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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease—Two Pandemics, One Success

World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 236-242页

作者： Robert Philip Eaton barry ramo.martin hickey David S. Schade Division of General Internal Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA New Heart Fitness and Health Albuquerque NM USA New Mexico State Senator Albuquerque NM USA

Background: COVID-19 has had a major impact on all facets of life in the United States. Its devastating effects have resulted in the mobilization of major resources, both at the national, state, and individual levels. This mobilization has resulted in vaccination, personal preventive measures, and new therapies to combat this illness. As a result, the rates of new infections, hospitalizations, and deaths have greatly diminished, minimizing the associated morbidity and mortality. Purpose: What has not been appreciated is that a more serious epidemic has continued unabated in the United States and the Western world. This article emphasizes the importance of a national effort to eradicate cardiovascular disease. Methods: Cardiovascular disease has caused more deaths than COVID-19 in almost all months since the COVID-19 epidemic was first recognized in December 2020. In fact, cardiovascular disease has caused more deaths than either all cancers combined or infections for the last two decades. The tragedy of this truth is that effective therapy is currently available for preventing and reversing cardiovascular disease at a very low cost. What is required is a concerted effort and commitment by all legislative and medical organizations to allocate the resources to abolish asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. Results: Recognition and mobilization of resources to combat this epidemic are much overdue with the resultant savings of lives and billions of dollars. It is past time for the medical establishment to support the national identification of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease and initiate treatment before patients become symptomatic with this deadly disease. Conclusion: The national experience with COVID-19 has demonstrated what can be accomplished when a national concerted effort is made to address a devastating medical epidemic. This commitment is not only feasible for cardiovascular disease, but is also necessary for the benefit of all people in the world.

关键词： Epidemic Cardiovascular COVID-19 Heart Attack Death Rate

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The Bisq decentralised exchange: on the privacy cost of participation

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 13-22页

作者： Liam hickey martin Harrigan Institute of Technology CarlowR93 V960Ireland

The Bisq Trade Protocol and the Bisq DAO(decentralised autonomous organisation)are core components of Bisq,a decentralised cryptocurrency *** Bisq Trade Protocol systematises the peer-to-peer trading of Bitcoin for other currencies and the Bisq DAO decentralises the governance and finance functions of the entire ***,by following the Bisq Trade Protocol and interacting with the Bisq DAO,participants necessarily publish data to the Bitcoin blockchain and broadcast additional data to the Bisq peer-to-peer *** examine the privacy cost to participants in sharing this ***,we use novel address clustering heuristics to construct the one-to-many mappings from participants to addresses on the Bitcoin blockchain and augment the address clusters with data stored within the Bisq peer-to-peer *** describe address clustering heuristics for both the Bisq Trade Protocol and the Bisq *** show that the heuristics aggregate activity performed by each participant:trading,voting,transfers,*** identify instances where participants are operating under multiple aliases,some of which are real-world *** identify the dominant transactors and their role in a two-sided *** conclude with suggestions to better protect the privacy of participants in the future.

关键词： Decentralised exchange Blockchain analysis Decentralised governance Cryptocurrency Privacy

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The Application of the LDL Principle

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2016年第5期6卷 109-125页

作者： David S. Schade Brendan Cavanaugh barry ramo R. Philip Eaton Division of Endocrinology DoIM School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA New Mexico Heart Institute Albuquerque NM USA

The LDL Principle has recently been invoked to describe the observation that lowering the LDL cholesterol (by whatever means) results in a lowering of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. The scientific basis of the LDL Principle dates back to the discovery that the LDL receptor is the prime determinant of the circulating LDL-c concentration. Since that time, major advances have been made at both the basic and clinical science level in our understanding of the pathogenesis and reversal of atherosclerosis. The incorporation of atherogenic lipoproteins plus inflammatory mediators into plaque formation permits the targeted intervention into preventing plaque rupture. In addition, genetic studies identifying individuals with unique phenotypes of either abnormally high or low LDL-c concentrations have provided insight into possible therapeutic modalities that have recently provided the physician with the tools necessary to apply the LDL Principle to achieve reversal of atherosclerosis. The epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has resulted in numerous randomized controlled intervention trials in an attempt to identify approaches to reduce ASCD morbidity and mortality. Recently published data indicate that circulating LDL-c levels of 50 mg/dl or less are not only physiologic at birth but also effective in greatly reducing cardiovascular disease. In addition, the recent availability of two PCSK9 inhibitors provides the primary care physician with the possibility of achieving this low level of LDL-c even in statin intolerant patients. The widespread availability of the coronary artery calcium scan plus the inclusion of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in risk assessment has enabled the physician to readily identify asymptomatic individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events. Aggressively applying the LDL Principle to these individuals has the potential of greatly reducing cardiovascular mortality. This review will document the scientific basis for

关键词： LDL Principle Atherosclerosis Myocardial Infarction Atherosclerosis Reversal LDL Cholesterol

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Derotational osteotomy and internal fixation of a 180°malrotated humerus:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第10期13卷 940-948页

作者： Katharina Elisabeth Wenning Thomas Armin Schildhauer Clifford barry Jones martin Franz Hoffmann Department of General and Trauma Surgery BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochum 44789Germany Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Creighton Medical School PhoenixPhoenix85012United States

BACKGROUND Humeral shaft fractures are relatively common in *** malalignment is reported as one complication but severe rotational deformity of the humerus is extremely *** our knowledge,only three cases of symptomatic humeral malrotation have been *** are sparse literature reports of humeral reconstruction *** SUMMARY We present a case of extreme rotational deformity of the humerus(180°)after humeral shaft *** patient complained of pain and difficulties with activities of daily *** addition,she found the deformity cosmetically ***,she was searching for surgical *** of the radial nerve followed by derotational osteotomy of the humerus and internal fixation were ***,the patient demonstrated transient iatrogenic radial nerve palsy which recovered completely during postoperative *** Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score improved from 55 preoperatively to 16 at the final 2-year *** Single-stage radial neurolysis,derotational osteotomy and stable fixation is a feasible option to improve anatomic and functional problems of severely malrotated humeral shaft fractures.

关键词： Humerus Malrotation Corrective osteotomy Plate osteosynthesis Radial nerve palsy Case report

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The Rationale for a Different Approach to Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第7期9卷 489-510页

作者： David S. Schade barry ramo S. Scott Obenshain Ron Schrader R. Philip Eaton Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM USA New Heart Fitness and Health Albuquerque NM USA Department of Pediatrics University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM USA Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

The Problem: We have previously suggested that an alternative approach to preventing cardiovascular disease is necessary because atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been increasing for the last 50 years and has now reached epidemic status. Since the year 2000, approximately 600,000 heart attacks and ASCVD related deaths have occurred annually in the United States. It is the most common cause of death in the U.S., more than all cancers combined. The financial costs are staggering, amounting to 555 billion dollars per year in direct and indirect costs. Outlook for an improvement in these statistics is not encouraging as the U.S. population continues to become more obese and to develop diabetes. The Question: Why is ASCVD continuing to be a major challenge to healthcare providers when the pathogenesis is known and inexpensive preventative treatment is available? The reasons are multiple and complex. First, present financial reimbursement policies of healthcare organizations reward treatment of a disease and its complications instead of preventing the disease. Second, professional guidelines and treatment goals are often too complex, subject to interpretation, and time-consuming to be useful in the clinical setting. Third, no specific follow-up of patients at risk for ASCVD is recommended when the risk assessment changes. Fourth, many expensive cardiovascular diagnostic tests are utilized without meeting appropriate guidelines for their use. Fifth, treatment of individuals without first proving the presence of disease results in poor adherence to therapy. The Solution: This article describes the rationale for a new approach to the prevention of ASCVD in asymptomatic individuals. It is based upon preventing ASCVD by identifying all asymptomatic individuals with subclinical disease before an ASCVD event occurs. It recommends that all adults be screened for ASCVD on or before the age of 50 using a non-invasive atherosclerosis specific coronary artery calcium

关键词： Cardiovascular Disease Preventing ASCVD

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Guidelines for the Prevention of Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease, Based upon the Presence of Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque—Provided by the Society for the Prevention of Symptomatic Heart Disease

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2022年第6期12卷 320-341页

作者： David S. Schade Scott Obenshain martin hickey Jennifer Febbo Samuel Wann Robert Philip Eaton University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA

Introduction: The epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Western World accounts for the majority of morbidity and mortality in adults. This disease is on the increase, and previous recommendations using “risk equations” to prescribe preventive treatment have not been successful in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, compliance with statin medication has been limited, with approximately 50% of individuals being non-compliant within five years. This situation is unacceptable since atherosclerosis is both preventable and reversible. Methods: The guidelines presented in this article utilize coronary artery calcium scanning as the basis for preventative therapeutic decisions and identifying the presence of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. This radiographic technique is superior to “risk equations” in predicting future cardiovascular events. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the lifelong insults to the coronary artery vascular endothelium and the resulting inflammation. Coronary artery calcium scanning is widely available, inexpensive, safe, and reproducible. It has the major advantage of increasing treatment compliance in patients with positive coronary artery calcium scores. Results: All suggested guidelines are supported by published scientific data. Citations are provided to allow the reader to obtain further information. The authors are available for further consultation. Each guideline provides specific recommendations that the primary caregiver can discuss with the patient. Patient involvement in decision-making is strongly recommended. Both treatment costs and adverse effects are minimal. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the early identification of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease and its aggressive treatment will result in regression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Adoption of these guidelines will stop the epidemic of symptomatic heart disease and result in healthier and more satisfied patients.

关键词： Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease Coronary Artery Calcium Scan Myocardial Infarction Cardiovascular Risk Atherosclerosis Risk Equations

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Preventing Heart Disease via Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring to Make a Definitive Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2022年第10期12卷 457-462页

作者： David S. Schade Samuel Wann martin hickey Scott Obenshain Jennifer Febbo Robert Philip Eaton University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque New Mexico USA

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the Western world. The purpose of this manuscript is to compare the benefits and deficiencies of coronary artery calcium scanning versus computer generated risk equations in identifying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These two approaches provide significantly different cardiovascular risk assessments and often lead to therapeutic differences in recommendations from the physician to the patient. Methods: Pertinent medical literature is reviewed concerning both risk assessment approaches (i.e., coronary artery scanning and computer generated risk equations). The strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are discussed, and recommendations are provided based upon available data. Results: Cardiovascular risk equations are simple and readily obtained at no charge by physicians. However, their drawbacks are several, including non-applicability to specific populations, disagreements among different cardiovascular society risk equations, wide ranges of risk outputs (e.g., intermediate 10-year risk is between 5% and 20%), inability to definitively identify coronary artery plaques, and lack of definitive anatomical coronary disease. Alternatively, coronary artery calcium scanning costs approximately $100/scan (if not covered by insurance), requires time and effort by the patient, and exposes the patient to a minimal amount of radiation. However, coronary calcium scanning identifies specific atherosclerotic coronary disease and provides additional information about the anatomical location (i.e., coronary artery) of the atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, coronary artery calcium scanning is the preferred approach for identifying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although there are minor drawbacks, overall it provides superior clinical information compared with computer generated risk equations.

关键词： Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease Coronary Artery Calcium Scan Preventive Medical Therapy Cardiovascular Risk

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正电子发射断层成像术在肥厚型心肌病中的应用：发现微血管功能异常所致的心肌低灌注

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中华心血管病杂志 2009年第12期37卷 1069-1073页

作者： Franco Cecchi Iacopo Olivotto Massimo Baldi martin S. Maron barry J. Maron Florence 50129 Dipartimento cuore e vasi-S. Lucavecchio Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Division of Cardiology Tufts-New England Medical Center Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation

肥厚型心肌病是最常见的遗传性心脏疾病，其在人群中患病率约为2／1000，以表型表达和临床表现差异极大为特点——从完全无症状到猝死、疾病进展和心力衰竭相关并发症等。微血管水平的心肌缺血与疾病表达和临床后果密切相关，是一些致... 详细信息

肥厚型心肌病是最常见的遗传性心脏疾病，其在人群中患病率约为2／1000，以表型表达和临床表现差异极大为特点——从完全无症状到猝死、疾病进展和心力衰竭相关并发症等。微血管水平的心肌缺血与疾病表达和临床后果密切相关，是一些致命性并发症，如室性心律失常、猝死、左心室重构和收缩功能障碍的直接原因。至今，肥厚型心肌病患者心肌缺血的评估还存在一定技术和实际的困难，尚没有纳入到规范的临床实践中，亦没有列入肥厚型心肌病的诊疗指南。

关键词：肥厚型心肌病正电子发射断层成像术微血管功能异常遗传性心脏疾病低灌注相关并发症室性心律失常

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莫哈格的秘密

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作者： (加)马丁·巴里(martin barry)

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Genome-Wide Sequencing of 41 Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Mutated Lines Reveals Diverse Mutations Induced by Fast-Neutron Irradiation

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1078-1081页

作者： Li, Guotian Chern, Mawsheng Jain, Rashmi martin, Joel A. Schackwitz, Wendy S. Jiang, Liangrong Vega-Sanchez, Miguel E. Lipzen, Anna M. barry, Kerrie W. Schmutz, Jeremy Ronald, Pamela C. Univ Calif Davis Dept Plant Pathol Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Calif Davis Genome Ctr Davis CA 95616 USA Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Feedstocks Div Joint BioEnergy Inst Berkeley CA 94720 USA US DOE Joint Genome Inst Walnut Creek CA 94598 USA Xiamen Univ Sch Life Sci Xiamen 361102 Peoples R China HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol Huntsville AL 35806 USA Monsanto Co Chesterfield Village Campus Chesterfield MO 63017 USA

Fast-neutron （FN） irradiation has been used to create mutagen- ized collections of many plant species （Bolon et al., 2014）, FN- induced mutagenesis has clear advantages： it is an efficient means of saturating the genome, and it does not involve time- consuming plant transformation or tissue culture. In rice, most mutant collections, although highly valuable, were generated us- ing either T-DNA insertion or transposon tagging approaches that often induce mutations unlinked to the insertion and complicating analysis （Wang et al., 2013）. Another disadvantage of some of these collections is that they were created in rice varieties that are photoperiod-sensitive and often have long generation times.

关键词： mutagenesis genome valuable

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