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Nine amino acids determine recognition of Verticillium dahliae effector Avel by tomato immune receptor Vel.

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Nine amino acids determine recognition of Verticillium dahli...

From Single Droplet to Column Design

从植物科学到农业发展——2012全国植物生物学大会

作者： jordi C.Boshoven Karunakaran Maruthachalam Krishna V.Subbarao bart p.h.j.thomma Laboratory of phytopathology Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of plant pathology University of California

Effectors are molecules secreted by plant pathogens to facilitate infection,often by suppression of plant immune *** infection on its hosts,the soil-borne vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae secretes effector protein Avel(for Avirulence on Ve1 tomato 1) that is recognized by the immune receptor Vel that is present in particular tomato *** Ave1 unambiguously contributes to fungal virulence on susceptible tomato genotypes,the intrinsic function of Avel for fungal infection is not known ***,homologs of *** Ave1(VdAve1),have been identified in the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis *** as XacpNp,and in the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporwn,Colletotrichum higginsianum and Cercospora beticola,as FoAvel,ChAve1 and CbAve1,*** using agroinfiltration in tobacco,we found these Avel homologs are differentially recognized by *** determine the region of Avel that is recognized by Ve1,targeted deletions and domain swaps were generated, based on the alignment of differentially recognized Avel *** show that the carboxyterminus of Ave1 determines the necrosis-inducing activity in Ve1 expressing ***,Ve1-mediated immunity can be induced by a nine amino acid sequence derived from the carboxyterminus of VdAve1.

关键词： pAMp receptor hypersensitive response(hR) Fusarium oxysporum Xanthomonas axonopodis Colletotrichum higginsianum Cercospora beticola XacpNp

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 212-216页

作者： hans-jrg bart Institute of Thermal process Engineering TU Kaiserslautern D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany

The technique state to design counter-current extraction columns is based on the performance of pilot plant experiments. The modelling is then either with the equilibrium or dispersion model, whereas in the latter the dispersion coefficient accounts for all hydrodynamic non-idealities. A new approach uses single droplet experiments to obtain the basic laws and functions governing droplet breakage, coalescence, relative velocity, and axial dispersion when using droplet populance balance models （DpBM）. The hydrodynamics simulation results show that the mean Sauter diameter, hold-up, and concentration profiles could be well predicted, which promotes the use of DpBM models for further applications in industrial scale.

关键词： single droplet column design countercurrent extraction droplet populance balance model

Isolation and Sorption Behavior of humic Acid from Zhongdian peat of Yunnan province,China

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pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 606-614页

作者： NING ping WANG hong-Bin pAN Bo h.-j. bart YANG Min College of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 （China） Lehrstuhl fiir Thermisehe Verfahrenstechnik University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern D-67653 （Germany）

The Zhongdian swamp meadow in Zhongdian,China is well known as "Shangri-la",where the peat has never been studied for its potential to interact with *** acid(hA) was extracted from Zhongdian peat using two methods,namely sodium pyrophosphate extraction(SpE) and dilute base extraction(DBE),and characterized for its functional groups and sorption *** hAs extracted by both methods contained several active functional groups and had large external specific surface *** adsorption mechanism of methylene blue onto hAs was interpreted as Langmuir ***-hA showed higher sorption capacity because of its larger specific surface area,whereas the extraction yield of DBE-hA was twice that of *** modeling indicated that the sorption of methylene blue was a two-component first order *** component with the higher rate constant also showed higher sorption *** ph effect was observed for methylene blue sorption on hA in our experimental design,and the sorption decreased as the temperature increased.

关键词： extraction kinetics modeling Langmuir methylene blue Shangri-la

First report of a de novo germline mutation in the MLh1 gene

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第5期12卷 809-811页

作者： Rein p Stulp Yvonne j Vos bart Mol Arend Karrenbeld Monique de Raad huub jC van der Mijle Rolf h Sijmons Department of Clmical Genetics University Medical Center GroningenPO Box 300019700 RB GroningenThe Netherlands Department of pathology University Medical Center GroningenPO Box 300019700 RB GroningenThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Nij Smellinghe HospitalPO Box 202009200 DA DrachtenThe Netherlands

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma （hNpCC） is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with colorectal and endometrial cancer and a range of other tumor types. Germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair （MMR） genes, particularly MLh1, MEh2, and MEh5, underlie this disorder. The vast majority of these hNpCC-associated mutations have been proven, or assumed, given the family history of cancer, to be transmitted through several generations. To the best of our knowledge, only a single case of a de novo germline MMR gene mutation （in MEh2） has been reported till now. here, we report a patient with a de novo mutation in MLh1. We identified a MLh1 Q701X truncating mutation in the blood lymphocytes of a male who had been diagnosed with rectal cancer at the age of 35. his family history of cancer was negative for the first- and second-degree relatives. The mutation could not be detected in the patient＇s parents and sibling and paternity was confirmed with a set of highly polymorphic markers. Non-penetrance and small family size is the common explanation of verified negative family histories of cancer in patients with a germline MMR gene mutation. however, in addition to some cases explained by non-paternity, de novo germline mutations should be considered as a possible explanation as well. As guidelines that stress not to restrict MMR gene mutation testing to patients with a positive family history are more widely introduced, more cases of de novo MMR gene germline mutations may be revealed.

关键词： MLh1 de novo hNpCC Germline mutation

Ultra-strong and ductile precipitation-strengthened high entropy alloy with 0.5%Nb addition produced by laser additive manufacturing

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第20期187卷 195-211页

作者： Wei Zhang Ali Chabok hui Wang jiajia Shen j.p.Oliveira Shaochuan Feng Nobert Schell bart j.Kooi Yutao pei Advanced production Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGthe Netherlands Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGthe Netherlands UNIDEMI Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringNOVA School Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica 2829-516Portugal CENIMAT/I3N Department of Materials ScienceNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516 CaparicaPortugal School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Materials physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1GeesthachtD-21502Germany

Achieving a superior strength-ductility combination for fcc single-phase high entropy alloys(hEAs)is *** present work investigates the in-situ synthesis of Fe_(49.5)Mn_(30)Co_(10)Cr_(10)C_(0.5)interstitial solute-strengthened hEA containing 0.5 wt.%Nb(hereafter referred to as ihEA-Nb)using laser melt-ing deposition(LMD),aiming at simultaneously activating multiple strengthening *** effect of Nb addition on the microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,strengthening and deformation mechanisms of the as-deposited ihEA-Nb samples was comprehensively *** levels of het-erogeneity were observed in the LMD-deposited microstructure,including different grain sizes,cellular subgrain structures,various carbide precipitates,as well as elemental *** incorporation of Nb atoms with a large radius leads to lattice distortion,reduces the average grain size,and increases the types and fractions of carbides,aiding in promoting solid solution strengthening,grain boundary strengthening,and precipitation *** test results show that the Nb addition significantly increases the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the ihEA to 1140 and 1450 Mpa,respectively,while maintaining the elongation over 30%.Deformation twins were generated in the tensile deformed samples,contributing to the occurrence of twinning-induced *** outstanding combination of strength and ductility exceeds that for most additively manufactured hEAs reported to date,demon-strating that the present in situ alloying strategy could provide significant advantages for developing and tailoring microstructures and balancing the mechanical properties of hEAs while avoiding conventional complex thermomechanical *** addition,single-crystal micropillar compression tests revealed that although the twining activity is reduced by the Nb addition to the ihEA,the micromechanical prop-erties of grains with different orientations were signi

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing high entropy alloy In situ alloying precipitation strengthening Deformation mechanism Mechanical properties

Effects of(-)stepholidine in animal models for schizophrenia

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Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第9期27卷 1111-1118页

作者： bart A ELLENBROEK 6500 hB Nijmegen Department of Cognitive Neurosciences Section Molecular Neurobiology The Netherlands University of Nijmegen

Aim:(-)Stepholidine(SpD)is an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Stephaniaintermedia,which binds to the dopamine D1and D2like ***,electrophysiological and behavioural experiments have provided strong evidencethat SpD is both a D1and a D2antagonist,which could make SpD a uniqueantipsychotic *** present study aimed to investigate the antipsychoticproperties of SpD in two animal models for ***:The effectsof SpD,clozapine and haloperidol in increasing forelimb and hindlimb retractiontime in the paw test and in reversing the apomorphine and MK801-induced dis-ruption of prepulse inhibition was ***:In the paw test,clozapineand SpD increased the hindlimb retraction time,with only a marginal effect on theforelimb retraction time,whereas haloperidol potently increased *** theprepulse inhibition paradigm,all three drugs reverse the apomorphine-induceddisruption in prepulse inhibition,while none of the drugs could reverse the MK801-induced *** even slightly,but significantly,potentiated the effectsof ***:The data show that SpD showed antipsychotic-like ef-fects in both the prepulse inhibition paradigm and in the paw ***,theresults of the paw test suggest that SpD has an atypical character with a relativelysmall potency to induce extrapyramidal side effects.

关键词： acoustic startle response antipsyehotics apomorphine dopamine D1 receptor dopamine D2 receptor MK801 paw test prepulse inhibition clozapine haloperidol

Triassic to Cenozoic multi-stage intra-plate deformation focused near the Bogd Fault system,Gobi Altai,Mongolia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第5期6卷 723-740页

作者： Douwe j.j.van hinsbergen Dickson Cunningham Gijsbert B.Straathof Morgan Ganerod bart W.h.hendriks Arjan h.Dijkstra Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University Department of Environmental Earth Science.Eastern Connecticut State University SGS horizon B.V. Stationsplein 6.2270 JB VoorburgThe Netherlands Geological Survey of Norway.Center of Geodynamics Statoil ASA.Rotvoll Norway School of Geography.Earth and Environmental Sciences.plymouth University

The Gobi Altai region of southern Mongolia has been in the Eurasian plate interior since the midMesozoic,yet has experienced episodic phases of deformation since that *** this paper,we document field evidence to characterize and date the intra-plate tectonic history of the Gobi Altai region from the Triassic to the *** this end,we provide detailed mapping of the structure and stratigraphy of the eastern flanks of *** Bogd that contains the widest variety of rock-time units in the *** carry out geochronological analysis of basaltic lavas and basement granite in the *** demonstrate that a crystalline basement with a 502 ± 8 Ma granitoid（U/pb） underwent two phases of basin formation in the *** we date with new40Ar/39Ar lava ages of 218.5 ± 1.5,123.2 ± 0.7 and 124.8 ± 1.2 Ma,*** phases are linked to deposition of fluvio-lacustrine sediments and trap-like basaltic volcanics,with cumulative thicknesses of 1000-1500 *** basins were likely north-facing half-grabens that developed underN-S extension,but were subsequently overthrusted by paleozoic and older crystalline basement during a less well constrained,but likely mid-Cretaceous phase of N-S shortening and basin *** results are consistent with recent seismic imaging of rift basins100 km to the NE of the study area where a similar history was *** multiple phases of intra-plate deformation appear to have parallel structural trends,most likely due to reactivated paleozoic basement structures created during the original terrane amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt continental *** strong basement heterogeneity may predispose it to reactivation,and make it sensitive to changes in the overall stress field of the Eurasian plate driven by forces at its margins and *** study of Mongolia’s multi-stage tectonic history may thus provide a key proxy for the long-term dynamics of the Eurasian *** addition,the repeated reactivation

关键词： Ar/Ar geochronology Intra-plate deformation U/pb geochronology Compression Extension

haplotype of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第38期11卷 6003-6008页

作者： David G Cox j bart A Crusius petra hM peeters h Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita A Salvador pe(n|~)a Federico Canzian International Agency for Research on Cancer Laboratory of Immunogenetics julius Center for health Sciences and primary Care Department of Epidemiology Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Department of Gastroenterology

AIM： prostaglandin G/h synthase 2 （pTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. pTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of pTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of pTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METhODS： We genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the pTG52 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex pCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5＇ exonuclease assay （TaqMan）. New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS： Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn＇s disease （odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57）, and allele 8473T with ulcerativecolitis （OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27）. The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD （OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15）. This haplotype, while rare （-0.3%） in the general population, is found more frequently in patients （3.5%）. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that this haplotype of pTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease prostaglandin G/h synthase Cyclooxygenase SNp haplotype

CFB cyclones at high temperature:Operational results and design assessment

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particuology 2008年第3期6卷 149-156页

作者： Raf Dewil jan Baeyens bart Caerts Department of Chemical Engineering Associated Faculty of Technology and Bio-sciencesCampus De NayerKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenJan De Nayerlaan 5B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-WaverBelgium Department of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem De Croylaan 46B-3001 HeverleeBelgium

pressure drop and cut size measurements are reported for a full scale cyclone operating within a 58 MWth CFB-combustor unit at 775 ℃. The paper reviews the vast number of equations to calculate the pressure drop and separation efficiency of cyclones, generally for operation at ambient temperature and at low Cs [〈0.5]. None of the literature correlations predicts the pressure drop with a fair accuracy within the range of experimental operating conditions. The cut size d50 can be estimated using direct empirical methods or using the Stokes number, Stk50. Both methods were used to compare measured and predicted values of d50. With the exception of Muschelknautz and Krambrock, none of the equations made accurate predictions. Finally, an alternative method to determine the friction factor of the pressure drop equation （Euler number, Eu） and of the cut size is proposed. The Eu number is determined from the geometry of common cyclones, and the derived value of Stk50 defines more accurate cut sizes. The remaining discrepancy of less than 5%, when compared with the measured values, is tentatively explained in terms of a reduced cyclone diameter due to the solids layer formed near its wall. Further measurements, mostly using positron emission particle tracking, elucidate the particle motion in the cyclone and both tracking results and the influence of the particle movement on Eu and Stk50 will be discussed in a follow-up paper.

关键词： Cyclone high loading high temperature Combustor