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Electrochemically-stimulated nanoscale mechanochemical wear of silicon

摩擦:英文版 2023年第11期11卷 2142-2152页

作者： Chen XIAO Stefan VAN VLIET Roland BLIEM bart WEBER Steve FRANKLIN Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography(ARCNL) Amsterdam 1098XGthe Netherlands Van der Waals–Zeeman Institute Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Amsterdam(UvA)Amsterdam 1098XGthe Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK

Mechanochemical reactions at the sliding interface between a single-crystalline silicon(Si)wafer and a silica(SiO2)microsphere were studied in three environmental conditions:humid air,potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and KCl solution with an applied *** to that from humid air,mechanochemical material removal from the silicon surface increased substantially in the KCl-immersed condition,and further increased when electrochemistry was introduced into the tribological *** measuring the load dependence of the material removal rate and analyzing the results using a mechanically assisted Arrhenius-type kinetic model,the activation energy(E_(a))and the mechanical energy(E_(m)),by which this energy is reduced by mechanical activation,were compared qualitatively under different environmental *** the KCl-immersed condition,mechanochemistry may decrease the required effective energy of reactions(E_(eff)=E_(a)−E_(m))and promote material removal mainly through improved catalysis of the mechanochemical reactions facilitated by greater availability of water molecules compared to the humid air ***,the effectiveness of the mechanochemistry is *** the electrochemical condition,electrochemically-accelerated oxidation of the silicon surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** results strongly suggest that electrochemistry further stimulates mechanochemical reactions primarily by increasing the initial energy state of the surface via the facilitated formation of interfacial bonding bridges,i.e.,a surface oxidation/hydroxylation process.

关键词： spherical contact adhesive wear normal loading power law

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Parameter Ecology for Feedback Vertex Set

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2014年第4期19卷 387-409页

作者： bart M.P.Jansen Venkatesh Raman Martin Vatshelle the Department of Informatics University of Bergen 5005 Bergen Norway the Institute of Mathematical Sciences Chennai India

This paper deals with the FEEDBACK VERTEX SET problem on undirected graphs, which asks for the existence of a vertex set of bounded size that intersects all cycles. Due it is theoretical and practical importance,the problem has been the subject of intensive study. Motivated by the parameter ecology program we attempt to classify the parameterized and kernelization complexity of FEEDBACK VERTEX SET for a wide range of *** survey known results and present several new complexity classifications. For example, we prove that FEEDBACK VERTEX SET is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a chordal graph. We also prove that the problem admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a pseudo forest, a graph in which every connected component has at most one cycle. In contrast, we prove that a slightly smaller parameterization does not allow for a polynomial kernel unless NP coNP=poly and the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses.

关键词： feedback vertex set parameterized complexity parameter ecology program structural parameterizations kernelization

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Novel Hyperbranched Polyurethane Brushes for Biomedical Applications

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2007年第5期46卷 612-,616页

作者： Ton Loontjens bart Plum University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AGGroningen the NetherlandsDSM research Urmonderbaan 22 6160MDGeleen the Neterhlands DSM research Urmonderbaan 22 6160MDGeleen the Neterhlands

1 Results The objective was to make hyperbranched (HB) polyurethane brushes with reactive end groups, to coat biomedical devices and to enable the introduction of various functionalities that are needed to fulfill biomedical *** materials should fulfill at least three requirements: (1) good mechanical properties, (2) good biocompatibility and (3) provided with functionalities to perform the required tasks. Since polyurethanes are able to fulfill the first 2 requirements we focused in this w...

关键词： hyperbranched brushes biomedical blocked isocyanates polyurethanes/urea

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Numerical Approaches for Linear Left-invariant Diffusions on SE(2), their Comparison to Exact Solutions, and their Applications in Retinal Imaging

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2016年第1期9卷 1-50页

作者： Jiong Zhang Remco Duits Gonzalo Sanguinetti bart Mter Haar Romeny Department of Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Image Analysis(BMIA) Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Image Science and Technology(IST/e) Eindhoven University of Technology P.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands Northeastern University ShenyangChina

Left-invariant PDE-evolutions on the roto-translation group SE(2)(and their resolvent equations)have been widely studied in the fields of cortical model-ing and image *** include hypo-elliptic diffusion(for contour enhance-ment)proposed by Citti&Sarti,and Petitot,and they include the direction process(for contour completion)proposed by *** paper presents a thorough study and comparison of the many numerical approaches,which,remarkably,are missing in the *** numerical approaches can be classified into 3 categories:Finite difference methods,Fourier based methods(equivalent to SE(2)-Fourier methods),and stochastic methods(Monte Carlo simulations).There are also 3 types of exact solutions to the PDE-evolutions that were derived explicitly(in the spatial Fourier domain)in previous works by Duits and van Almsick in *** we provide an overview of these 3 types of exact solutions and explain how they relate to each of the 3 numerical *** compute relative errors of all nu-merical approaches to the exact solutions,and the Fourier based methods show us the best performance with smallest relative *** also provide an improvement of Mathematica algorithms for evaluating Mathieu-functions,crucial in implemen-tations of the exact ***,we include an asymptotical analysis of the singularities within the kernels and we propose a probabilistic extension of un-derlying stochastic processes that overcomes the singular behavior in the origin of time-integrated ***,we show retinal imaging applications of combining left-invariant PDE-evolutions with invertible orientation scores.

关键词： Brownian motion Euclidean motion group PDE’s on SE(2) Mathieu operators contour completion contour enhancement retinal imaging

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A review on barrier layers used in flexible stainless-steel based CIGS photovoltaic devices

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 187-198页

作者： Sarallah Hamtaei Guy Brammertz Jef Poortmans bart Vermang imec imo-imomecThor Park 83203600 GenkBelgium Hasselt University(partner in Solliance) imo-imomecMartelarenlaan 423500 HasseltBelgium EnergyVille imo-imomecThor Park 83203600 GenkBelgium KU Leuven Department of Electrical EngineeringKasteelpark Arenberg 103001 HeverleeBelgium

Two primary engineering challenges are en route to fabricating high-performance flexible stainless-steel based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)_(2)solar cells;Growing absorbers without contamination from the substrate,and providing alkali dopants to the *** former is chiefly addressed by introducing a barrier layer,and the latter by post-deposition treatment or including dopant-containing layers in the *** we organize these solutions and different approaches in an accessible ***,reports on interaction between contamination and alkali elements are discussed,as is the impact of barrier layer properties on the interconnect ***,we make recommendations to consolidate the multitude of sometimes inharmonious solutions.

关键词： CIGS barrier absorber

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Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 218-228页

作者： Zhijuan Zhao Shaoyuan Shi Hongbin Cao Yujiao Li bart Van der Bruggen Division of Environment Technology and Engineering CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Research Center of Process Pollution Control State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology

Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate(MS), sodium benzene sulfonate(BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate(NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane(AEM) in electrodialysis(ED),to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order:SDBS > SDS > NSS > BS > MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and/or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.

关键词： Anion exchange membrane Different structural organics Membrane fouling Property characterization Fouling mechanism analyses

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Combining flamelet-generated manifold and machine learning models in simulation of a non-premixed diffusion flame

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 173-188页

作者： Kaimeng Li Pourya Rahnama Ricardo Novella bart Somers Power&Flow–Department of Mechanical Engineering.Technical University of Eindhoven.P.O.Box 513 5600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands CMT–Motores T´ermicos.Universidad Polit´ecnica de Valencia.Camino de Vera s/n E-46022 ValenciaSpain

Flamelet Generated Manifold(FGM)is an example of a chemistry tabulation or a flamelet method that is under attention because of its accuracy and speed in predicting combustion ***,the main problem in applying the model is a large amount of memory *** way to solve this problem is to apply machine learning(ML)to replace the stored tabulated *** different machine learning methods,including two Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs),a Random Forest(RF),and a Gradient Boosted Trees(GBT),are trained,validated,and compared in terms of various performance *** progress variable source term and transport properties are replaced with the ML *** attention was paid to the progress variable source term due to its high gradient and wide range of its value in the control variables *** preprocessing is shown to play an essential role in improving the performance of the *** ensemble models,namely RF and GBT,exhibit high training efficiency and acceptable *** the other hand,the ANN models have lower training errors and take longer to *** four models are then combined with a one-dimensional combustion code to simulate a counterflow non-premixed diffusion flame in engine-relevant *** predictions of the ML-FGM models are compared with detailed chemical simulations and the original FGM model for key combustion properties and representative species profiles.

关键词： Flamelet models Tabulated chemistry models Computational fluid dynamics Machine learning Non-premixed diffusion flame

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nPAKE^+:A Tree-Based Group Password-authenticated Key Exchange Protocol Using Different Passwords

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 138-151页

作者：万志国邓慧杰鲍丰 bart Preneel 顾明 Key Laboratory for Information System Security Ministry of Education National Laboratory for Information Science and TechnologySchool of SoftwareTsinghua University School of Information Systems Singapore Management UniversitySingapore Institute for Infocomm Research 21 Heng Mui Keng TerraceSingapore K.U.Leuven ESAT/SCDKasteelpark Arenberg 10LeuvenBelgium

Although two-party password-authenticated key exchange （PAKE） protocols have been intensively studied in recent years, group PAKE protocols have received little attention. In this paper, we propose a tree-based group PAKE protocol - nPAKE^＋ protocol under the setting where each party shares an independent password with a trusted server. The nPAKE^＋ protocol is a novel combination of the hierarchical key tree structure and the password-based Diffie-Hellman exchange, and hence it achieves substantial gain in computation efficiency. In particular, the computation cost for each client in our protocol is only O（log n）. Additionally, the hierarchical feature of nPAKE^＋ enables every subgroup to obtain its own subgroup key in the end. We also prove the security of our protocol under the random oracle model and the ideal cipher model.

关键词： security protocol password-authenticated key exchange group key agreement

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Laboratory study on the formation of Al2O3 inclusions at the on-set of deoxidation and during reoxidation

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2011年第1期5卷 69-76页

作者： Marie-Aline VAN ENDE Muxing GUO bart BLANPAIN Patrick WOLLANTS Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 44- bus 2450 BE-3001 Leuven Belgium Unite d＇lngeniede des Materiaux et des Procedes Universite Catholique de Louvain Place Sainte Barbe 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

The formation of Al2O3 inclusions in liquid iron has been investigated in a resistance heated tube furnace to obtain deoxidation and reoxidation related data. The formation of inclusions during the early stages of deoxidation was simulated by bringing a piece of AI in contact for a short time with liquid Fe containing different dissolved oxygen levels. Reoxidation was studied by exposing AI containing Fe melts to a CO/CO2 atmosphere, Through modeling, an estimate of the local and time-dependent growth conditions for the inclusions can be made and linked to the inclusion characteristics.

关键词： steel cleanliness Al2O3 inclusions deoxidation reoxidation morphology

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Bio-inspired robotic manta ray powered by ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2012年第4期3卷 296-308页

作者： Zheng Chen Tae I.Um Hilary bart-Smith Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA

The manta ray(Manta birostris)is the largest species of rays that demonstrates excellent swimming capabilities via large-amplitude flapping of its pectoral *** this article,we present a bio-inspired robotic manta ray using ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)as artificial muscles to mimic the swimming behavior of the manta *** robot utilizes two artificial pectoral fins to generate undulatory flapping motions,which produce thrust for the *** pectoral fin consists of an IPMC muscle in the leading edge and a passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane in the trailing *** the IPMC is actuated,the passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane follows the bending of the leading edge with a phase delay,which leads to an undulatory flapping motion on the *** of the pectoral fin has shown that the fin can generate flapping motions with up to 100%tip deflection and 40◦twist *** test the free-swimming performance of the robot,a light and compact on-board control unit with a lithium ion polymer battery has been *** experimental results have shown that the robot can swim at 0.067 BL/s with portable power consumption of under 2.5 W.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscle bio-inspired robot

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