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Small size does not restrain frugivory and seed dispersal across the evolutionary radiation of Galapagos lava lizards

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 353-361页

作者： Sandra HERVIAS-PAREJO Ruben HELENO Beatriz RUMEU beatriz GUZMAN Pablo VARGAS Jens M. OLESEN Anna TRAVESET Carlos VERA Edgar BENAVIDES Manuel NOGALES Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats (CSIC-UIB) Global Change Research Group Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Portugal Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC-RJB) Madrid Spain Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark Galapagos National Park Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Galapagos Ecuador Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University USA lnstituto de Productos Naturales Agrobiologia (CSIC-IPNA) Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Canary Islands Spain

Frugivory in lizards is often assumed to be constrained by body size;only large individuals are considered capable of consuming fruits, with the potential of acting as seed dispersers. However, only one previous study has tested the correlation of frugivory with body and head size at an archipelago scale across closely related species. All nine lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) were studied on the eleven largest Galapagos islands from 2010 to 2016 to investigate whether frugivory is related to body and head size. We also tested whether fruit abunda nee in flue nces fruit con sumption and explored the effect of seed ingestion on seedling emergence time and percentage. Our results showed that across islands, lava lizards varied considerably in size (64-102 mm in mean snoutvent length) and level of frugivory (1-23%, i.e., percentage of droppings with seeds). However, level of frugivory was only weakly affected by size as fruit consumption was also common among small lizards. Lava lizards consumed fruits throughout the year and factors other than fruit abundance may be more importa nt drivers of fruit selecti on (e.g., fruit size, energy con tent of pulp). From 2,530 droppings, 1,714 seeds of at least 61 plant species were identified, 76% of the species being native to the Galapagos. Most seeds (91%) showed no external structural damage. Seedling emergence time (44 versus 118 days) and percentage (20% versus 12%) were enhanced for lizardingested seeds compared to control (uningested) fruits. De-pulping by lizards (i.e., removal of pulp with potential germi nation inhibitors) might in crease the chances that at least some seeds find suitable recruitment conditi ons. We con eluded that lizards are importa nt seed dispersers throughout the year and across the whole archipelago, regardless of body size.

关键词： Microlophus oceanic islands plant-animal interactions seed disperser size seed dispersal effectiveness seedling emergence

Folate Metabolism Interferes with Plant Immunity through 1C Methionine Synthase-Directed Genome-wide DNA Methylation Enhancement

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1227-1242页

作者： beatriz Gonzalez Pablo Vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.I.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8EIngeniero Fausto Elios/n.46022 ValenciaSpain

Plants rely on primary metabolism for flexible adaptation to environmental changes.Here,through a combination of chemical genetics and forward genetic studies in Arabidopsis plants,we identified that the essential folate metabolic pathway exerts a salicylic acid-independent negative control on plant immunity.Disruption of the folate pathway promotes enhanced resistance to Pseudom onas syringae DC3000 via activation of a primed immune state in plants,whereas its implementation results in enhanced susceptibHity.Comparative proteomics analysis using immune-defective mutants identified a methionine synthase(METS1),in charge of the synthesis of Met through the folate-dependent 1C metabolism,acting as a nexus between the folate pathway and plant immunity.Overexpression of METS1 represses plant immunity and is accompanied by genome-wide global increase in DNA methylation,revealing that imposing a methylation pressure at the genomic level compromises plant immunity.Take together,these results indicate that the folate pathway represents a new layer of complexity in the regulation of plant defense responses.

关键词： folate pathway plant immunity methionine DNA methylation

Recent Advances in One‑Dimensional Micro/Nanomotors:Fabrication,Propulsion and Application

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第2期15卷 114-142页

作者： Yuhong Zheng He Zhao Yuepeng Cai beatriz Jurado‑Sanchez Renfeng Dong School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China Department of Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistryand Chemical EngineeringUniversidad de Alcala28871 Alcala de HenaresMadridSpain Chemical Research Institute“Andres M.del Rio” University of Alcala28871 Alcala de HenaresMadridSpain

Due to their tiny size,autonomous motion and functionalize modifications,micro/nanomotors have shown great potential for environmental remediation,biomedicine and micro/nano-engineering.One-dimensional(1D)micro/nanomotors combine the characteristics of anisotropy and large aspect ratio of 1D materials with the advantages of functionalization and autonomous motion of micro/nanomotors for revolutionary applications.In this review,we discuss current research progress on 1D micro/nanomotors,including the fabrication methods,driving mechanisms,and recent advances in environmental remediation and biomedical applications,as well as discuss current challenges and possible solutions.With continuous attention and innovation,the advancement of 1D micro/nanomotors will pave the way for the continued development of the micro/nanomotor field.

关键词： 1D micro/nanomotors Fabrication methods Driving mechanisms Applications

P-functionalized carbon nanotubes promote highly stable electrocatalysts based on Fe-phthalocyanines for oxygen reduction: Experimental and computational studies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 276-290,I0008页

作者： beatriz Martinez-Sanchez Diego Cazorla-Amors Emilia Morallon Departamento de Quimica Fisica and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante(IUMA)University of Alicante Ap.99.03080 AlicanteSpain Departamento de Quimica Inorganica and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante(IUMA) University of AlicanteAp.9903080 AlicanteSpain

Iron(Ⅱ) phthalocyanines(FePc) supported on functionalized nanostructured carbon materials have been studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in an alkaline medium. Herein, two types of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been explored as support, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Herringbone Carbon Nanotubes(SWCNTs and h CNTs, respectively), both electrochemically modified with ortho-aminophenylphosphonic acid(2APPA), which provides phosphate axial coordinating ligands for the immobilization of FePc molecules. All the catalysts were prepared via a facile incipient wetness impregnation method. Comprehensive experimental analysis together with density functional theory(DFT) calculations has demonstrated both the importance of the five-coordinated Fe macrocycles that favor the interaction between the FePc and the carbon support, as well as the effect of the CNT structure in the ORR. FePc axial coordination provides a better dispersion, leading to higher stability and a favorable electron redistribution that also tunes the ORR performance by lowering the stability of the reaction intermediates. Interestingly, such improvement occurs with a very low content of metal(~1 wt% Fe),which is especially remarkable when h CNT support is employed. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of Fe-containing complexes as precious metal-free catalysts towards the ORR.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Iron phthalocyanine Oxygen reduction Electrocatalysis Axial ligand

From Rejection to Embracement:The Catholic Perception of Spiritism in Brazil

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2024年第4期12卷 224-233页

作者： beatriz Francisco Sandrim Tamkang University Taiwan

The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.

关键词： spiritism Brazilian Catholicism religious syncretism

Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第40期25卷 6053-6062页

作者： Giovanna Ferraioli Livia beatriz Soares Monteiro Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche Diagnostiche e PediatricheMedical School University of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Clinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases Department Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S.MatteoPavia 27100Italy Centro Universitário Barao de Mauá Ramos de AzevedoSao Paulo 14090-180Brazil

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of diffuse liver disease.An accurate estimate of the fat in the liver is important in the diagnostic work-up of patients with NAFLD because the degree of liver steatosis is linked to the metabolic syndrome and the cardiovascular risk.Ultrasound(US)B-mode imaging allows to subjectively estimate the fatty infiltration in the liver;however,it has a low performance for the detection of mild steatosis.Quantitative US is based on the analysis of the radiofrequency echoes detected by an US system,and it allows to calculate a backscatter coefficient or an attenuation coefficient or the sound speed.The estimation of the backscatter coefficient is rather cumbersome and requires the use of a phantom for addressing all sources of variability.Controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)available on the FibroScan system(Echosens,France)measures the attenuation of the US beam.CAP is accurate in grading fatty infiltration-even though there is an overlap between consecutive grade of liver steatosis-and the values are not influenced by liver fibrosis.Several US manufacturers are developing or have already developed software for quantifying the attenuation of the US beam.Preliminary results show that proprietary technologies implemented in US systems seem more accurate than CAP for grading liver steatosis.Another available method for quantifying liver steatosis is based on the computation of the sound speed and the initial results appear promising.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chronic liver disease Ultrasound Controlled attenuation parameter Quantitative ultrasound Attenuation imaging

Activation of 2D MoS_(2) electrodes induced by high-rate lithiation processes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 56-70,I0003页

作者： Tianzhu Liu Georgian Melinte Oleksandr Dolotko Michael Knapp beatriz Mendoza-Sánchez Institute for Applied Materials-Energy Storage Systems(IAM-ESS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344Germany Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility(KNMF) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344Germany Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage(HIU) Ulm 89081Germany

MoS_(2) is a highly promising material for application in lithium-ion battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost.However,problems with a fast capacity decay over cycling,especially at the first cycles,and poor rate performance have deterred its practical implementation.Herein,electrodes comprised solely of few-layers 2D MoS_(2) nanosheets have been manufactured by scalable liquid-phase exfoliation and spray deposition methods.The long-standing controversy questioning the reversibility of conversion processes of MoS_(2)-based electrodes was addressed.Raman studies revealed that,in 2D MoS_(2) electrodes,conversion processes are indeed reversible,where nanostructure played a key role.Cycling of the electrodes at high current rates revealed an intriguing phenomenon consisting of a continuously increasing capacity after ca.100-200 cycles.This phenomenon was comprehensively addressed by a variety of electrochemical and microscopy methods that revealed underlying physical activation mechanisms that involved a range of profound electrode structural changes.Activation mechanisms delivered a capacitive electrode of a superior rate performance and cycling stability,as compared to the corresponding pristine electrodes,and to MoS_(2) electrodes previously reported.Herein,we have devised a methodology to overcome the problem of cycling stability of 2D MoS_(2) electrodes.Moreover,activation of electrodes constitutes a methodology that could be applied to enhance the energy storage performance of electrodes based on other 2D nanomaterials,or combinations thereof,strategically combining chemistries to engineer electrodes of superior energy storage properties.

关键词： 2D MoS_(2) Liquid-phase exfoliation Spray-deposition Conversion processes Activation mechanisms Energy storage mechanisms

Evaluating human behaviour during a disaster evacuation process:A literature review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第4期10卷 485-507页

作者： Elnaz Bakhshian beatriz Martinez-Pastor School of Civil Engineering University College DublinIreland

The frequency of natural and man-made disasters has increased over the past few decades,which has doubled the significance of evacuation planning because it directly affects people’s lives and properties.How evacuees behave during a disaster and the methodologies to assess their behaviour are vital factors in managing any emergency scenario.For example,during the evacuation of a transportation network,users’amount of information and how they react are imperative to achieve a resilient response to a disaster.Even though there are numerous approaches for assessing evacuee behaviour,further research is needed to determine how and when each methodology should be employed.This paper intends to evaluate and classify the methodologies that have been presented up to date to create a more consistent approach to interpreting human behaviour during an evacuation process.The majority of studies focus on how people behave during an evacuation of a building,with less attention paid to how they behave during a transport evacuation.Among the proposed methodologies in this paper,the virtual reality approach,in individual behaviour,and agent-based models,in crowd behaviour,have more advantages than other approaches.Overall,a comparison between the proposed approaches is made in the discussion part.The output of this study provides the classifications and suggestions for researchers to pick an appropriate approach based on the types of problems,and some direction for future studies are introduced.To reach the research goal,177 papers have been reviewed between 1954 and 2022.

关键词： Evacuation planning Human behaviour Transportation network Route choice behaviour Simulation Pedestrians

Testing carbonate chemostratigraphy across differentiated ancient shallow-platform environments(Early Kimmeridgian,S Iberia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2203-2218页

作者： Rute Coimbra beatriz Marques Federico Oloriz GeoBioTec Departamento de GeocienciasUniversidade de AveiroPortugal MARE Departamento de Ciencias da TerraUniversidade de CoimbraPortugal Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de LisboaPortugal Departamento de Estratigrafia y Palaeontologia Universidad de GranadaSpain

Shallow-platform settings with marked differences in paleoplatform bottom physiography influence the degree of connection with oceanic waters and overall circulation patterns,even when sharing the same palaeoclimatic conditions.Two Kimmeridgian shallow-marine settings have been explored to test the sensitivity and reliability of carbonate chemostratigraphy to detect such differences.An integrated overview of the obtained elemental trends depicted four major facies,shared along specific stratigraphic intervals of both depositional records.Diagenesis obliterated original geochemical signals only throughout the siliciclastics-rich interval,corresponding to the most landward setting.For the remaining facies,elemental features could be attributed to the differential action of forcing mechanisms operating along the south-Iberian paleomargin during Kimmeridgian times.The highest degree of continental influence can be recognized by a strong relationship between Fe and Mn for the most proximal setting,which fades out along the mixed carbonate-fine siliciclastic rhythmic deposition in more open settings.A characteristic geochemical signature of progressively more positiveδ^(13)C values and significantly higher Sr content is identified for the interval dominated by biogenic sponge buildups.Such a local response is related to local forcing by upwelling in the surroundings of a coral fringe.The geochemical signature of a hydrothermal origin can be clearly differentiated from the influence of mere terrigenous pulses.Accordingly,the decoupling of Fe and Mn along marginal settings is the clue to detecting major events of palaeogeographic restructuring.Observed temporal variations in Mg content along both studied sections are attributed to tectonic activity influencing nearshore/coastal water masses.By integrating chemostratigraphic information and complementary evidence,the palaeoenvironmental mechanisms promoting differentiated sedimentary records along ancient subtropical,shallow,coastal settings can be disentangled.

关键词： Palaeoenvironment Carbonate chemostratigraphy Shallow-water carbonates Diagenesis Kimmeridgian