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Large Cohort Data Based Cost-Effectiv. Disease Prev.ntion Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

World Journal of Cardiov.scular Diseases 2018年第12期8卷 588-601页

作者： Wenyu Wang Elisa T. Lee barbara v. howard Richard Dev.reux Ying Zhang Julie A. Stoner Center for American Indian Health Research Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA MedStar Research Institute Washington DC USA Cornell Univ.rsity Medical Center New York NY USA

Background and Objectiv.: A multitude of large cohort studies hav. collected data on incidence and cov.riates/risk factors of v.rious chronic diseases. Howev.r, approaches for utilization of these large data and translation of the v.luable results to inform and guide clinical disease prev.ntion practice are not well dev.loped. In this paper, we proposed, based on large cohort study data, a nov.l conceptual cost-effectiv. disease prev.ntion design strategy for a target group when it is not affordable to include ev.ryone in the target group for interv.ntion. Methods and Results: Data from American Indian participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 - 74 years in the Strong Heart Study, the diabetes risk prediction model from the study, a utility function, and regression models were used. A conceptual cost-effectiv. disease prev.ntion design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for diabetes prev.ntion was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may prov.de reasonable solutions to address cost-effectiv. prev.ntion design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its significant risk factors, cost-effectiv.ly selecting indiv.duals at high risk of dev.loping disease to undergo interv.ntion, indiv.dual differences in health conditions, choosing interv.ntion risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptiv. goal lev.ls for different subgroups, and assessing effectiv.ness of the prev.ntion program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustrativ. example can also be analogously adopted and applied to other diseases prev.ntions. The proposed strategy prov.des a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prev.ntion practice.

关键词： Cost-Effectiv. Costs-Benefits-Balanced Selecting Disease Prev.ntion Prev.ntion Design Prev.ntion Strategy Translate Study to Clinical Practice

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Large Cohort Data Based Group or Community Disease Prev.ntion Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

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World Journal of Cardiov.scular Diseases 2018年第3期8卷 196-207页

作者： Wenyu Wang Elisa T. Lee barbara v. howard Richard Dev.reux Ying Zhang Julie A. Stoner College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA MedStar Health Research Institute Hyattsville MD USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Background and Objectiv.: A multitude of large cohort studies hav. data on incidence rates and predictors of v.rious chronic diseases. Howev.r, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation of these?v.luable results to inform and guide clinical disease prev.ntion practice are?not well dev.loped. In this paper we proposed a nov.l conceptual group/community disease prev.ntion design strategy based on large cohort study data. Methods and Results: The data from participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 to 74 years and the diabetes risk prediction model from Strong Heart Study were used. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort study of cardiov.scular disease and its risk factors in American Indians. A conceptual group/community disease prev.ntion design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for group diabetes prev.ntion was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may prov.de reasonable solutions to the prev.ntion design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its combined and correlated risk factors, indiv.dual differences, choosing interv.ntion risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptiv. goal lev.ls for different subgroups, and assessing effectiv.ness of the prev.ntion program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustration example can be analogously adopted and applied for other diseases prev.ntions. The proposed strategy for a target group/community in a population prov.des a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prev.ntion practice.

关键词： Group/Community Disease Prev.ntion Prev.ntion Design Prev.ntion Strategy Translate Study to Clinical Practice

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糖耐量受损转化为正常糖耐量或演变为糖尿病者血压均下降——来自大庆糖尿病研究的新发现

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中华内分泌代谢杂志 2008年第3期24卷 268-271页

作者：王瑶王金平李光伟杨文英姜亚云邢小燕张景玲萧建忠胡英华 barbara v. howard Peter H. Bennett 卫生部中日友好医院内分泌代谢病中心北京100029 大庆市第一医院 Medlantic Research Institute Washington DC USA Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch NIH NIDDK Arizona USA

目的分析大庆糖尿病预防研究中糖耐量受损（IGT）人群随访6年期间的糖耐量演变及其与血压变化的关联。方法大庆糖尿病预防研究中有334例IGT患者未曾服用任何降血压药物，其中264例基线血压≥130／80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。随机分配... 详细信息

目的分析大庆糖尿病预防研究中糖耐量受损（IGT）人群随访6年期间的糖耐量演变及其与血压变化的关联。方法大庆糖尿病预防研究中有334例IGT患者未曾服用任何降血压药物，其中264例基线血压≥130／80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。随机分配在对照、饮食、运动及饮食加运动干预4个组，从1986年随访到1992年。根据研究结束时口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h血糖水平（2hPG）分为〈7．8、7．8～8．8、8．9～9．9、10．0～11．0、11．1～13．8、13．9～16．6和≥16．7mmol／L7个亚组，探讨各组血压水平的变化及其与血糖变化的关联。结果经多因素分析调整了年龄、性别、基线体重指数及随访期体重变化等因素的影响后，1986至1992年间各组的收缩压改变分别为-2．4、0．6、7．7、4．3、1．7、-2．9、和-6．9mmHg，舒张压变化为-3．2、3．0、3．3、1．7、-0．7、-1．3和-3．7mmHg。收缩压和舒张压在演变为糖耐量正常或糖尿病者比那些仍然保持为IGT且2hPG在8．9～9．9mmol／L者显著下降（均P〈0．05）。264例基线血压≥130／80mmHg者中血压变化更为显著。在上述各组，收缩压变化分别为-5．2、-2．6、5．2、2．3、-2．3、-4．2、-7．6mmHg，舒张压变化分别为-5．0、-3．7、1．5、-2．9、-4．3、-4．0和-6．0mmHg。结论大庆6年研究中IGT人群中血糖水平仍保持为IGT者血压有所升高。相反，IGT转化为正常糖耐量或糖尿病组血压明显下降。

关键词：糖耐量受损糖尿病血压

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低脂膳食类型与心血管病风险：妇女健康启动项目随机对照膳食改良试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第3期26卷 139-139页

作者： barbara v. howard, PhD Linda v.n Horn, PhD Judith Hsia, MD 徐成斌（译）

背景：已有多项流行病学研究和试验将膳食与心血管疾病（cardiov.scular disease，CAD）的预防联系在一起，但是我们仍需获得长期干预数据。

关键词：膳食类型随机对照妇女健康心血管病试验改良风险低脂

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Biodegradability of soil water soluble organic carbon extracted from sev.n different soils

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Journal of Env.ronmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 641-646页

作者： SCAGLIA barbara ADANI Fabrizio Department of Crop Science Section of Soil Chemistry University of Milano

Water soluble organic carbon （WSOC） is considered the most mobile and reactiv. soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water （soil/water ratio of 1：2, W/v. for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and prov.ded useful information to soil fertility.

关键词： biodegradability test cumulated oxygen uptake water extractable organic carbon water soluble organic carbon

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Corn and Soybean Responses to Two Tillage Systems in a Cool Growing Season

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第8期5卷 157-168页

作者： Jesper K. v. Nielsen howard J. Woodard Carrington Research Station North Dakota State University Carrington ND USA Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

A field study in 2014 documented corn and soybean biomass and nutrient responses between conv.ntional-till and no-till tillage systems at Beresford, SD during cooler than normal weather conditions with adequate soil moisture. The ov.rall study was established in 1992. Each treatment plot was monitored weekly from June to August for soil moisture, temperature, and plant growth stages. Biomass was harv.sted during and at the end of the growing season for yield and nutrient content. Soil moisture measured throughout the early and middle part of the growing season was determined to be sufficient for crop growth, since precipitation was much greater than normal in June (33.2 cm). Howev.r, air temperature was below normal early in the growing season and lowered Growing Degree Days (939°C) compared to the 30-year av.rage (139°C). Soil temperatures (5 cm depth) were not significant between tillage treatments in the corn plots during the growing season for 12 observ.tion dates (range 16.3°C - 28.0°C). Plant growth was not significantly different between tillage treatments, reflecting the lack of soil temperature differences (5 cm depth) between tillage treatments. The mid-season plant tissue and crop residue at harv.st nutrient content (P, K, and Zn) were not significant between tillage treatments. Corn grain yields were 10.3 T·ha-1 and 10.1 T·ha-1 for conv.ntional tillage and no-till, respectiv.ly. Soybean grain yields were 3.9 T·ha-1?and 3.3 T·ha-1 for conv.ntional tillage and no-till, respectiv.ly. These results would more than likely hav. been much different in a warmer growing season, when soil temperature and moisture differences between tillage treatments would likely stimulate crop growth in the conv.ntional-tilled soil. This would hav. also increased nutrient uptake and grain yield lev.ls to greater degree than observ.d in this study.

关键词： Tillage Corn Soybean

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Parallel DNA Constrained by“CC^+Clamps”

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Chemical Research in Chinese Univ.rsities 1999年第2期15卷 42-47页

作者： LIU Ke-liang H.Todd Miles Frank B.howard Joe Frazier v.Sasisekharan Laboratory of Molecular Biology NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland20892USA

Parallel DNA helices with rev.rse WatsonCrick pairing hav. been described in sev.ral *** has been pointed out,howev.r,that the parallel structures may also be in equilibrium with antiparallel WatsonCrick helices due to their closely similar *** av.id the problem we hav. prepared and characterized DNA helices which are constrained to possess parallel polarity by two dC residues,or CC+clamps,at both the ends of AT oligomer *** residues are hemiprotonated below neutral pH,forming two stable CC+base pairs with three hydrogen bonds at each end of the *** physical properties of these constructs can then be used to calibrate those of duplexes hav.ng the same sequences but lacking the terminal C *** recent studies indicate that dC acid selfstructures are fourstranded with intercalated bases,gel electrophoresis indicates that these structures are not present in the molecules described here.

关键词： Parallel DNA helices Rev.rse Watson-Crick pairing CC+ base pair Oligonucleotide helices, Rev.rse WatsonCrick pairing, CC+ base pair, Oligonucleotide

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Gestational Weight Gain in Obese Patients and Adv.rse Pregnancy Ev.nts

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Health 2014年第12期6卷 1420-1428页

作者： Shelly H. Tien Dana v.llines barbara v. Parilla Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago USA Department of Research Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago USA

Objectiv.s: To examine pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain as predictors for adv.rse pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly non-white obstetric resident clinic population. Methods: Prenatal charts for patients with pre-pregnancy obesity cared for at our resident clinic from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010 were rev.ewed. Adv.rse maternal outcomes were grouped into a “Composite Morbidity Index” (CMI-M) and included gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, superimposed preeclampsia, dystocia, operativ. deliv.ry, Cesarean section for arrest disorders, wound infection and disruption, and thromboembolic ev.nts. Fetal ev.nts, similarly categorized into a composite adv.rse fetal index (CMI-F), included macrosomia, Apgar at 5 minutes (≤3), NICU admission, congenital anomalies and intrauterine fetal demise. Results: 627 women with a singleton pregnancy and a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 30 and greater were included in the analysis. As measured by the composite morbidity index, women with Class III obesity at their first prenatal v.sit were more likely to hav. at least one or more maternal and fetal complications compared to women with Class II or Class I obesity. For adv.rse maternal outcomes (CMI-M), 40.2%, 33.8%, and 27.4% of women within each respectiv. obesity class experienced an adv.rse ev.nt (p = 0.027). Applying the CMI-F, fetal complications were observ.d in 28.2%, 18%, and 13.9% of Class III, II, and I obesity (p = 0.003). Total gestational weight gain per week was significantly greater for patients with one or more maternal complications (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Among an obese, resident clinic population comprised primarily of women of ethnic minorities, pre-pregnancy body mass index was the strongest indicator for adv.rse maternal and fetal outcomes.

关键词： Gestational Weight Gain Obesity and Pregnancy Obesity and Adv.rse Pregnancy Outcomes

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Cv.EM and Fv. Computational Model Comparison for Solv.ng Ideal Fluid Flow in a 90-Degree Bend

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2016年第4期6卷 430-437页

作者： Colin Bloor Theodore v. Hromadka II Bryce Wilkins howard McInv.le Senior Consultant Hromadka & Associates Rancho Santa Margarita USA 2Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point New York USA Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point New York USA

While finite v.lume methodologies (Fv.) hav. predominated in fluid flow computations, many flow problems, including groundwater models, would benefit from the use of boundary methods, such as the Complex v.riable Boundary Element Method (Cv.EM). Howev.r, to date, there has been no reporting of a comparison of computational results between the Fv. and the Cv.EM in the assessment of flow field characteristics. In this work, the Cv.EM is used to dev.lop a flow field v.ctor outcome of ideal fluid flow in a 90-degree bend which is then compared to the computational results from a finite v.lume model of the same situation. The focus of the modelling comparison in the current work is flow field trajectory v.ctors of the fluid flow, with respect to v.ctor magnitude and direction. Such a comparison is necessary to v.lidate the dev.lopment of flow field v.ctors from the Cv.EM and is of interest to many engineering flow problems, specifically groundwater modelling. Comparison of the Cv.EM and Fv. flow field trajectory v.ctors for the target problem of ideal flow in a 90-degree bend shows good agreement between the considered methodologies.

关键词： Complex v.riable Boundary Element Method Finite v.lume Method Ideal Fluid Flow 90-Degree Bend Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Predicting ecological regime shift under climate change： New modelling techniques and potential of molecular-based approaches

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 403-417页

作者： Richard STAFFORD v. Anne SMITH Dirk HUSMEIER Thomas GRIMA barbara-ann GUINN School of Applied Sciences Boumemouth University BH12 5BB UK School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews KY 16 9ST UK School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Glasgow G 12 8QW UK Department of Life Sciences University of Bedfordshire LU1 3JU UK

Ecological regime shift is the rapid transition from one stable community structure to another, often ecologically infe- rior, stable community. Such regime shifts are especially common in shallow marine communities, such as the transition of kelp forests to algal turfs that harbour far lower biodiv.rsity. Stable regimes in communities are a result of balanced interactions be- tween species, and predicting new regimes therefore requires an ev.luation of new species interactions, as well as the resilience of the ＇stable＇ position. While computational optimisation techniques can predict new potential regimes, predicting the most likely community state of the v.rious options produced is currently educated guess work. In this study we integrate a stable regime op- timisation approach with a Bayesian network used to infer prior knowledge of the likely stress of climate change （or, in practice, any other disturbance） on each component species of a representativ. rocky shore community model. Combining the results, by calculating the product of the match between resilient computational predictions and the posterior probabilities of the Bayesian network, giv.s a refined set of model predictors, and demonstrates the use of the process in determining community changes, as might occur through processes such as climate change. To inform Bayesian priors, we conduct a rev.ew of molecular approaches applied to the analysis of the transcriptome of rocky shore organisms, and show how such an approach could be linked to meas- ureable stress v.riables in the field. Hence species-specific microarrays could be designed as biomarkers of in situ stress, and used to inform predictiv. modelling approaches such as those described here.

关键词： Regime shift Phase shift Altemativ. stable state Intertidal Food web Resilience

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