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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell Charles R.Woodard Lars J.grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

GUN4 Is Required for Posttranslational Control of Plant Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1198-1210页

作者： Enrico Peter be.nhard grimm Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt University Philippstr. 13 Building 12 D 10115 Berlin Germany

In aerobic photosynthetic organisms, GUN4 binds the chlorophyll intermediates protoporphyrin and Mg protoporphyrin, stimulates Mg chelatase activity, and is implicated in plastidic retrograde signaling. GUN4 expression is most abundant in young and greening tissues and parallels the activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） ALA and Mg porphyrin biosynthesis during photoperiodic growth. We explored function and mode of action of GUN4 using GUN4- deficient and overexpressing plants. GUN4 overexpression leads to a general activation of the enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. During photoperiodic growth GUN4 deficiency prevents ALA synthesis and chlorophyll accumulation. All these metabolic changes do not correlate with altered gene expression or changes of protein abundance in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. While ALA feeding fails to compensate GUN4 deficiency during light-dark growth, this approach results in chlorophyll accumulation under continuous dim light. A new model defines the involvement of GUN4 in posttranslational regulation of ALA and Mg porphyrin synthesis, to sustain chlorophyll synthesis, namely under varying environmental conditions.

关键词： Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis chlorophyll Mg porphyrin branch photo-oxidation chloroplasts

Membrane-destabilizing ionizable phospholipids: Novel components for organ-selective mRNA delivery and CRISPR-Cas gene editing

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第6期6卷 1643-1645页

作者： Ning Meng Dirk grimm Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology Medical FacultyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany BioQuant University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF)and German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) partner site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

In a new study published in Nature Materials,Liu et al.1 report a novel design of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)in which multi-tailed ionizable phospholipids(iPhos)constitute the active component,and which facilitates endosomal escape and thus improves delivery of mRNA and/or single-guide(sg)RNA for in vivo gene *** composed of the best-performing iPhos and different helper lipids_zwitterionic lipids,ionizable cationic lipids and permanently cationic lipids-achieved selective organ targeting(SORT)and organ-specific CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in spleen,liver,and lungs of mice,respectively.

关键词： spleen editing cationic

Curse and blessing:upregulation of oncogenes upon treatment with hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3150-3151页

作者： Juliane grimm Mascha Binder Department of Internal Medicine IN Oncology/HematologyUniversity Hospital Halle(Saale)Halle(Saale)Germany

In a recently published study in The New England Journal of Medicine,Liu and colleagues were able to demonstrate that-apart from the antileukemic effects previously reported for hypomethylating agents(HMAs)-treatment with these drugs can also lead to demethylation and subsequent upregulation of oncogenes resulting in shorter survival in patients with myelo-dysplastic syndrome(MDS).

关键词： drugs myelo treatment

Recycling of Solanum Sucrose Transporters Expressed in Yeast, Tobacco, and in Mature Phloem Sieve Elements

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1064-1074页

作者： Johannes Liesche Hong-Xia He be.nhard grimm Alexander Schulz Christina Kuhn Humboldt University Institute of Biology Plant Physiology Philippstraβe 13 Building 12 10115 Berlin Germany Plant Physiology and Anatomy Laboratory Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Life Sciences Copenhagen University Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 （from Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, or Zea mays） exhibits redoxdependent dimerization and targeting if heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae （Krtigel et al., 2008）. It was also shown that SUT1 is present in motile vesicles when expressed in tobacco cells and that its targeting to the plasma membrane is reversible. StSUT1 is internalized in the presence of brefeldin A （BFA） in yeast, plant cells, and in mature sieve elements as confirmed by immunolocalization. These results were confirmed here and the dynamics of intracellular SUT1 localization were further elucidated. Inhibitor studies revealed that vesicle movement of SUT1 is actin-dependent. BFA-mediated effects might indicate that anterograde vesicle movement is possible even in mature sieve elements, and could involve components of the cytoskeleton that were previously thought to be absent in SEs. Our results are in contradiction to this old dogma of plant physiology and the potential of mature sieve elements should therefore be re-evaluated. In addition, SUT1 internalization was found to be dependent on the plasma membrane lipid composition. SUT1 belongs to the detergent-resistant membrane （DRM） fraction in planta and is targeted to membrane raft-like microdomains when expressed in yeast （Kr（igel et al,, 2008）, Here, SUT1-GFP expression in different yeast mutants, which were unable to perform en- docytosis and/or raft formation, revealed a strong link between SUT1 raft localization, the sterol composition and mem- brane potential of the yeast plasma membrane, and the capacity of the SUT1 protein to be internalized by endocytosis. The results provide new insight into the regulation of sucrose transport and the mechanism of endocytosis in plant cells.

关键词： Transporters membrane proteins phloem physiology protein targeting potato.

Intracellular Communication

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1071-1074页

作者： be.nhard grimm, Kayatoon Dehesh, Lixin Zhang Dario Leister Guest Editors

Gene expression of the nuclear, plastid, and mitochon- drial genomes in plants is mutually dependent and highly coordinately regulated. This ensures adequate synthesis of proteins functioning in common protein complexes for organellar gene expression and energy-transducing activities in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The concept of intracellular communication includes an anterograde and retrograde signaling network between nucleus and the two organelles, enabling this interactive exchange of information essential for cellular hemostasis. By definition, the intracellular communication is based on the inter-orga- nellar reciprocity whereby the transcriptional activities in the nucleus are regulated in part by signaling pathways derived from plastids and mitochondria （retrograde sign- aling）, while the organellar gene expression is controlled by information received form the nucleus （anterograde signaling）.

关键词：蛋白质类基因表达细胞器线粒体信息交流叶绿体胰岛素植物

Spatial heterogeneity of flesh-cell osmotic potential in sweet cherry affects partitioning of absorbed water

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2104-2113页

作者： Eckhard grimm Daniel Pflugfelder Jan Hahn Moritz Jonathan Schmidt Hendrik Dieckmann Moritz Knoche Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme Leibniz Universität HannoverAbteilung ObstbauHerrenhäuser Straße 2D-30419 HannoverGermany Forschungszentrum Jülich IBG-2:PflanzenwissenschaftenWilhelm-Johnen-StraßeD-52428 JülichGermany Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. Hollerithallee 8D-30419 HannoverGermany

A fleshy fruit is commonly assumed to resemble a thin-walled pressure vessel containing a homogenous carbohydrate *** sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)as a model system,we investigate how local differences in cell water potential affect H2O and D2O(heavy water)*** partitioning of H2O and D2O was mapped nondestructively using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The change in size of mesocarp cells due to water movement was monitored by optical coherence tomography(OCT,non-destructive).Osmotic potential was mapped using microosmometry(destructive).Virtual sections through the fruit revealed that the H2O distribution followed a net pattern in the outer mesocarp and a radial pattern in the inner *** patterns align with the disposition of the vascular bundles.D2O uptake through the skin paralleled the acropetal gradient in cell osmotic potential gradient(from less negative to more negative).Cells in the vicinity of a vascular bundle were of more negative osmotic potential than cells more distant from a vascular *** revealed net H2O uptake was the result of some cells loosing volume and other cells increasing volume.H2O and D2O partitioning following uptake is non-uniform and related to the spatial heterogeneity in the osmotic potential of mesocarp cells.

关键词： potential Spatial bundle

Surgical Treatment of Craniopharyngiomas in Adults:Comparison between Primary Surgery and Surgery for Recurrence

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Current Medical Science 2022年第6期42卷 1119-1130页

作者： Rocío Evangelista Zamora Florian grimm Sasan Darius Adib Antje Bornemann Jürgen Honegger Department of Neurosurgery University of TübingenTübingen72076Germany Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Universitario Marqués de ValdecillaSantander39008Spain Institute of Neuropathology University of TübingenTübingen72076Germany

Objective Few studies have investigated the differences in outcomes between primary and repeat surgery for a craniopharyngioma in *** a result,a treatment concept for adult patients with a craniopharyngioma has not yet been *** present study aimed to retrospectively analyze adult patients with craniopharyngioma to compare surgical outcomes between primary surgery and surgery for *** The demographic and clinical data of 68 adult patients with craniopharyngioma who had primary surgery(n=50)or surgery for recurrence(n=18)were retrospectively *** addition,the patients were followed up for an average of 38.6 months(range:1–133 months).Results The cohorts of patients undergoing primary surgery or repeat surgery did not differ preoperatively in terms of demographic data,or radiological tumor ***,patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma had significantly more pituitary hormone deficits and hypothalamo-pituitary disorders before surgery compared with patients with newly diagnosed *** success rate of complete resection in primary surgery was 53.2%.Even after repeat surgery,a satisfactory rate of complete resection of 35.7%was *** morbidity was increased neither in patients with repeat surgery compared with those with primary surgery(postoperative bleeding P=0.560;meningitis P=1.000;CSF leak P=0.666;visual disturbance P=0.717)nor in patients with complete resection compared with those with partial *** found no difference in recurrence-free survival between initial surgery and repeat surgery(P=0.733).The recurrence rate was significantly lower after complete resection(6.9%)than after partial resection(47.8%;P<0.001).Conclusion Attempting complete resection is justified for not only those with newly diagnosed craniopharyngioma but also for those with recurrent ***,the surgeon must settle for less than total resection if postoperative morbidity is anticipated.

关键词： craniopharyngioma adulthood transcranial transsphenoidal primary surgery recurrence recurrence-free survival

Campylobacter concisus and inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1259-1267页

作者： Li Zhang Hoyul Lee Michael C grimm Stephen M Riordan Andrew S Day Daniel A Lemberg School of Biotechnology and Biomo-lecular Sciences University of New South Wales St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit The Prince of Wales Hospital Prince of Wales Clinical School University of New South Wales Department of Gastroenter-ology Sydney Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics University of Otago Christchurch School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South Wales

Investigation of the possible role of Campylobacter concisus(C. concisus) in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is an emerging research area. Despite the association found between C. concisus and IBD, it has been difficult to explain how C. concisus, a bacterium that is commonly present in the human oral cavity, may contribute to the development of enteric diseases. The evidence presented in this review shows that some C. concisus strains in the oral cavity acquired zonula occludens toxin(zot) gene from a virus(prophage) and that C. concisus Zot shares conserved motifs with both Vibrio cholerae Zot receptor binding domain and human zonulin receptor binding domain. Both Vibrio cholerae Zot and human zonulin are known to increase intestinal permeability by affecting the tight junctions. Increased intestinal permeability is a feature of IBD. Based on these data, we propose that a primary barrier function defect caused by C. concisus Zot is a mechanism by which zot-positive C. concisus strains may trigger the onset and relapse of IBD.

关键词： Campylobacter concisus Inflammatory bowel disease Zonula occludens toxin Tight junctions Intestinal permeability