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Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change:Potential and limitations

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 372-391页

作者： Luc de meester Robby STOKS Kristien I.BRANS Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology LeuvenBelgium

Climate change profoundly impacts ecosystems and their biota,resulting in range shifts,novel interactions,food web alterations,changed intensities of host–parasite interactions,and *** increasing number of studies have documented evolutionary changes in traits such as phenology and thermal *** this opinion paper,we argue that,while evolutionary responses have the potential to provide a buffer against extinctions or range shifts,a number of constraints and complexities blur this simple ***,there are limits to evolutionary potential both in terms of genetic variation and demographic effects,and these limits differ strongly among taxa and ***,there can be costs associated with genetic adaptation,such as a reduced evolutionary potential towards other(human-induced)environmental stressors or direct fitness costs due to ***,the differential capacity of taxa to genetically respond to climate change results in novel interactions because different organism groups respond to a different degree with local compared to regional(dispersal and range shift)*** complexities result in additional changes in the selection pressures on *** conclude that evolution can provide an initial buffer against climate change for some taxa and populations but does not guarantee their *** does not necessarily result in reduced extinction risks across the range of taxa in a region or ***,considering evolution is crucial,as it is likely to strongly change how biota will respond to climate change and will impact which taxa will be the winners or losers at the local,metacommunity and regional scales.

关键词： climate change evolutionary rescue evolutionary constraints evolving metacommunities extinction risk range shifts

Toxin variation among salamander populations:discussing potential causes and future directions

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 336-353页

作者： Gilles de meester EminaŠUNJE Els PRINSEN Erik VERBRUGGEN Raoul VANDAMME department of Biology Functional Morphology GroupUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium department of Biology Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of SarajevoSarajevoBosnia-Hercegovina Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina:BHHU:ATRA SarajevoBosnia-Hercegovina department of Biology ImpressUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium department of Biology Plant and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium

Amphibians produce defensive chemicals which provide protection against both predators and *** species,populations can differ considerably in the composition and amount of these chemical *** intraspecific variation in toxins and linking it to environmental variables may help us to identify the selective drivers of toxin evolution,such as predation pressure and infection ***,there has been a renewed interest in the unique toxins produced by salamanders from the genus Salamandra:the *** this attention,intraspecific variation has largely been ignored within *** aim of this study was to investigate whether geographic variation in profiles of samandarines exists,by sampling 4 populations of Salamandra atra over its range in the Dinaric *** addition,we preliminary explored whether potential variation could be explained by predation(counting the number of snake species)and infection risk(cultivation and genomic analyses of collected soil samples).Salamanders from the 4 populations differed in toxin composition and in the size of their poison glands,although not in overall toxin *** predation nor infection risk could explain this variation,as populations barely differed in these *** over a much broader geographic range,using better estimators for predation and infection risk,will contribute to an improved understanding of how environment may shape variation in chemical ***,as the 4 populations of *** did differ in their toxin profiles,we propose that this species provides an interesting opportunity for further ecological and evolutionary studies on amphibian toxins.

关键词： amphibian toxins geographic variation poison glands Salamandra atra samandarines

Visceral hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome: The role of proteases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第47期22卷 10275-10286页

作者： Hannah Ceuleers Hanne Van Spaendonk Nikita Hanning Jelena Heirbaut Anne-Marie Lambeir Jurgen Joossens Koen Augustyns Joris G de Man Ingrid de meester Benedicte Y de Winter Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology University of Antwerp Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry University of Antwerp Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Antwerp Drug Discovery Network University of Antwerp

Proteases, enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, are present at high concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. Besides their well-known role in the digestive process, they also function as signaling molecules through the activation of protease-activated receptors(PARs). Based on their chemical mechanism for catalysis, proteases can be classified into several classes: serine, cysteine, aspartic, metallo- and threonine proteases represent the mammalian protease families. In particular, the class of serine proteases will play a significant role in this review. In the last decades, proteases have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, which is a major factor contributing to abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and/or irritable bowel syndrome. So far, only a few preclinical animal studies have investigated the effect of protease inhibitors specifically on visceral sensitivity while their effect on inflammation is described in more detail. In our accompanying review we describe their effect on gastrointestinal permeability. On account of their promising results in the field of visceral hypersensitivity, further research is warranted. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the concept of visceral hypersensitivity as well as on the physiological and pathophysiological functions of proteases herein.

关键词： Proteases Proteinase-activated receptors Protease inhibitors Visceral hypersensitivity Visceral pain Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel diseases

Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第12期23卷 2106-2123页

作者： Hanne Van Spaendonk Hannah Ceuleers Leonie Witters Eveline Patteet Jurgen Joossens Koen Augustyns Anne-Marie Lambeir Ingrid de meester Joris G de Man Benedicte Y de Winter Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Antwerp Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Antwerp Drug Discovery Network University of Antwerp Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry University of Antwerp

The gastrointestinal barrier is-with approximately 400 m^2-the human body's largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases.

关键词： Intestinal permeability Intestinal barrier Tight junction Paracellular permeability Proteases Proteinase-activated receptor Protease inhibitor Antiproteases

Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing:Sharing Experience among Europe and South East Asia

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粮油食品科技 2021年第6期29卷 59-70页

作者： Paula Alvito Jonathan Barcelo Johan de meester Elias Rito Michele Suman Food and Nutrition department National Institute of Health Dr.Ricardo JorgeAvenida Padre Cruz1649-016 LisboaPortugal CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal School of Natural Sciences Saint Louis UniversityBonifacio StreetBaguio CityPhilippines Cargill R&D Centre Europe Havenstraat 84B-1800 VilvoordeBelgium European Association of Chemical Distributors Rue du Luxembourg16B 1000 BrusselsBelgium Barilla SpA-Advanced Research Laboratory via Mantova 166-43122 ParmaItaly

Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and *** measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions that can be carried out through food *** proposals have been tested and illustrated also in scientific papers during the last decades,however clear,easy to implement,practical suggestions and guidelines for process adaptation are much more *** and South East Asia can find synergies and complementarities moving from processing to analysis,from risk assessment to reduction strategies,from gap-analysis to communication *** from both Europe and Southeast Asia must then ensure that there is a way to ease and harmonize the regulation in the food supply chain in order to ensure food safety and at the same time facilitate trade in both regions,taking into account of the various landscapes,agrosystems and also different consumer preferences within the countries *** the example of cereals,processing steps cover primary processing(cleaning and milling operations)and secondary processing procedures(such as fermentation and thermal treatments during baking),special attention is devoted to the production of baked goods and to the estimation of processing factors for DON in wheat bread production especially in *** reference instead to the specific context of Asian producers,a case-study focuses on ochratoxin A in coffee in Southeast Asia region,combining the expertise of the farming community,coffee industry and science *** strategy to reduce mycotoxins in a farm setting poses several challenges to coffee farmers:it needs to be analyzed in the context of good agricultural practices,socioeconomic and behavioral factors of both coffee producers and *** the world becomes more globalized,food and feed supply chains also become more complexed and hence,a more comprehensive strategy to

关键词： mitigation food processing mycotoxins cereals coffee Europe South East Asia

The legacy of long distance dispersal: population genetics of Daphnia galeata in China

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The legacy of long distance dispersal: population genetics o...

Umbilical Catheter Complications in Newborns during Prone Position: A Pilot Study

“全球变化下的海洋与湖沼生态安全”学术交流会

作者： Lei XU Tsegazeabe Hadush Haileselasie Joachim Mergeay Henri Dumont Bo-Ping HAN Luc de meester Institute of Hydrobiology Jinan University Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven

Many aquatic organisms have dormant stages in their life history that foster long distance dispersal and potential gene flow. Daphnia galeata is widely distributed in four main river catchments and the Tibetan Plateau across China, nuclear and mitochondrial markers are used to investigate population and genetic structure over vast geographic distances under. We observed evidence the contribution of long distance dispersal as well as genetic isolation in the landscape genetic structure of this species. Eight out of the sixty six observed COI haplotypes were shared among populations in all four catchments. Across the whole data set in China, isolation by distance is observed for both mitochondrial as well as nuclear markers, but it was highly dependent on the presence of the Tibetan populations, which were highly differentiated from the populations in the other catchments. There was a lack of strong signal of catchment for the distribution of mtDNA haplotypes and genetic structure as derived from microsatellite markers, even though the distances covered were substantial（＞3 000 km）. Our data suggest that D. galeata can achieve long distance dispersal and some populations with specific haplotypes can colonize habitats from the temperate to the subtropical zones. There was no strong pattern of genetic differentiation in relation to temperature or altitude when the Tibetan populations are removed from the whole dataset. The populations in the Tibetan plateau stand out and are strongly isolated from any of the others. They have the highest genetic diversity, with up to 14 private haplotypes being found in a single population. Yet, all these haplotypes seem to be derived from one single haplotype, suggesting that these populations are both very old and isolated. Our findings of long distance dispersal in the four catchments combined with high genetic differentiation among populations（mean FST=0.18） are in line with a scenario where population genetic structure is strongly i

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第12期4卷 859-867页

作者： Inge Arnts Ninke Schrijvers Coranne meester Joannes Groenewoud Kian Djien Liem department of Neonatology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands department of Pain and Palliative Care Nijmegen The Netherlands department of Health Evidence Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands

Introduction: It is not known whether prone position of newborns with umbilical catheters increases the complication risk. Purpose: Analysing complications of umbilical catheters in newborns during prone positioning a... 详细信息

关键词： Umbilical Venous Catheters Umbilical Arterial Catheters Complications Nursing Care Prone Position Newborns

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无法说出口的话

疯狂英语（口语版） 2012年第4期 26-27页

作者： Leighton meester 草儿（翻译）

Leighton meester早在11岁时就开始了演艺生涯，但真正使她大红大紫的还是那部风靡全球的美剧《绯闻女孩》（Gossip Girl）。2011年，Leighton meester在全美票选最美的一百人中排名第四，她精致的脸庞和精湛的演技也受到了无数粉丝的... 详细信息

Leighton meester早在11岁时就开始了演艺生涯，但真正使她大红大紫的还是那部风靡全球的美剧《绯闻女孩》（Gossip Girl）。2011年，Leighton meester在全美票选最美的一百人中排名第四，她精致的脸庞和精湛的演技也受到了无数粉丝的认可。

关键词：英语教学教学方法阅读教学课堂教学

雷贝拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病临床疗效观察及安全性分析

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医学综述 2016年第14期22卷 2898-2900页

作者：杨晓匿薛梅熊德巧李柏群魏霞王立友重庆三峡中心医院药学部重庆404000 重庆三峡中心医院消化内科重庆404000

目的探讨雷贝拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2014年6月至2015年6月重庆三峡中心医院收治的胃食管反流病患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各41例。观察组采用雷贝拉唑(10 mg/次,2次/d,口服... 详细信息

目的探讨雷贝拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2014年6月至2015年6月重庆三峡中心医院收治的胃食管反流病患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各41例。观察组采用雷贝拉唑(10 mg/次,2次/d,口服)联合莫沙必利(5 mg/次,3次/d,口服)治疗,对照组单独采用雷贝拉唑(10 mg/次,2次/d,口服)进行治疗,连续治疗2个月。比较两组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗2个月后观察组de meester积分显著低于对照组[(12.2±1.8)分比(14.2±2.0)分,P0.05]。结论雷贝拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗胃食管反流病临床疗效好,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。

关键词：胃食管反流病雷贝拉唑莫沙必利