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A Recognized Value System among Nurses Working in Poland

Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第1期5卷 68-76页

作者： beata bajurna Anna Galeba Jerzy TMarcinkowski Chair and Department of Organization and Management in Health Care Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland Private Practice of Aesthetic Medicine and Anti-Aging in Warszawa and Poznan Poland Chair of Social Medicine Department of HygienePoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland

Aim of this work was to present a study indicating the recognized system of values of nursing units in healthcare entities in Poland. Professionally active nurses (249) employed in medicinal entities were subjects in the study. A random selection of individuals was applied in the study, and the participation in the research was declared by respondents consent to participate in it. A survey was used as the main form of measurement, and it was divided into direct and indirect survey. A standardized Rokeach’s scale of values [1] [2] consisting of two collections, each of which included 18 single values, was used. They were ranked by tested individuals according to the hierarchy of their values which allowed for recognizing which are the most important for them. Kruskal-Wallis’s test was applied in the study. Results: The social position is the most important value for nurses working in the district medical entities. For those working in the regional medical units, the most appreciated value is being ambitious, whereas in the clinical self-esteem. The socio-demographic data such as age, length of service, levels of education differentiate assessments of each recognized values in the group of nurses. The women between 31 and 40 consider being ambitious as the most important value, between 41 and 50 responsibility and between 20 and 30 self-esteem;responsibility is the most appreciated value for people with 21 - 25 years of experience because the older and more experienced the nurse is, the stronger her sense of responsibility becomes. A social position was appreciated the most by the nurses holding a nursing degree. Conclusions: There have been significant differences in terms of accepted values between nurses working in the district, provincial and clinical medical entities. Socio-demographic data such as age, length of service, education levels differentiate assessment of each recognized value in the group of nurses.

关键词： Value System Nurses Healthcare Entity

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The Role of Cosmetic Gynecology Treatments in Women in Perimenopausal Period

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第2期5卷 153-157页

作者： Anna Galęba beata bajurna Jerzy TMarcinkowski Department of Social Medicine Poznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland Private Practice of Aesthetic Medicine and Anti-Aging in Warszawa and Poznan Poland

The conditions in which we live nowadays contribute to exposure of our bodies to harmful factors such as UV radiation, pollution, smoking, poor eating habits, low physical activity, stress, which thereafter lead to the acceleration of skin aging process. In women, the process is additionally dependent on the menopause, as a result of the disappearance of hormones, the process is faster. Physiological changes that occur in women’s body during perimenopausal and menopausal period affect their sexual function: pain during an intercourse, decreased libido, lack of agitation. Deficiency of hormones, besides skin changes, leads to vaginal dryness, accompanied by inflammation, often correlated with discharge and burning. As a result of the loss of hyaluronic acid labia become slack and less moisturized. In addition, there has been observed: a gradual loss of pigment and hair, involution of the clitoris, and involution and sticking of labia minora, lipoatrophy of labia majora with subsequent reduction in their volume and thinning the lining around the vaginal opening. This article presents processes of skin aging. It describes mechanisms of intrinsic and extrinsic aging. It also presents the mechanisms of accelerated aging in women in perimenopausal period—accelerated skin aging dependent on hormonal factors associated with the loss of ovarian function. The research presents how the hormonal loss influences woman’s body, her genitals—its functionality and aesthetic look. It also shows how using filler treatments in gynecology can restore the aesthetic appearance of female genital and improve their functionality.

关键词： Menopause Perimenopausal Period Cosmetic Gynecology Cosmetic Medicine Aesthetic Medicine Aging of the Skin

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