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The African Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>): mini-Review of an Endangered Species

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Natural Resources 2020年第8期11卷 317-350页

作者： Ana Raquel de Sales Rita Sofia Santos Anastácio m. j. Pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal

Humankind is responsible for conditioning the distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, Loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in some and be undervalued by others, often ending up being a victim of human activities. Increasingly, the apparent impossibility of the coexistence of these two species represents a problem for the conservation of the large African mammal. Here it was reviewed the published bibliography about the African savannah elephant (L. africana), between July 2015 and December 2019. The Web of Science (WoS) database enabled the search for the words “Loxodonta africana”. From this research, we obtained 310 articles, 149 of them were analysed. Elephants have characteristics that define its uniqueness that are constantly reported, such as: its cognition and extraordinary memory, factors that influence its movements and its distribution, its specific vocalization and the strong dependence on social connections. Threats to the conservation of the species and the urgency of interventions are also an important subject of discussion. Poaching for ivory represents a major obstacle on conservation and has been drastically reducing the number of elephant populations and causing future consequences for those who thrive. Law enforcement in rmily:Verdana;">educing/prohibit po

关键词： Behaviour Ecosystem Engineer Environmental Awareness Human-Wildlife Conflict Loxodonta africana mitigation Strategies Poaching Wildlife Conservation

Emergency Cesarean Section in a COVID-19 Patient with Antepartum Hemorrhage: A Case Report

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Open journal of Anesthesiology 2022年第8期12卷 249-254页

作者： Tokunbo Olumide Olajumoke j. m. Olaitan Pbafolayan A. A. Adelekan A. Bello Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Osogbo Nigeria

Introduction: Perioperative management of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be extremely challenging in order to keep the balance between providing optimal medical care and protecting health-care providers from the risk of infection. Also the respiratory effect of COVID 19 could also alter the course and outcome of surgery. Aim: We aim to report a 30-year-old COVID-19 patient who had emergency cesarean section on account of placenta praevia. methodology: The cesarean section was done under subarachnoid block while there was no significant event perioperatively while preventive measures were taken to avoid cross infection with the managing team. Results: The patient had a safe anesthesia and surgery. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test was done fourth day after surgery was negative for the mother and child.

关键词： Anesthesia Cesarean Section COVID-19

Innovative seismic retrofitting strategy of added stories isolation system

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 13-23页

作者： min-Ho CHEY j.Geoffrey CHASE john B.mANDER Athol j.CARR School of Architecture&Art Yanbian University of Science&TechnologyYanji 133000China Department of mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTexas 77843USA Department of Civil&Natural Resources Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

The seismic performance of“added stories isolation”(ASI)systems are investigated for 12-story moment resisting *** newly added and isolated upper stories on the top of the existing structure are rolled to act as a large tuned mass damper(TmD)to overcome the limitation of the size of tuned mass,resulting to“12+2”and“12+4”stories building *** isolation layer,as a core design strategy,is optimally designed based on optimal TmD design principle,entailing the insertion of passive flexible laminated rubber bearings to segregate two or four upper stories from a conventionally constructed lower superstructure *** performance metrics are presented for 30 earthquake records from the 3 suites of the SAC *** history analyses are used to compute various response performances and reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard *** show that ASI systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi-degree-of freedom(mDOF)systems across a broader range of ground motions without requiring burdensome extra *** results include the identification of differences in the number of added story by which the suggested isolation systems remove energy.

关键词： added stories seismic isolation tuned mass damper parametric optimization statistical method

Hepatitis A Antibody Seroprevalence in a Selected Kenyan Pediatric Population

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Open journal of Pediatrics 2016年第4期6卷 316-323页

作者： Aggrey Wasunna Florence murila moses m. Obimbo mwaswere j. Rama Horatius musembi Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Human Anatomy Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Nursing Sciences Pwani University College Kenyatta University Kahawa Kenya Cicelly mcDonell School of Nursing the Nairobi Hospital Nairobi Kenya

The incidence of infection by Hepatitis A virus shows regional variation being highest in developing countries. Determination of age specific Hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence and the associated risk factors would help better plan for national preventive strategies including vaccination. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 300 children from Nairobi city, Kenya during the years 2003-2004. The age range of the children was 2 - 14 years and were from low and high socioeconomic status (SES) families. The indicators of SES included employment status, residence, number of children per patient’s household, parents’ level of education and source of drinking water. SES was encoded and analysed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SSPS) version 16.0. Seroprevalence increased significantly with advancing age. Seropositivity of HAV antibodies was significantly higher among children of low SES, 77.6% by the age of 14 years compared to children of high SES, 38.9% by the same age. Crowded household and parental education were significantly associated with high seropositivity and seronegativity respectively. There is significant rate of seronegativity amongst the studied population especially those from richer backgrounds making them more susceptible to severe infection in future with concomitant complications. We propose that revision of national vaccination program should be considered to include Hepatitis A vaccination.

关键词： Seroprevalence Hepatitis A Pediatrics

Controlling the gelation temperature of biomimetic polyisocyanides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第2期29卷 281-284页

作者： Paul H.j. Kouwer Paula de Almeida Onno ven den Boomen Zaskia H. Eksteen-Akeroyd Roel Hammink maarten jaspers Stijn Kragt mathijs F.j. mabesoone Roelandj.m. Nolte Alan E. Rowan martin G.T.A. Rutten Vincent A.A. Le Sage Daniel C. Schoenmakers Chengfen Xing jialiang xu Institute for molecules and materials Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 A J The Netherlands

Thermosensitive polymers show an entropy-driven transition from a well-solvated to a poorly solvated polymer chain, resulting in a more compact globular conformation. The transition at the lower critical solution temperature（LCST） is often sharp, which allows for a wide range of smart material *** the LCST, oligo（ethylene glycol）-substituted polyisocyanides（PICs） form soft hydrogels, composed of polymer bundles similar to biological gels, such as actin, fibrin and intermediate filaments. Here, we show that the LCST of PICs strongly depends linearly on the length of the ethylene glycol（EG） tails; every EG group increases the LCSTand thus the gelation temperature by nearly 30 ℃. Using a copolymerisation approach, we demonstrate that we can precisely tailor the gelation temperature between 10 ℃ and 60 ℃and, consequently, tune the mechanical properties of the PIC gels.

关键词： Smart materials Lower critical solution temperature Polyisocyanides mechanical properties Biomimetic polymers

Using a Collateral Damage model to Explain Survival Data in West Nile Virus Infections

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Advances in microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 251-262页

作者： james K. Peterson Alison m. Kesson Nicholas j. C. King Department of mathematical and Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Infectious Diseases and microbiology The Children’s Hospital Sydney Australia Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health The Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity University of Sydney Sydney Australia Discipline of Pathology University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Simulation code for a model of the adaptive immune response seen in flavivirus infections is used to explain the immunopathological consequences seen in West Nile Virus virus (WNV) infections. We use a model that specifically handles the differences in how the virus infects resting cells, the G0 state, versus dividing cells, the G1 state, which includes vastly increased mHC-I upregulation for resting cells over dividing cells. The simulation suggests how the infection progresses in a one host model and the results shed insight into the unusual survival curve data obtained for this infection: there is an increase in health even though viral load has increased.

关键词： Auto Immune Responses West Nile Virus Host Survival models mHC-I Upregulation IFN-γ Upregulation Free Antigen Levels

Brown Trout Redd Locations in the Northernmost Section of Spearfish Creek in Spearfish, South Dakota, USA

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Natural Resources 2022年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： michael j. Robidoux jill m. Voorhees Abigail Domagall michael E. Barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA School of Natural Sciences Environmental Physical Science Black Hills State University Spearfish South Dakota USA

Salmonid fish are known to reproduce throughout the Black Hills in South Dakota, however, it is not known when or where they are spawning or how successful their spawning is. This study documented for the first-time brown trout (Salmo trutta) redd locations and redd construction timing in a 1.6 km reach of Spearfish Creek, within the northern most part of the city of Spearfish, South Dakota, USA in 2020. Redds were first observed on October 13, 2020, with observations continuing until November 17 when no new redds were spotted. Redd construction peaked during the first week of November, with 52 observed. A total of 146 redds was recorded over the course of the study, resulting in a density of 91 redds/km. This is the first study to document redds in this section of Spearfish Creek. These observations will allow for comparisons to future spawning activity which may be impacted by the increased urbanization likely along this section of the creek. Hopefully, This study can also guide future research and habitat projects throughout this section of Spearfish Creek, and potentially throughout this region.

关键词： Brown Trout Redds Spawning Spearfish South Dakota

Viability and Proteolytic Capacity of Lactobacillus bulgaricus 2772 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during Cheese Ripening

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journal of Biosciences and medicines 2014年第3期2卷 7-12页

作者： L. G.Gonzalez-Olivares Z.L.Lopez-Cuellar j.Anorve-morga m.j.Franco-Fernandez A.Castaneda-Ovando E.Contreras-Lopez j.jaimez-Ordaz G.m.Rodriguez-Serrano Centro de InvestigacionesQuimicas Universidad Autonoma del Estado de HidalgoCarr.Pachuca-Tulancingo km.4.5PachucaHgo.C.P.42067Mexico Instituto de CienciasAgropecuarias Universidad Autonoma del Estado de HidalgoRancho Universitario Av.Universidad Km.1 Ex-Hda.deAquetzalpa AP 32TulancingoHgoMexico Departamento de Biotecnologia Universidad AutonomaMetropolitanaUnidadIztapalapaAP 55-355 Mexico D.F.Mexico

Nowadays, probiotics have been utilized as starter cultures in the elaboration of fermented dairy products such as cheese. The survival of probiotic microorganisms in this type of products is very important in order to have a beneficial effect after their consumption. In addition to this, milk proteins are considered an important source of bioactive peptides. These peptides have been identified in hydrolyzed products of milk proteins and dairy products such as cheese. In this study, the protective effect on the survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was determined in a cheese which was inoculated only with this probiotic microorganism, and in another cheese additionally inoculated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus 2772 (exopolysaccharide producer bacteria). The ripening of these cheeses took place for 28 days at two different temperatures (4°C and 14°C). The proteolytic?capacity was analyzed by measuring the concentration of free amino groups, through the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method (TNBS). The separation of peptides was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with 15% T. At the end of the study it was found that the population density was higher in the cheeses ripened at 14°C while at 4°C, it decreased. A?higher proteolytic activity at 14°C was also observed and it was determined by a higher concentration of free amino groups. Likewise, during the analysis of electrophoresis gels, a higher concentration of peptides smaller than 10 kDa was found in the samples of cheeses ripened at 14°C. These results increase the expectations to find peptides with a biological function.

关键词： Probiotics Lactic Bacteria Ripening Cheese Bioactive Peptides Proteolysis

Effects of prolonged methylphenidate treatment on amygdala reactivity and connectivity:a randomized controlled trial in stimulant treatment-naive,male participants with ADHD

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Psychoradiology 2021年第3期1卷 152-163页

作者： Antonia Kaiser marco A.Bottelier michiel B.de Ruiter michelle m.Solleveld Hyke G.H.Tamminga Cheima Bouziane Hilde m.Geurts Ramon j.L.Lindauer j.j.Sandra Kooij Paul j.Lucassen Anouk Schrantee Liesbeth Reneman Amsterdam UmC University of AmsterdamDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands 2University Medical Center GroningenChild Study CenterAccareGroningen9713GZthe Netherlands 3Netherlands Cancer InstituteDivision of Psychosocial Research and EpidemiologyAmsterdam1066CXthe Netherlands 4University of AmsterdamDutch Autism&ADHD Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyAmsterdam1018WTthe Netherlands 5Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamDepartment of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdam1105AZthe Netherlands 6Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryLevvelAmsterdam1076ECthe Netherlands 7Expertise Center Adult ADHDPsyQThe Hague2512VAthe Netherlands 8Amsterdam UMCVrije UniversiteitAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteDepartment of PsychiatryAmsterdam1105AZthe Netherlands 9University of AmsterdamBrain Plasticity GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesAmsterdam1012WXThe Netherlands

Background:Problems with emotional processing are widely reported in individuals with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Although methylphenidate(mPH)effectively alleviates inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD,its effects on emotional processing and internalizing symptoms have remained *** we previously found that acute mPH administration modulated neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in an age-dependent manner,the effects of prolonged administration remained ***:Therefore,we investigated:(i)whether prolonged mPH treatment influences neural substrates(amygdala reactivity and connectivity)of emotional processing,and(ii)whether these effects are modulated by ***:The“effects of Psychotropic drugs On Developing brain-mPH”(“ePOD-mPH”)randomized controlled trial was a 16-week double-blind,placebo-controlled,multi-center trial with mPH in 50 boys(10–12 years of age)and 49 men(23–40 years of age),all stimulant treatment-naive and diagnosed with *** performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance *** assessed their symptoms of ADHD and internalizing symptoms at baseline,during the trial(8 weeks),and 1 week after the trial end(17 weeks).Results and Conclusions:We did not find effects of prolonged mPH treatment on emotional processing,as measured by amygdala reactivity and connectivity and internalizing symptoms in this trial with stimulant treatment-naive *** differs from our findings on emotional processing following acute mPH administration and the effects of prolonged mPH treatment on the dopamine system,which were both modulated by ***,prolonged mPH treatment did improve ADHD symptoms,although depressive and anxiety symptoms showed a medication-independent ***,our data indicate that baseline internalizing symptoms may be used to predict mPH treatment effects on ADHD symptoms,particularly in(male)adults with ADH

关键词： ADHD fmRI emotional dysregulation internalizing symptoms amygdala face-matching paradigm