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Beeswax:A minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 817-821页

作者： Filippo Fratini Giovanni Cilia barbara turchi Antonio Felicioli Department of Veterinary Sciences Viale delle Piagge 2University of Pisa Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for HealthVia del Borghetto 80University of Pisa

Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store *** to its rich hydrophobic protective properties,the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body ***,beeswax is used in the food industry:as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive(E901) to give shine to the *** as the honey which it contains,beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises,inflammation and ***,the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of *** few studies showed an anitimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella enterica,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive *** minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.

关键词： Beeswax Antimicrobial activity Honeybees Natural product

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Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in Tuscany, Italy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 702-705页

作者： Valentina Virginia Ebani Fabrizio Bertelloni barbara turchi Dario Filogari Domenico Cerri Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa

Objective: To determine the prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feeding ticks removed from hunted wild animals. Methods: PCR was executed on DNA extracted from 77 tick pools to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. Results: A total of 432 ticks were collected: 30(6.94%) Haemaphysalis punctata, 72(16.7%) Dermacentor marginatus and 330(76.38%) Ixodes ricinus. For each animal one or two pools of 3 ticks of the same species was constituted. Seventy-seven tick pools were examined by PCR: 58(75.32%) resulted infected and among them 14(18.18%) showed co-infections. In particular, 29(37.66%) pools were positive for Bartonella spp., 23(29.87%) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 16(20.78%) for Rickettsia spp., and 5(6.49%) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. All samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the presence of several zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in the studied area, and underline the risk of exposure to infections for hunters not only during the outdoor activity, but also when they manipulate hunted animals infested by infected ticks.

关键词： Ixodid ticks Tick-borne bacteria Wild animals PCR Hunters

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Experimental infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in European brown hare(Lepus europaeus,Pallas)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第3期10卷 269-274页

作者： Filippo Fratini Ranieri Verin Valentina V.Ebani Cecilia Ambrogi Fabrizio Bertelloni barbara turchi Alessandro Poli Domenico Cerri Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Universita di PisaPisa Italy Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolUK Corpo Forestale dello Stato Azienda Faunistica di MontefalconePisaItaly

Objective:To investigate clinicopathological,bacteriological and pathological aspects of an experimental infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis(***)in hares in order to verify the efficacy of serology for the in vivo ***,the pathogenicity of two *** strains was investigated in order to detect potential ***:Twelve European brown hares(Lepus europaeus,Pallas)were experimentally infected per os and via conjunctival mucosae with ***:six subjects were infected with a strain isolated from a naturally infected hare(YpH)and six subjects with a strain isolated from a naturally infected rabbit(YpR).Two hares were used as negative *** animals were subjected to clinical,bacteriological and serological examinations during 9 weeks following the infection and,at the end of the control period,subjects still alive were euthanized and submitted to a complete post mortem ***:All faecal samples collected during the control period were positive for bacteriological examinations and to a PCR for the inv gene of ***,while only one Yp H-infected hare showed a positive *** the 2nd to the 9th week post infection(pi),serological analysis revealed specific antibodies with titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:160 in all YpH-infected and two YpR-infected *** the Yp H-infected and two Yp R-infected hares scored positive for *** by means of bacteriological ***,suppurative multifocal lesions were detected in liver,spleen,kidney and sub-mandibular lymph nodes in both YpH-and YpR-infected hares and confirmed with *** lesions were observed only in Yp H-infected *** confirmed the presence of bacterial antigen in all infected ***:Results of this study revealed that YpH strain is more pathogenic for hares than the YpR strain;moreover the serological test performed in

关键词： Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Hare Bacteriology Serology Histopathology Immuno histochemistry

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