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Optical coherence tomography in optic disc drusen

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 22-34页

作者： J.Alexander Fraser Lulu L.C.d.Bursztyn department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada department of Ophthalmology Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Optic disc drusen (Odd) are hyaline deposits in the optic nerve head, occurring in approximately 2% of the population. Odd may be superficial and visible, or buried and either invisible or seen only as elevation of the optic disc, mimicking optic disc edema. Advanced optic nerve imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to diagnose and characterize Odd with very high resolution. Enhanced depth imaging (EdI-OCT) in particular has emerged as the optimal modality to directly visualize Odd. This modality has led to a greater ability to differentiate Odd from optic disc edema and prevent misdiagnosis or invasive testing. We review the characteristic findings of Odd on OCT, their distinguishing features, and the use of OCT as a biomarker in the neuro-ophthalmic assessment of Odd.

关键词： drusen optic disk tomography optical coherence

In vitro toxicity of particulate matter emissions from residential pellet combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 215-226页

作者： Estela d.Vicente daniela Figueiredo Catia Goncalves Isabel Lopes Helena Oliveira Nora Kovats Teresa Pinheiro Celia A.Alves department of Environment and Planning and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centre of Natural Environmental Sciences University of PannoniaEgyetem str.108200 VeszpremHungary Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociencias Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias NuclearesInstituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal

Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell *** was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition ***,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells *** Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 *** obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were *** samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was ***10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower ***-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified *** activity was not detected in both *** murium *** study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM *** raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.

关键词： Ecotoxicity Cytotoxicity Mutagenicity Fuel quality Pellet combustion PM10 emissions

Influence of Probiotics on the Growth and digestive Enzyme Activity of White Pacific Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2008年第2期7卷 215-218页

作者： Gómez R. Geovanny d. MA Shen College of Fisheries Ocean University of China College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

The influence of Bacillus probiotics on the digestive enzyme activity and the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei were de- termined in this study. The shrimp was treated with five percentages (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5) of probiotics (Bacillus spp.) supple- mented to the feed and cultured for 45 d. The growth measured as the weight gain at the end of culturing was significantly (Pd shrimps than that of the control (without receiving probiotics). Activities of protease and amylase, two digestive enzymes of the midgut gland and the intestine were significantly (Pd shrimp than in the control.

关键词： Bacillus digestive enzymes growth midgut gland probiotic

Model predictive control for water management and energy security in arid/semiarid regions

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Journal of Automation and Intelligence 2022年第1期1卷 55-67页

作者： d.M.Bajany L.Zhang X.Xia department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

This paper aims to develop a realistic operational optimal management of a water supply system in an arid/semiarid region under climate change *** developed model considers the dynamic variation of water demand,rainfall,weather,and seasonal change in electricity *** is mathematically developed as a multi-constraint non-linear programming model based on model predictive control *** model optimises the quantities of water supplied by each source every month and improves the energy efficiency in a water supply system with multiple types of *** effectiveness of the developed MPC model is verified by applying it to a case study and comparing the results with those obtained with an open loop *** showed that using the MPC model leads to a 4.16%increase in the water supply cost compared to the open loop ***,when considering uncertainties in predicting water demands,aquifer recharges,rainfall,and evaporation rate,the MPC model was better than the open loop ***,the MPC model could meet the water demand at any period due to its predictability of variations,which was not the case with the open loop ***,a sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify the capacity of the developed model to deal with some phenomena due to climatic changes,such as in rainfall.

关键词： Water supply management Model predictive control Energy-water nexus

Technological innovations at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in high-latitude East Asia

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 135-145页

作者： Shi-Xia Yang Fa-Gang Wang Fei Xie Jian-Ping Yue Cheng-Long deng Ri-Xiang Zhu Michael d.Petraglia Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics department of History Anhui University State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Human Origins Program National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution School of Social Science The University of Queensland

The interplay between Pleistocene climatic variability and hominin adaptations to diverse terrestrial ecosystems is a key topic in human evolutionary studies. Early and Middle Pleistocene environmental change and its relation to hominin behavioural responses has been a subject of great interest in Africa and Europe, though little information is available for other key regions of the Old World, particularly from Eastern Asia. Here we examine key Early Pleistocene sites of the Nihewan Basin, in high-latitude northern China, dating between ～1.4 and 1.0 million years ago(Ma). We compare stone-tool assemblages from three Early Pleistocene sites in the Nihewan Basin, including detailed assessment of stone-tool refitting sequences at the ～1.1-Ma-old site of Cenjiawan. Increased toolmaking skills and technological innovations are evident in the Nihewan Basin at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition(MPT).Examination of the lithic technology of the Nihewan sites, together with an assessment of other key Palaeolithic sites of China, indicates that toolkits show increasing diversity at the outset of the MPT and in its aftermath. The overall evidence indicates the adaptive flexibility of early hominins to ecosystem changes since the MPT, though regional abandonments are also apparent in high latitudes, likely owing to cold and oscillating environmental conditions. The view presented here sharply contrasts with traditional arguments that stone-tool technologies of China are homogeneous and continuous over the course of the Early Pleistocene.

关键词： early hominins behavioural adaptations technological innovations Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition

Towards standardizing retinal optical coherence tomography angiography:a review

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第4期11卷 520-541页

作者： danuta M.Sampson Adam M.dubis Fred K.Chen Robert J.Zawadzki david d.Sampson Surrey Biophotonics Centre for VisionSpeech and Signal Processing and School of Biosciences and MedicineThe University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorflelds Eye Hospital NHS Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology London EC1V 2PDUK. Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science(incorporating Lions Eye Institute) The University of Western AustraliaNedlandsWestern Australia 6009Australia. department of Ophthalmology Royal Perth HospitalPerthWestern Australia 6000Australia. Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3002Australia. department of Ophthalmology&Vision Science University of California DavisSacramentoCA 95817USA. Surrey Biophotonics Advanced Technology InstituteSchool of Physics and School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK

The visualization and assessment of retinal microvasculature are important in the study,diagnosis,monitoring,and guidance of treatment of ocular and systemic *** the introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it has become possible to visualize the retinal microvasculature volumetrically and without a contrast *** lab-based and commercial clinical instruments,imaging protocols and data analysis methods and metrics,have been applied,often inconsistently,resulting in a confusing picture that represents a major barrier to progress in applying OCTA to reduce the burden of *** data and software sharing,and cross-comparison and pooling of data from different studies are *** inabilities have impeded building the large databases of annotated OCTA images of healthy and diseased retinas that are necessary to study and define characteristics of specific *** paper addresses the steps needed to standardize OCTA imaging of the human retina to address these *** review of the OCTA literature,we identify issues and inconsistencies and propose minimum standards for imaging protocols,data analysis methods,metrics,reporting of findings,and clinical practice and,where this is not possible,we identify areas that require further *** hope that this paper will encourage the unification of imaging protocols in OCTA,promote transparency in the process of data collection,analysis,and reporting,and facilitate increasing the impact of OCTA on retinal healthcare delivery and life science investigations.

关键词： transparency steps inconsistent

A Possible Mechanism of High-Speed and Long-distance Rockslides

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 2158-2162页

作者： Yan du Hongda Zhang Mowen Xie Yujing Jiang Santos d.Chicas Jingnan Liu School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan department of Agro-environmental Science Faculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan

An important unsolved problem in engineering geology is the mechanism of high-speed and long-distance rockslides(HSLdR)in high-risk area,which deprive of many people's lives every *** bridge damage and its strength lo... 详细信息

关键词： rock geology damage

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不同水基防腐剂处理木材的表面自由能

北京林业大学学报 2006年第4期28卷 1-5页

作者：曹金珍 d.Pascal Kamdem 北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院美国密歇根州立大学林学系

该研究中测定了蒸馏水、二碘甲烷、甲酰胺和甘油等4种参照液体在不同水基防腐处理(包括铬化砷酸铜CCA以及另外两种商品名为NW和NS的处理)后的木材表面所形成的接触角,并根据酸碱作用理论计算得到其表面自由能及其两个分量———Lifshizv... 详细信息

该研究中测定了蒸馏水、二碘甲烷、甲酰胺和甘油等4种参照液体在不同水基防腐处理(包括铬化砷酸铜CCA以及另外两种商品名为NW和NS的处理)后的木材表面所形成的接触角,并根据酸碱作用理论计算得到其表面自由能及其两个分量———LifshizvanderWaals(LW)分量和酸碱作用(AB)分量.结果表明,NW和CCA处理使木材表面的疏水性有所增加,而NS处理由于早材的水分渗透速率加快总体表现为亲水性增加.利用蒸馏水、二碘甲烷、甲酰胺这3种参照液体计算得到的未处理早材、未处理晚材、CCA处理早材、CCA处理晚材、NW处理早材、NW处理晚材、NS处理早材和NS处理晚材的表面自由能分别为43.1、44.5、43.4、45.1、49.4、40.6、46.0和40.9mJm2.由此可见,CCA处理材的表面自由能接近于未处理材,而经过NW和NS处理后,早材和晚材的表面能都有一定程度的变化,但对于木材整体来说表面自由能仍接近于未处理材.

关键词：木材表面自由能防腐剂接触角

Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure:Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers

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World Journal of Cardiology 2020年第8期12卷 373-408页

作者： Josip Anđelo Borovac domenico d'Amario Josko Bozic duska Glavas department of Pathophysiology University of Split School of MedicineSplit 21000Croatia Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society Zagreb 10000Croatia department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A.GemelliUniversita Cattolica Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Clinic for Cardiovascular diseases University Hospital of SplitSplit 21000Croatia

Heart failure(HF)is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and adequate perfusion pressure of target organs and *** sympathetic nervous system(SNS)is upregulated in HF as evident in dysfunctional baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes,circulating and neuronal catecholamine spillover,attenuated parasympathetic response,and augmented sympathetic outflow to the heart,kidneys and skeletal *** these sympathoexcitatory effects on the cardiovascular system are sustained chronically they initiate the vicious circle of HF progression and become associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis,maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling,arrhythmogenesis,and poor prognosis in patients with *** detrimental effects of SNS activity on outcomes in HF warrant adequate diagnostic and treatment ***,this review summarizes basic physiological concepts about the interaction of SNS with the cardiovascular system and highlights key pathophysiological mechanisms of SNS derangement in ***,special emphasis in this review is placed on the integrative and up-to-date overview of diagnostic modalities such as SNS imaging methods and novel laboratory biomarkers that could aid in the assessment of the degree of SNS activation and provide reliable prognostic information among patients with HF.

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Biomarkers Catecholamines Catestatin Chromaffin system Epinephrine Heart failure Myocardial failure Norepinephrine Sympathetic nervous system