidae） as pests of teak （Tectona grandis L. f.） seedlings

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Insect Science 2009年第6期16卷 519-525页

作者： nitin Kulkarni Sanjay Paunikar Kailash Chandra joshi John Rogers Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur India Research Connections and Consulting P.O. Box 350 Toowong Queensland 4066 Australia

Field observations were carried out between 2002 and 2005 on bio-ecology of white grubs infesting teak （Tectona grandis Linn. f.） seedlings at Ramdongari Forest Nursery, Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra, Nagpur in central India. The study collected the data required for an integrated pest management strategy against the white grubs. The species damaging teak seedlings were Holotrichia rustica （Burmeister） and H. mucida Gyllenhal. The beetles （adults） of both these species began to emerge just after the pre-monsoon showers and when the relative humidity had risen rapidly over several days, but before the first monsoon rains. While the adults fed and mated on naturally growing bushes of Ziziphus jujuba, Z mauritiana, Z. xylopyra, Acacia leucophloea and A. catechu immediately after the emergence from the teak beds in the nursery, the immature stages （grubs） of both species fed on roots of the teak seedling, leading to plant death. This is the first report of （i） damage caused to teak seedlings by grubs ofH. rustica and H. mucida, and （ii） of *** and Z. mauritiana being hosts for the beetles ofH. mucida and H, rustica. It is also the first detailed report on the field bio-ecology of the H. rustica and H. mucida as major pests ofteak. White grubs are among the toughest-to-manage pests of economic importance and information presented here on the pest incidence and damage ofH. rustica and H. mucida is important to researchers and nursery field managers for the management of these pests on teak.

关键词： adult emergence chafer beetles environmental factors incidence Indian scarabs insect pests Melolonthinae population density Ziziphus

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Influence of deposition rate on the structural, optical and electrical properties of electron beam evaporated SnO_2 thin films for transparent conducting electrode applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第8期39卷 20-26页

作者： nitin Kumar Bhawana joshi K.Asokan Department of Applied Physics Gautam Buddha University Materials Science Division Inter University Accelerator Centre

The role of deposition rate in the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnOthin films deposited by electron beam evaporation method is investigated by varying the deposition powers viz. 50, 75, and 100 *** structural characterization of the films is done by X-ray diffraction(XRD) technique. The surface morphology of the films is studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Rutherford back scattering(RBS) measurements revealed the thickness of the films ranging from 200 nm to 400 and also a change in the concentration of oxygen vacancies which is found to be the maximum in the film deposited at the lowest deposition rate. Optical absorption spectrum is recorded using the UV–V is spectroscopy and the films are found to be transparent in nature. A shift in the absorption edge is observed and is attributed to a different level of allowed energy states in conduction band minimum. The Hall effect and electrical measurements show a variation in the carrier concentrations, mobility and resistivity of the films. In order to explore a better compromise in electrical and optical properties for transparent electrode applications, skin depths calculations are also done to find the optimized values of carrier concentration and mobility.

关键词： SnO_2 oxygen vacancies carrier concentration deposition rate electron beam evaporation

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Progress in non-viral localized delivery of siRNA therapeutics for pulmonary diseases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1400-1428页

作者： Jingjing Gao Ziting Xia Dilrasbonu Vohidova John Joseph James N.Luo nitin joshi Center for Nanomedicine Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA 02115USA Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02115USA Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA 02115USA

Emerging therapies based on localized delivery of siRNA to lungs have opened up exciting possibilities for treatment of different lung *** delivery of siRNA to lungs has shown to result in severalfold higher lung accumulation than systemic route,while minimizing non-specific distribution in other ***,to date,only 2 clinical trials have explored localized delivery of siRNA for pulmonary *** we systematically reviewed recent advances in the field of pulmonary delivery of siRNA using non-viral *** firstly introduce the routes of local administration and analyze the anatomical and physiological barriers towards effective local delivery of siRNA in *** then discuss current progress in pulmonary delivery of siRNA for respiratory tract infections,chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,acute lung injury,and lung cancer,list outstanding questions,and highlight directions for future *** expect this review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current advances in pulmonary delivery of siRNA.

关键词： siRNA Non-viral delivery Injection routes Respiratory tract infections Particle pharmacokinetics Pulmonary inflammation Acute lung injury Lung cancer

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Incidence and management of white grub, Schizonycha ruficollis on seedlings of teak （Tectona grandis Linn, f,）

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 411-418页

作者： nitin KULKARNI KAILASH CHANDRA PRAFULLA NARAHAR WAGH KAILASH CHANDRA joshi RAM BHAJAN SINGH Forest Entomology Division Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur (M. P.) Central Regional Station Zoological Survey of India Vijay Nagar Jabalpur (M. P.) Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra Nagpur India

In investigation was conducted annually from 2002 to 2005 between the second week of May and the end of September on the incidence of scarab beetle, Schizonycha ruficollis （Fabricius） in a teak （Tectona grandis L.f.） nursery at Ramdongari, Nagpur, India. The immature stages, that is white grubs of the scarab beetle damaged 14%-52% of teak seedlings in the nursery beds, whereas the adult of the species, that is scarab beetles, were recorded on three new host trees （ Ziziphus xylopyra, Acacia catechu and A. leucophloea） in addition to the reported hosts such as ziziphus （Z. jujuba and Z. mauritiana）. Beetles of the S. ruficollis started emerging from the nursery beds just after the pre-monsoon showers and continued for 10-18 days. While beetle of S. ruficollis defoliated tree hosts available in the surroundings, the immature stages of the beetle caused major damage by feeding on root systerfls of teak seedlings with symptoms of wilting and mortality in forest nursery beds. The result of chemical and biological treatments for the management of grubs of S. ruficollis in nursery beds indicated phorate 10% granular at the rate of 20 g/m^2 and chlorpyriphos 20% emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 5.0 mL/m^2 to be effective. Grubs of S. ruficollis have not been recorded previously as a major pest of teak （T. grandis）. This is also the first report on occurrence of S. ruficollis adults on tree hosts such as Z. xylopyra, A. catechu and A. leucophloea. White grubs being pests of economic importance and the toughest insects to manage, information given in this paper on incidence, pest status and management of Schizonycha ruficollis is of importance to researchers and forest nursery managers.

关键词： bioecology Coleoptera field incidence forest nursery insect pest management,insecticides Melolonthinae Scarabaeidae

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Assessment of reproductive health service utilization in urban slums: Evidence from Western Rajasthan

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第2期12卷 52-57页

作者： Jyoti Sharma nitin Kumar joshi Yogesh Kumar Jain Kuldeep Singh Pankaj Bhardwaj School of Public Health All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpurIndia Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine and School of Public Health All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpurIndia

Objective:To assess the utilization of reproductive health services in urban slum of Jodhpur city,***:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slums of Jodhpur city amongst 300 married women of reproductive age between March and June ***-structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and information about utilization of antenatal care(ANC)services,delivery and post-partum ***:The majority of females were aged less than 25 years(n=195;65.0%),married after 18 years(n=240;80%),living in extended families(n=265;88.3%)and with monthly family income less than 10000 rupees(n=182;60.7%).Statistically significant associations were found between≥4 ANC visits and educational level of secondary and above(OR 2.47,95%CI 1.03–6.28;P=0.04),older age(OR 15.70,95%CI 14.87–16.54 for women aged 26-35 years,OR 16.14,95%CI 12.12–20.01 for women aged≥36 years;P<0.01),and backward and general castes(OR 15.91,95%CI 13.57–17.85 for backward caste and OR 8.11,95%CI 8.07–8.26 for general category of caste;P<0.01).Seven percent of females had undergone *** age was associated with higher risks of postpartum complications(OR 1.06,95%CI 1.01–1.57 for women aged 26-35 years,OR 3.56,95%CI 1.29–4.69 for women aged≥36 years;P<0.01).In addition,risks of postpartum complications were associated with backward and general castes(OR 1.69,95%CI 1.34–2.13 for backward classes and OR 5.01,95%CI 4.29–5.31 for general category castes;P<0.01),and more than 4 ANC visits(OR 0.20,95%CI 0.09–0.34;P<0.01).Conclusions:More frequent ANC visits are associated with a lower risk of postpartum ***,a high utilization of reproductive health services represents good implementation of reproductive and child health programme at the peripheral level resulting in a stark rise in maternal health indicators in the state of Rajasthan.

关键词： Female Pregnancy Maternal health Maternal health services Prenatal care Postpartum period Facilities and services utilization Health services accessibility

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Patent Vitellointestinal Duct: A Close Differential Diagnosis of Umbilical Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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Surgical Science 2011年第3期2卷 134-136页

作者： Saurabh Piparsaliya Milind joshi nitin Rajput Priti Zade 不详

Umbilical granuloma is a very common cause of umbilical discharge. It is managed by chemical cauterization or simple thread ligation. However, it can be a differential diagnosis of patent vitello intestinal duct and this should be ruled out before managing such patients. We report a case of a 10-week-old male infant referred by his General Practitioner for silver nitrate cauterisation, with a diagnosis of suspected umbilical granuloma (UG). The child underwent subsequent exploratory laparotomy and bowel anastomosis.

关键词： Umbilical Granuloma Patent Vitello Intestinal Duct Umbilical Discharge

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A six months old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation managed by closed reduction and Latarjet procedure

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2016年第5期19卷 295-297页

作者： Deepak Chaudhary Deepak joshi Vineet Jain Mukul Mohindra nitin Mehta Sports Injury Center Safdarjung Hospital and VMM College New Delhi India

A neglected shoulder dislocation is a rarer entity and only few cases are reported in the literature. An anterior dislocation of the shoulder is rarely missed as patients present with limb in abduction and external rotation, an attitude very familiar to orthopaedic surgeon. Occasionally such cases are missed when they present with fracture of proximal humerus or when they receive treatment from unqualified practitioners who commonly practise in rural areas. Owing to very few reports there is paucity of literature and no standard treatment protocol exists for neglected anterior dislocation of the shoulder. though most such chronic cases are managed by open reduction. This case report describes a six months old neglected anterior dislocation with a significant Hill Sachs lesion, which was managed by closed reduction and Latarjet procedure.

关键词： Shoulder dislocation Humeral fractures Latarjet procedure

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Purpura Fulminans in Infantile Streptococcal Septicemia

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Surgical Science 2011年第10期2卷 496-498页

作者： Saurabh Piparsania nitin Rajput Kuldeep Singh Priti Zade Milind joshi 不详

Purpura fulminans is a hemorrhagic condition associated predominantly with meningococcal and other gram negative septicemias. It occurs mainly in infants and younger children. Features include tissue necrosis, small vessel thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multi-organ failure and death. Other causes include clotting factor deficiencies and idiopathic varieties. The condition is uncommon due to gram positive bacterial sepsis. We report one such case with gram positive bacterial infection.

关键词： Purpura Fulminans Gram Positive Sepsis

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An Atypical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第3期4卷 173-176页

作者： Akshaya A. Shetty Anannya Mukherji Manohar joshi Sahil Fulara nitin Patel D. Y. Patil Hospital & Research Centre Nerul India

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves an immune mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis is a very variable condition and the symptoms depend on which areas of the CNS have been affected. There is no set pattern for MS and everyone with MS has a different set of symptoms, which vary from time to time and can change in severity and duration, even in the same person. Hence diagnosing MS at the earliest is very essential. Therefore we report an unusual case of a 30-year-old female with complaints of headache, vomiting & hiccups since 2 months followed by weakness of bilateral lower limbs and later upper limbs which eventually were diagnosed as Multiple Sclerosis. We are reporting this case because of the vague clinical presentation of Multiple Sclerosis. Aim: To recognize the symptoms of MS at the earliest and start treatment early.

关键词： Multiple Sclerosis Demyelination Headache

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