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Relationship of functional gastrointestinal disorders and psychiatric disorders: Implications for treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2020-2027页

作者： Carol S North barry A Hong David H Alpers Department of Psychiatry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and North Texas VA Health Care System DallasTXUnited States Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMOUnited States Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUnited States

This article revisits the links between psychopathology and functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, discusses the rational use of antidepressants as well as non-pharmacological approaches to the management of IBS, and suggests guidelines for the treatment of IBS based on an interdisciplinary perspective from the present state of knowledge. Relevant published literature on psychiatric disorders, especially somatization disorder, in the context of [BS, and literature providing direction for management is reviewed, and new directions are provided from findings in the literature. IBS is a heterogeneous syndrome with various potential mechanisms responsible for its clinical presentations. IBS is typically complicated with psychiatric issues, unexplained symptoms, and functional syndromes in other organ systems. Most IBS patients have multiple complaints without demonstrated cause, and that these symptoms can involve systems other than the intestine, e.g. bones and joints （fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint syndrome）, heart （non-cardiac chest pain）, vascular （post-menopausal syndrome）, and brain （anxiety, depression）. Host IBS patients do not have psychiatric illness per se, but a range of psychoform （psychological complaints in the absence of psychiatric disorder） symptoms that accompany their somatoform （physical symptoms in the absence of medical disorder） complaints. It is not correct to label IBS patients as psychiatric patients （except those more difficult patients with true somatization disorder）. One mode of treatment is unlikely to be universally effective or to resolve most symptoms. The techniques of psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy can allow IBS patients to cope more readily with their illness. Specific episodes of depressive or anxiety disorders can be managed as appropriate for those conditions. Medications designed to improve anxiety or depression are not uniformly useful for psychiatric complaints in IB

关键词： Irritiable bowel syndrome Functionadisorders Gastrointestinal disease Somatization disorderSomatoform Psychoform Psychotropic medicationPsychotherapy Symptoms Psychiatric disorder

Do we really understand the role of the oesophagogastric junction in disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 144-150页

作者： barry P McMahon Blair A Jobe John E Pandolfino Hans Gregersen Department of Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering Adelaide & Meath Hospital Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland Associate Professor of Surgery Director of Esophageal Diagnostics & Therapeutic Endoscopy Heart Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre Shadyside Medical Building Suite 715 Pittsburgh PA 15232 United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwestern Memorial University Hospital 676 N. St. Clair St. Suite 1400 Chicago IL 60611 United States Professor of Biomechanics Director of Research Mech-Sense Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Centre Sφndre Skovvej 15 9000 Aalborg Denmark

The role of the oesophago-gastric junction (OGJ) in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is still not completely understood, and there is no clinically used method to assess the OGJ function in patients. Only indirect methods such as pH studies are carried out. The OGJ acts a valve controlling the flow of solids, liquids and gases between the oesophagus and the stomach. Manometry can determine if a sphincter is toned or relaxed; but, it cannot confirm that the sphincter region is actually open. Distension is a new technique for measuring function in the OGJ. By measuring the cross-sectional area through the narrow region in the junction during distension of a catheter mounted bag, much more information on the opening and closing patterns of the junction can be determined. This technique has already been demonstrated to show changes in the OGJ after surgical treatments for reflux disease. New measurement ideas around the concept of distending the OGJ offer new hope that a clinically useable test for compliance at the junction can be developed and could potentially help in determining appropriate therapy.

关键词： Achalasia Distensibility Impedance Planimetry Intraluminal impedance manometry Oesophago-gastric junction

OCCURRENCE OF EARLIEST CYCADS IN THE PERMIAN OF CHINA AND ITS BEARING ON THEIR EVOLUTION

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第9期34卷 766-769页

作者：高志峰 barry A.THOMAS Department of Plant Science University College Cardiff Cardiff CF1 1XL UK Department of Botany National Museum of Wales Cardiff CF1 3NP UK

Living cycads show a range of archaic features which suggest that they are primitive plants. They have a long fossil record, but this unfortunately consists largely of vegetative leaves. Very few reproductive organs a... 详细信息

关键词： Cycas the Permian.

COVID-19 has triggered a new century of vaccination and infection control for the benefit of all mankind

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 77-79页

作者： barry J.Marshall Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory School of Biomedical SciencesMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingUniversity of Western AustraliaNedlands 6009Australia

Modern safe vaccinations were pioneered in 1796 by Edward Jenner in England,when he noticed that milkmaids had beautiful complexions,clear of the blemishes from smallpox *** was attributed to their exposure to‘cowpox... 详细信息

关键词： vaccination infection attributed

PID Controller Tuning for a Multivariable Glass Furnace Process by Genetic Algorithm

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第1期13卷 64-72页

作者： Kumaran Rajarathinam James barry Gomm Ding-Li Yu Ahmed Saad Abdelhadi Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research Centre Control Systems Group School of EngineeringLiverpool John Moores University

Standard genetic algorithms （SGAs） are investigated to optimise discrete-time proportional-integral-derivative （PID） con- troller parameters, by three tuning approaches, for a multivariable glass furnace process with loop interaction. Initially, standard genetic algorithms （SGAs） are used to identify control oriented models of the plant which are subsequently used for controller optimisa- tion. An individual tuning approach without loop interaction is considered first to categorise the genetic operators, cost functions and improve searching boundaries to attain the desired performance criteria. The second tuning approach considers controller parameters optimisation with loop interaction and individual cost functions. While, the third tuning approach utilises a modified cost function which includes the total effect of both controlled variables, glass temperature and excess oxygen. This modified cost function is shown to exhibit improved control robustness and disturbance rejection under loop interaction.

关键词： Genetic algorithms control optimisation decentralised control proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control modifiedcost function multivariable process loop interaction.

Homopolar bonds in Se-rich Ge-As-Se chalcogenide glasses

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第5期25卷 288-292页

作者：许思维王荣平杨志勇王丽 Luther-Davies barry College of Applied Sciences Beijing University of Technology Laser Physics Centre Research School of Physical Science and Engineering Australian National University College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal University

We have prepared three groups of Ge–As–Se glasses in which the Se content is 5.5 mol%, 10 mol%, and 20 mol%rich, respectively. We explored the possibility of suppressing the formation of the Ge–Ge and As–As homopolar bonds in the glasses. Thermal kinetics analysis indicated that the 5.5 mol% Se-rich Ge_（11.5）As_（24）Se_（64.5） glass exhibits the minimum fragility and thus is most stable against structural relaxation. Analysis of the Raman spectra of the glasses indicated that the Ge–Ge and As–As homopolar bonds could be almost completely suppressed in 20 mol% Se-rich Ge_（15）As_（14）Se_（71） glass.

关键词： chalcogenide glasses structure differential scanning calorimetry Raman scattering

Control of the carrier-envelope phases of a synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 642-651页

作者： SUN JingHua barry J S Gale Derryck T Reid Ultrafast Optics Group School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The intrinsic synchronization, multi-color outputs and related carrier-envelope phases (CEP) among pulses bring advantages to synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators and the pumping sources for broadband frequency comb generation and ultrashort waveform coherent syn-thesis. In this paper, we discuss our latest research results in this field, which cover the following as-pects: the phase relationship and energy conservation law in an OPO and related experimental verifi-cation; control of the pumping Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser's CEP by self-referencing technology, and its repetition-rate locking by piezoelectric transducer (PZT); CEP locking of the pulses from the OPO by beating the non-phase-matched visible outputs against pump supercontinuum to obtain a driving signal for a fast PZT on the OPO end mirror; the generation of a broadband frequency comb spanning from 400 nm to 2.4 μm with 1.2 kHz bandwidth; and the realization of coherent interference between phase controlled pump pulses and signal second harmonic pulses.

关键词：光学参数振荡器载波包络相同步控制超短光脉冲

Experiments and modelling of phenanthrene biodegradation in the aqueous phase by a mixed culture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 147-153页

作者： LIU Xiang MAO Xiao-min YANG Jian-gang D.A. barry LI Ling Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research Centre Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of Engineering and Electronics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL United Kingdom Chinese Academy of Transportation Sciences Ministry of Communications Beijing 100029 China Environmental Engineering Division School of Engineering the University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Centre for Eco-Environmental Modelling Hohai University Nanjing 210098. China

Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） is widespread due to tmsuitable disposal of industrial waste. They are mostly defined as priority pollutants by environmental protection authorities worldwide. Phenanthrene, a typical PAH, was selected as the target in this paper. The PAH-degrading mixed culture, named ZM, was collected from a petroleum contaminated river bed. This culture was injected into phenanthrene solutions at different concentrations to quantify the biodegradation process. Results show near-complete removal of phenanthrene in three days of biodegradation if the initial phenanthrene concentration is low. When the initial concentration is high, the removal rate is increased but 20%-40% of the phenanthrene remains at the end of the experiment. The biomass shows a peak on the third day due to the combined effects of microbial growth and decay. Another peak is evident for cases with a high initial concentration, possibly due to production of an intermediate metabolite. The pH generally decreased during biodegradation because of the production of organic acid. Two phenomenological models were designed to simulate the phenanthrene biodegradation and biomass growth. A relatively simple model that does not consider the intermediate metabolite and its inhibition of phenanthrene biodegradation cannot fit the observed data. A modified Monod model that considered an intermediate metabolite （organic acid） and its inhibiting reversal effect reasonably depicts the experimental results.

关键词： biodegradation model phenanthrene microbial growth and decay Monod growth model

Assessment of pesticide contaminated sediment using biological response of tropical chironomid,Chironomus javanus Kiffer as biomarker

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 719-724页

作者： Atcharaporn Somparn Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai barry N.Noller Department of Land Resources and Environment Faculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen University Integrated Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand The University of Queensland Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation(CMLR)

To investigate the use of a biomarker for assessment of the effects on the tropical chironomid, Chironomus javanus (C. javanus), Kiffer of sediment contaminated with an insecticide (chlorpyrifos).MethodsA wide range of biological responses to the tropical chironomid exposed were measured, including survival, growth rate and Acetylcholinesterase (Ache) *** measured median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos to C. javanus was 0.056 (95% CI 0.024-0.124) μg/kg. For sub-chronic levels of chlorpyrifos between 0.001 and 0.25 μg/kg administered for 10 days, the effects on the growth of C. javanus were reduced (larva size, head structure width and dry weight) at the significance level (P che activity in C. javanus was inhibited compared with control samples (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that C. javanus was sensitive when exposed to chlorpyrifos. This species could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing pesticide contamination at low environmental persistence and provides limited effects data on the sensitivity of tropical biota to contaminants for ecological risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides in the tropical aquatic ecosystem.

关键词： Chironomid Chlorpyrifos Biomarker Sediment Environmental impact