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Deletion of Salmonella pathogenicity islands SPI-1, 2 and 3 induces substantial morphological and metabolic alternation and protective immune potential

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 272-289页

作者： Gaosong liu Xuelian lü Qiufeng Tian Wanjiang Zhang Fei Yi Yueling Zhang Shenye Yu State Key laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China

The Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs) play crucial roles in the progression of Salmonella infection. In this study, we constructed an improved λ Red homologous recombination system to prepare single and triple deletion mutants of 3 prominent SPIs(SPI-1, 2, and 3), aiming at the impact of deletion on morphology, carbon source metabolism, adhesion and invasion capacity, in vivo colonization, and immune efficacy in chicks. Our examination revealed that the surface of the single deletion mutants(SM6ΔSPI1, ΔSPI2, and ΔSPI3) exhibited a more rugged texture and appeared to be enveloped in a layer of transparent colloid, whereas the morphology of the triple deletion mutant(SM6ΔSPI1&2&3) remained unaltered when compared to the parent strain. The carbon metabolic spectrum of the SPI mutants underwent profound alterations, with a notable and statistically significant modification observed in 30 out of 95 carbon sources, primarily carbohydrates(17 out of 30). Furthermore, the adhesion capacity of the 4 mutants to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced when compared to that of the parent strain. Moreover,the invasion capacity of mutants SM6ΔSPI1 and SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 exhibited a substantial decrease, while it was enhanced to varying degrees for SM6ΔSPI3 and SM6ΔSPI2. Importantly, none of the 4 mutants induced any clinical symptoms in the chicks. However, they did transiently colonize the spleen and liver. Notably, the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3mutant was rapidly cleared from both the spleen and liver within 8 days post-infection and no notable pathological changes were observed in the organs. Additionally, when challenged, the mutants immunized groups displayed a significant increase in antibody levels and alterations in the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subpopulations, and the levels of Il-4 and IFN-γ cytokines in the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 immunized chicken serum surpassed those of other *** summary, the successful construction of the 4 SPI mutants lays the groundwork for further exploration into the p

关键词： Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPls) morphology carbon source metabolism pathogenicity immunogenicity live attenuated vaccine

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Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 423-433页

作者： Sally A.M. Fenton Joan l. Duda Paul R. Appleton Timothy G. barrett School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

Background: Evidence suggests involvement in youth sport does not guarantee daily guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) are met, and participation may not mitigate the risks associated with physical inactivity. The need to promote higher habitual MVPA engagement amongst children active in the youth sport context has therefore been underlined. Framed by self-determination theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the implications of the motivational climate created in youth sport, for children's daily engagement in MVPA and associated adiposity. Specifically, we sought to test a motivational sequence in which children's perceptions of an empowering coach-created motivational climate were related to autonomous and controlled motivation, which in turn predicted sport-related enjoyment. Finally, enjoyment was assumed to predict accelerometer assessed daily MVPA and, following this, ***: Male and female youth sport participants aged 9–16 years(n = 112) completed multi-section questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the motivational climate created in youth sport(i.e., autonomy supportive, task involving, socially supportive), autonomous and controlled motivation, and sport-related enjoyment. Daily MVPA engagement was determined via 7 days of accelerometry. Percent body fat(BF%) was estimated using bio-electrical impedance ***: Path analysis revealed perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted players' autonomous motivation, and in turn, sport-related enjoyment. Enjoyment was also significantly negatively related to players' BF%, via a positive association with daily ***: Fostering more empowering youth sport environments may hold implications for the prevention of excess adiposity, through encouraging higher habitual MVPA engagement. Findings may inform the optimal design of youth sport settings for MVPA promotion, and contribute towards associated healthy weight maint

关键词： Accelerometry Exercise psychology Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Motivation Obesity Self-determination theory Youth sport

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Structural characteristics and formation process of pseudotachylyte in the Wulian detachment fault zone on the Jiaodong Peninsula， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Ruijie Wang Jinlong Ni Guiyuan li Junlai liu lei Ji Yiren Wang Runye lü School of Earth Sciences and Engineering， Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao Geologic and Mineral Geotechnical Engineering Co.， ltd. State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources， China University of Geosciences(Beijing) laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources，Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Exploring pseudotachylytes (PSTs) within detachment fault zones provides valuable insight into the kinematic processes of these fault systems. Nevertheless， significant controversy persists regarding the origin and formation mechanisms of PST veins. The PST was initially identified within the Wulian detachment fault zone (DFZ) on the Jiaodong Peninsula by delineating the deformation characteristics of the fault zone's transition from ductile to ductile-brittle behavior. Macroscopic and microstructural features of the PST within the Wulian DFZ were examined using geological field surveys. Using quantitative and high-resolution techniques， such as scanning electron microscopy， TIMA-X mineral composition analysis， and transmission electron microscopy， variations in mineral composition between the veins and detritals of the PST were investigated. Furthermore， this study has investigated the progressive deformation processes and underlying causes contributing to PST formation within the DFZ. This study revealed the presence of both type D and B-type PSTs in the Wulian DFZ formed under ductile or ductile-brittle conditions. These PSTs exhibit fracture and fusion structures resulting from fault frictional fragmentation and frictional melting and undergo progressive deformation. During the initial stages of the D-type PST formation， biotite fragmentation in poorly cohesive foliation was the primary contributor， supplemented by frictional melting. As the deformation progressed， quartz fragmentation and partial melting became dominant， constituting up to 81.9% of the matrix. The formation of the B-type PST aligns with deformation under brittle or ductile-brittle conditions， with frictional fragmentation and fragmentation flow playing significant roles. Vein formation is initiated by biotite fragmentation or partial melting， followed by quartz， potassium feldspar， albite fragmentation， or partial melting. Mature PST veins exhibited distinct zoning characteristics， with a diffu

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Controllable chaos in the coupled waveguide-optomechanical system with phase shifter

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第04期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 30-38页

作者： Deng-Wei Zhang Pei-Qi Qin li-li Zheng Zhi-Ming Zhan Xin-You lü Department of Mathematics and Physics Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Engineering School of Software Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Jianghan University School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology

We theoretically investigate chaotic dynamics in an optomechanical system composed of a whispering-gallery-mode(WGM) microresonator and a sensor. We find that tuning the optical phase using a phase shifter and modifying the coupling strength via a unidirectional waveguide(IWG) can induce chaotic motion. The underlying reason for this phenomenon is that adjusting the phase and coupling strength via the phase shifter and IWG bring the system close to an exceptional point(EP), where field localization dynamically enhances the optomechanical nonlinearity, leading to the generation of chaotic motion. In addition, due to the sensitivity of chaos to phase in the vicinity of the EP, we propose a theoretical scheme to measure the optical phase perturbations using chaos. Our work may offer an alternative approach to chaos generation with current experimental technology and provide theoretical guidance for optical signal processing and chaotic secure communication.

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Dynamic Violation of Bell’s Inequalities in the Angular Momentum Representation

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Journal of Modern Physics 2025年第1期16卷 228-247页

作者： Julio Alberto lópez-Saldívar Octavio Castaños Sergio Cordero Ramón lópez-Peña Eduardo Nahmad-Achar Russian Quantum Center Moscow Russia laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow Russia Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico City Mexico

A parametrization of density matrices of ddimensions in terms of the raising J+and lowering J−angular momentum operators is established together with an implicit connection with the generalized Bloch-GellMann parameters. A general expression for the density matrix of the composite system of angular momenta j1and j2is obtained. In this matrix representation violations of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequalities are established for the X-states of a qubit-qubit, pure and mixed, composite system, as well as for a qubit-qutrit density matrix. In both cases maximal violation of the Bell inequalities can be reached, i.e., the Cirel’son limit. A correlation between the entanglement measure and a strong violation of the Bell factor is also given. For the qubit-qutrit composite system a time-dependent convex combination of the density matrix of the eigenstates of a two-particle Hamiltonian system is used to determine periodic maximal violations of the Bell’s inequality.

关键词： Density Matrix Angular Momentum Bell Inequality Entanglement

Evolutionary Genomics of Plant Gametophytic Selection

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 18-33页

作者： Felix E.G.Beaudry Joanna l.Rifkin Spencer C.H.barrett Stephen I.Wright Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Toronto25 Willcocks StreetTorontoON M5S 3B2Canada These authors contributed equally to this article

It has long been recognized that natural selection during the haploid gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle may have widespread importance for rates of evolution and the maintenance of genetic *** theoretical advances have further highlighted the significance of gametophytic selection for diverse evolutionary *** approaches offer exciting opportunities to address key questions about the extent and effects of gametophytic selection on plant evolution and ***,we review the progress and prospects for integrating functional and evolutionary genomics to test theoretical predictions,and to examine the importance of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity and rates of *** is growing evidence that selection during the gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle has important effects on both gene and genome evolution and is likely to have important pleiotropic effects on the *** discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative population genomics,genome-wide association studies,and experimental approaches to further distinguish how differential selection in the two phases of the plant life cycle contributes to genetic diversity and adaptive evolution.

关键词： gametophyte pollen ovule evolution genomics selection

Opinion on pharmacology research and new drug development from precision medicine

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第8期31卷 779-785页

作者： Michael SPEDDING James barrett Ying ZHAO International Union of Pharmacology IUPHAR Chinese Pharmacological Society CNPHARS

Since President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative from a national strategy perspective in his State of the Union address,precision medicine has rapidly become a world-wide hotspot and drawn global attention in the medical *** medicine aims at applying genetic information of individual diseases to guide his or her diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Opinion on pharmacology research and new drug development from precision medicine

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Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Kossodo Thermal Power Plant Using the Carbon Balance Method: Financial Year 2022

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2025年第1期16卷 13-33页

作者： Sampawinde Augustin Zongo Joël Pindwendé Ouédraogo Paulin Zongo lPCE Dpartement de Physique UFR-SEA Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dpartement Sauvegarde Environnementale et Sociale Socit Nationale dlectricit du Burkina Faso (SONABEL) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In light of the increasing recognition of the necessity to evaluate and mitigate the environmental impact of human activities, the aim of this study is to assess the greenhouse gases emitted in 2022 by the Kossodo thermal power plant as a consequence of its electricity production. The specific objective was to identify the emission sources and quantify the gases generated, with the purpose of proposing effective solutions for reducing the plant’s ecological footprint. In order to achieve the objectives set out in the study, the Bilan Carbone® method was employed. Following an analysis of the plant’s activities, seven emission items were identified as requiring further investigation. The data was gathered from the plant’s activity reports, along with measurements and questionnaires distributed to employees. The data collected was subjected to processing in order to produce the sought activity data. The Bilan Carbone® V7.1 spreadsheet was employed to convert the activity data into equivalent quantities of CO2. The full assessment indicates that the majority of the power plant’s emissions come from the combustion of HFO and DDO, accounting for 96.11% of the Kossodo power plant’s total GHG emissions in 2022. The plant produced 280,585,676 kilowatt-hours (kWh), resulting in emissions of 218,492.785 ± 10,924.639 tCO2e, which yielded an emission factor of 0.78 kgCO2e/kWh for the year 2022. In order to reduce this rate, recommendations for improved energy efficiency have been issued to management and all staff.

关键词： Energy Bilan Carbone® Thermal Power Plant Emissions Greenhouse Gases Kossodo SONABEl

伦理功利主义视角下人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查的应用与挑战

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器官移植 2025年第1期16卷 141-146页

作者：姚琪吕任婕吕雪梅燕娟山西医科大学人文社会科学学院太原030001

伦理功利主义是一种后果导向的伦理学理论,追求以幸福最大化为核心,充分考虑行为的长远影响。在人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查中,该理论主要应用于3个方面:伦理审查监督、流程、内容。然而,在实践中面临着效用计算的困难与主观性、个体权... 详细信息

伦理功利主义是一种后果导向的伦理学理论,追求以幸福最大化为核心,充分考虑行为的长远影响。在人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查中,该理论主要应用于3个方面:伦理审查监督、流程、内容。然而,在实践中面临着效用计算的困难与主观性、个体权益与社会福祉之间的平衡、评估决策的长期影响以及全球视野下的国际合作等挑战,由此,提出完善伦理审查政策规则、结合国际经验完善伦理审查制度和加强公众宣传教育等治理对策。尽管面临诸多挑战,伦理功利主义仍为人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查提供了一个重要的理论框架。因此,本文就伦理功利主义在人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查中的应用及其面临的挑战进行综述,以期为人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查相关研究提供参考。

关键词：器官捐献器官移植伦理审查功利主义后果导向功利考量效用计算权衡分析

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