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Microplastics and Nano-Plastics: From Initiation to Termination

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第1期11卷 249-280页

作者： Oluwafemi Awolesi Peter Oni beatrice arwenyo Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Ecoxygiene Services Limited Opebi Rd Opebi Lagos State Nigeria Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Starkville USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda

Following the advent of the Industrial Revolution, plastic pollution has been a serious environmental issue while micro- and nano-plastics have been a cynosure of researchers’ attention in the twenty-first century. This is due to the improved knowledge of its ecotoxicological effects and the global pushforward towards sustainability. There is a growing concern that the increasing presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in aquatic habitats poses a threat to marine life, and it is predicted that nanoplastics will be just as ubiquitous as macro- and micro-plastics, but far more destructive to living organisms due to their ability to infiltrate cells. Recent research has shown that marine and freshwater biota become entangled with plastic litter, which disrupts the ecosystem. Aquatic creatures are known to absorb and deposit these new pollutants in their digestive systems, as has been documented in several studies. More recent research has also examined their co-occurrence and toxicity with other emerging contaminants, including their prevalence and effects in food, air, and soil. Using articles extracted from a six-year period from Scopus, ACS Publications and Google Scholar, this review explores the origins, fates, occurrence in the food chain, exposure routes, cellular interactions of microplastics and nano-plastics, in addition to the ecotoxicological impacts, analytical methods, and the potential remedies for combating pollution and toxicity. Ultimately, this review is a comprehensive, updated addendum to available reviews on micro- and nano-plastics.

关键词： Microplastics Nano-Plastics Occurrence Transport Toxicity Environmental Health Remediation

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Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies: Adsorption of Pb, Cr and Ni Ions from Spent Lubrication Oil (SLO) Using Acid Modified Clay

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第5期12卷 109-120页

作者： Felix Sughnen Atsar Donald Kukwa Raymond Ahule Wuana beatrice arwenyo Department of Chemistry Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda

Adsorption of Pb, Cr, and Ni ions from spent lubrication oil (SLO) by sulphuric acid modified clay (SAMC) was investigated considering the effect of contact time and temperature of the adsorption system. The removal percentage of the heavy metals was found to be temperature and contact time-dependent. Adsorption of the heavy metals increases with an increase in temperature and contact time with 95.0% - 100% adsorption recorded at the temperature of 331 K with the equilibration time of 12 hours. The thermodynamic and kinetics investigation of the adsorption process showed that the adsorption of these metals by the modified adsorbent is a spontaneous and endothermic physical adsorption process that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

关键词： Adsorption Heavy Metals Sorption Mechanism Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model

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Microplastics in Marine Environment: Occurrence, Distribution, and Extraction Methods in Marine Organisms

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第12期13卷 931-955页

作者： Boluwatife S. Olubusoye Peter Oni Faustina Owusu Oluwatoyin Adekoya Acaye Ongwech Daniel A. Odogwu Oluwafemi Awolesi Ayobami Oje beatrice arwenyo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Oxford USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Water Resource Policy Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids USA Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo USA Research and Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Akure Nigeria

The pervasive presence of microplastics in marine environments has raised significant concerns. This review addresses the pressing issue of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems and its potential implications for both the environment and human health. It outlines the current state of microplastic occurrence, distribution, and extraction methods within marine organisms. Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern due to their harmful effects on ecosystems and their potential human health risks. These particles infiltrate marine environments through runoff and atmospheric deposition, ultimately contaminating beaches and posing threats to marine life. Despite the gravity of this issue, there has been limited research on the presence and distribution of microplastics in marine organisms. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively examining the occurrence, distribution, and various extraction methods used to detect microplastics in marine organisms. It emphasizes the urgent need for targeted measures to manage microplastic pollution, highlights the significant role of human activities in contributing to this problem, and underscores the importance of reducing human-induced pollution to safeguard marine ecosystems. While this paper contributes to the understanding of microplastic pollution in marine environments and underscores the critical importance of taking action to protect marine organisms and preserve our oceans for future generations, it also emphasizes that, in effectively tackling the microplastic problem, a well-coordinated approach is essential, involving research initiatives, policy adjustments, public involvement, and innovative technologies. Crucially, prompt and resolute responses must exist to counteract the escalating peril posed by microplastics to the oceans and the global environment.

关键词： Microplastics Marine Environment Marine Organisms Extraction Methods Ecological Impact Ocean Pollution

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Uptake of Phosphorus from Modified P-Enriched Douglas Fir Biochar and Its Effects on Crop Growth and P Use Efficiency

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 207-229页

作者： beatrice arwenyo Jac J. Varco Andrew Dygert Jaime Berry Julianna Mills Dinesh Mohan Charles U. Pittman Jr. Todd Mlsna Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State USA Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Plant and Soil Science Mississippi State University Mississippi State USA School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India

The potential use of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment has recently gained global recognition. The use of biochar as a soil additive is attributed to its ability to improve soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Studies have shown that biochar amendments can enhance soil nutrient retention and availability, pH, water holding capacity, microbial activity and sequester carbon. In this study using corn (Zea mays L.) as an experimental crop, the influence of P availability from modified P enriched Douglas fir biochar (PEB), triple super phosphate fertilizer (SPF), and modified Douglas fir biochar (MB) on plant growth and P Use Efficiency (PUE) were compared. The rate of P applied (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg·ha-1) was calculated based on % P content of each soil additive. Except for MB treatments, P recovery, crop growth and P Use Efficiency increased with application rates. The maximum above ground dry matter yields corresponding to PEB, SPF and MB treatments were estimated at 3488 kg·ha-1, 2449 kg·ha-1 and 639 kg·ha-1, while their respective agronomic P use efficiency (AGE) rates were 32 kg·kg-1, 17 kg·kg-1, 0.5 kg·kg-1. Also, recovery of K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, B and Mn improved in both PEB (p value 0.9) and SPF (p value 2 > 0.9) treatments. More studies at field scale are needed to demonstrate the practicability of using modified P enriched Douglas fir biochar for soil amendments.

关键词： Macronutrients Dry Matter Yield Micronutrients Application Rate

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PFAS: Ecological Implications, Remedial Actions and Ethical Considerations

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Health 2023年第3期15卷 306-334页

作者： Oluwafemi Awolesi Peter Oni Abiodun Oshinowo Boluwatife S. Olubusoye Faustina Owusu Simeon Pama Sunday Temitope Osobamiro Acaye Ongwech Omotoyosi Awolesi beatrice arwenyo Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Research & Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Starkville USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Massachusetts USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Oxford USA Department of Chemical Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda Faculty of Law University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

The C-F bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry. It is responsible for the great stability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly referred to as “PFAS”, a group of man-made chemicals that include perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Thermal stability, surface activity, dielectric characteristics, chemical resistance, and inertness are just a few of the technical advantages that this group has over hydrocarbons, and since the 1950s, these chemicals have been largely utilized in a variety of domestic and industrial endeavors. The hydrophilic and lipophilic nature of this class of chemicals accounts for its uniqueness. Up until today, the chemistry and ecotoxicology of these chemicals continue to emerge. Issues concerning the destructive power of ignorance expedited by an ineffective regulatory institution continue to show that manufacturing chemicals are insufficient without giving serious thought to issues of openness and humanity’s awareness of its own safety. When discussing the nature of humanity and how it can be defined or redefined, it is important to allude to the significance of integrating business with ethics in its various forms. This paper highlights the importance of holding polluters accountable for PFAS contamination cleanup costs while emphasizing the need for chemical manufacturers to test and disclose the health and environmental effects of PFAS compounds. In addition, the sources, types, properties, applications, distribution, toxicological implications, regulations, and analytical methods associated with PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are explored. The effectiveness of the remedial methods described in this paper needs to be progressively tested while exploring other sustainable approaches.

关键词： Emerging Contaminants Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Non-Polymeric Chemicals Remediation Ethics Public Health

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Rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia and bone remodeling,warning against overdoing

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第9期15卷 1858-1861页

作者： Dured Dardari beatrice Segurens Department of Diabetology Centre Hospitalier Sud FrancilienCorbeil Essonne 91100France UniversitéParis-Saclay CEACentre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine(CNRGH)Evry CourcouronnesFrance

It is widely recognized that chronic hyperglycemia decreases bone quality,although little is known about the impact of the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia on the quality of bone *** spotlight article explore... 详细信息

关键词： Bone remodeling Chronic hyperglycemia Intensive hyperglycemia treatment Diabetes complication Rapid correction of hyperglycemia

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Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 25-41页

作者： beatrice Manser Helen Zbinden Gerhard Herren Joel Steger Jonatan Isaksson Stephanie Braunlich Thomas Wicker Beat Keller Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZurichZollikerstrasse 1078008 ZurichSwitzerland Agroscope Route de Duillier 501260 NyonSwitzerland BIOREBA AG Christoph Merian-Ring 74153 ReinachSwitzerland

Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host *** fungal–plant interactions,relatively little is known about whether,in addi-tion to avirulence effectors and immune receptors,other proteins contribute to specific *** nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal pow-dery mildew effector *** found that the predicted wheat zincfinger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR *** further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with *** silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew *** studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with *** recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus,resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a,TaZF,and AvrPm2 in *** propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector *** highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.

关键词： plant immunity plant-fungal interactions pathogen effectors nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptor NLR wheat powdery mildew

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Fate of Right Coronary Artery Occlusion after a Surgically Repaired Aorto- Ventricular Tunnel in a Neonate

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第3期19卷 267-273页

作者： Sherif Negm Loic Mace Fedoua El Louali beatrice Desnous Philipe Aldebert Virginie Fouilloux Marien Lenoir Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Hôpital Timone enfantAssistance Public-Hopitaux MarseilleAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Tanta UniversityTantaEgypt Department of Pediatric Cardiology Hôpital Timone enfantAssistance Public-Hopitaux MarseilleAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance Department of Neurology Hôpital Timone enfantAssistance Public-Hopitaux MarseilleAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance

The aorto-ventricular tunnel is a rare congenital cardiac *** present a case of aorto-ventricular tunnel diagnosed via fetal *** surgery was performed on the 2nd day of life to close the tun-nel,located just in front of the right coronary ostium,due to the patient’s unstable health *** post-operative period revealed complete occlusion of the right coronary *** to the patient’s stability,we opted not to reintervene on the right coronary *** patient fully recovered without the need for further coronary *** cases of patients with an aorto-ventricular tunnel(AVT)and associated coronary lesions,it is crucial to exercise caution when intervening in the coronary arteries.

关键词： Aorto-ventricular tunnel aorta right coronary artery

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Assessing Factors Influencing Solar Energy Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Mzuzu City, Malawi

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 257-284页

作者： Mkhalipie Avenea beatrice Ke Jiang School of Business Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants

关键词： Solar Energy Small and Medium Enterprises Solar Energy Adoption

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Spatio-Temporal Change of Dispersal Areas of Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Lake Bogoria Landscape, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 183-198页

作者： beatrice Chepkoech Cheserek George Morara Ogendi Paul Mutua Makenzi Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Decline in wildlife populations is manifest globally, regionally and locally. A wildlife decline of 68% has been reported in Kenya’s rangelands with Baringo County experiencing more than 85% wildlife loss in the last four decades. Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) is endemic to Lake Bogoria landscape in Baringo County and constitutes a major tourist attraction for the region necessitating use of its photo on the County’s logo and thus a flagship species. Tourism plays a central role in Baringo County’s economy and is a major source of potential growth and employment creation. The study was carried out to assess spatio-temporal change of dispersal areas of Greater Kudu (GK) in Lake Bogoria landscape in the last four years for enhanced adaptive management and improved livelihoods. GK population distribution primary data collected in December 2022 and secondary data acquired from Lake Bogoria National Game Reserve (LBNGR) for 2019 and 2020 were digitized using in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Measures of dispersion and point pattern analysis (PPA) were used to analyze dispersal of GK population using GIS. Spatio-temporal change of GK dispersal in LBNR was evident thus the null hypothesis was rejected. It is recommended that anthropogenic activities contributing to GK’s habitat degradation be curbed by providing alternative livelihood sources and promoting community adoption of sustainable technologies for improved livelihoods.

关键词： Spatio-Temporal Change Dispersal Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus Strepsiceros) Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) GIS

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