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Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 127-129页

作者： barbara E.Ainsworth School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among U.S.Adults,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Examination Survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the U.S.Physical Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

关键词： U.S. adult among

Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 799-805页

作者： SANDRA STICKLER barbara RATH GERHARD HAMILTON Institute of Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaViennaA-1090Austria

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis due to late detection and lack of efficient therapies.The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)oncogene is mutated in up to 90%of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas(PDACs)and constitutes an attractive target for therapy.However,the most common KRAS mutations in PDAC are G12D(44%),G12V(34%)and G12R(20%)that are not amenable to treatment by KRAS G12C-directed cysteine-reactive KRAS inhibitors such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib that exhibit clinical efficacy in lung cancer.KRAS G12C mutant pancreatic cancer has been treated with Sotorasib but this mutation is detected only in 2%–3%of PDAC.Recently,the KRAS G12D-directed MRTX1133 inhibitor has entered clinical trials and more of such inhibitors are in development.The other KRAS mutations may be targeted indirectly via inhibition of the cognate guanosine exchange factor(GEF)Son of Sevenless 1 that drives KRAS.These agents seem to provide the means to target the most frequent KRAS mutations in PDAC and to improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer PDAC KRAS SOS1 PROTAC

Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 489-500页

作者： John M.Holmes barbara Lee Keyfitz Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results appl... 详细信息

关键词： Conservation laws Data-to-solution map Nonuniform dependence

Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 608-610页

作者： barbara Sternfeld David R.Jacobs Jr. Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94610USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

In 1985,Public Health Reports published a series of papers prepared for a workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).1 Building on the seminal work of Jeremy Morris and Ralph Paffenbarger Jr.,who were among the first to use epidemiological methods to study physical activity(PA),2,3 the workshop itself was the result of a growing scientific understanding of the importance of“physical fitness and exercise for improving the health of the public”.

关键词： semi workshop Ralph

Immune consequences of exercise in hypoxia:A narrative review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 297-310,I0002页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Qadar Pasha Neha Chanana Gregoire P.Millet Martin Burtscher barbara Strasser Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institute of Hypoxia Research New Delhi 110067India Department of Biochemistry Jamia HamdardNew Delhi 110062India Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Faculty of Medicine Sigmund Freud Private UniversityVienna 1020Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research Vienna 1100Austria

Immune outcomes are key mediators of many health benefits of exercise and are determined by exercise type,dose(frequency/duration,intensity),and individual characteristics.Similarly,reduced availability of ambient oxygen(hypoxia)modulates immune functions depending on the hypoxic dose and the individual capacity to respond to hypoxia.How combined exercise and hypoxia(e.g.,high-altitude training)sculpts immune responses is not well understood,although such combinations are becoming increasingly popular.Therefore,in this paper,we summarize the impact on immune responses of exercise and of hypoxia,both independently and together,with a focus on specialized cells in the innate and adaptive immune system.We review the regulation of the immune system by tissue oxygen levels and the overlapping and distinct immune responses related to exercise and hypoxia,then we discuss how they may be modulated by nutritional strategies.Mitochondrial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlie many of the adaptations that can lead to improved cellular metabolism,resilience,and overall immune functions by regulating the survival,differentiation,activation,and migration of immune cells.This review shows that exercise and hypoxia can impair or complement/synergize with each other while regulating immune system functions.Appropriate acclimatization,training,and nutritional strategies can be used to avoid risks and tap into the synergistic potentials of the poorly studied immune consequences of exercising in a hypoxic state.

关键词： Altitude Exercise Hypoxia Immune response Training

Does ash dieback affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 54-69页

作者： Anna‑Katharina Eisen Lisa Buchner barbara Fussi Susanne Jochner‑Oette Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt85072 EichstättGermany Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics(AWG) 83317 TeisendorfGermany

Forest tree species reproduction is a key factor in maintaining the genetic diversity of future generations and the stability of forest ecosystems.The ongoing ash dieback disease could affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.and have a major impact on the quantity and quality of pollen and seeds.In this study,we investigated pollen production and viability of pollen and seeds of ash trees with different health status from 2018 to 2022.Inflorescences were collected from 105 trees(pollen production),pollen from 125 trees(pollen viability),and seeds from 53 trees(seed quality)in two seed orchards and in one floodplain forest in southern Germany.Not all parameters were examined at every site every year.The average pollen production per tree was estimated at 471.2±647.9 billion pollen grains.In addition,we found that a high number of inflorescences did not equate to high pollen production per inflorescence.Pollen production of healthy and diseased trees did not differ significantly,although only 47%of severely diseased male trees(vs.72%for healthy trees)produced flowers.With regards to pollen viability,the TTC test showed an average viability of 73%±17%.Overall,there was a slight tendency for diseased trees to have less viable pollen.However,a significant difference could only be calculated for trees in the floodplain forest.The percentage of germinable seeds in 2018 was 38%in the floodplain forest and 57%in one of the seed orchards.The percentage of viable seeds(TTC test)ranged from 17 to 22%in the orchards in 2020.Non-viable seeds were usually heavily infested by insects.In general,seed quality was not significantly different between healthy and diseased trees.Our results indicate that ash dieback affects flower formation and pollen viability but not pollen production or seed quality.Nevertheless,the fact that hardly any flowering was observed,especially for trees that were seriously affected,suggests a negative effect of ash dieback on reproductive performance.Thus,severely diseased trees will trans

关键词： Common ash Seed orchard Floodplain forest Pollen production Viability TTC test Seed stratification Phenology

The 2024 Compendium of Physical Activities and its expansion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 1-2,F0003页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis barbara E.Ainsworth Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

First developed 30 years ago,the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was created to provide a standardized way of measuring and classifying specific physical activities(PAs),allowing researchers and health professionals to assess the energy expenditure and health benefits associated with different PA.1Since its inception,the Compendium has been widely utilized and recognized as a fundamental PA and health resource.

关键词： has utilized classify

Commentary on “Does light-intensity physical activity moderate the relationship between sitting time and adiposity markers in adolescents?”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 453-454页

作者： barbara E.Ainsworth Amanda M.Ferland School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200433China Department of Orthopedics Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In the September 2022 issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Ayala et al.1 published results from a cross-sectional study where they tested the hypothesis that light intensity physical activity(LIPA,1.6-2.9 metabolic equivalents(METs))moderates the relationship between sitting time and adiposity in 219 Australian adolescents aged 14±1.6 years(mean±SD).

关键词： metabolic ). light

Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity