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Science Editing in America:An Overview

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科技与出版 2003年第4期 58-61页

作者： barbara Gastel MD Department of Journalism Texas A&M University 4111 TAMU College Station Texas778434111

In America，science editing appears to be anincreasingly recognized field. In what settings do American science editors work，and what kinds of work do they do? What is their educational background?

关键词： in html Science Editing in America

Chronic kidney disease as a predictor of clinical risk in the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第3期13卷 199-201页

作者： Francesca Viazzi Francesca Cappadona barbara Bonino Roberto Pontremoli University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Genoa Italy

Facing the needs of an increasingly ageing population is rapidly becoming a major public health issue in western countries, Chronic kidney disease （CKD）, whose current prevalence is estimated around 10%-15% in the general population, with considerably higher figures in at-risk groups, is widely known to increase with age. In the elderly, renal impairment is often concomitant or secondary to several other systemic disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis,

关键词： Albuminuria Chronic kidney disease Glomerular filtration rate Risk assessment The elderly

Forensic Readiness: Emerging Discipline for Creating Reliable and Secure Digital Evidence

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2015年第1期22卷 1-8页

作者： barbara Endicott-Popovsky Nicolai Kuntze Carsten Rudolph Institute of Technology University of Washington Fraunhofer Institute of Technology

Traditional approaches to digital forensics reconstruct events within digital systems that often are not built for the creation of evidence; however,there is an emerging discipline of forensic readiness that examines what it takes to build systems and devices that produce digital data records for which admissibility is a requirement. This paper reviews the motivation behind research in this area,a generic technical solution that uses hardware-based security to bind digital records to a particular state of a device and proposed applications of this solution in concrete,practical scenarios. Research history in this area,the notion of secure digital evidence and a technical solution are discussed. A solution to creating hardware-based security in devices producing digital evidence was proposed in 2012. Additionally,this paper revises the proposal and discusses three distinct scenarios where forensic readiness of devices and secure digital evidence are relevant. It shows,how the different requirements of the three scenarios can be realized using a hardware-based solution. The scenarios are:lawful interception of voice communication,automotive black box,precise farming. These three scenarios come from very distinctive application domains. Nevertheless,they share a common set of security requirements for processes to be documented and data records to be stored.

关键词： digital forensics forensic readiness calibration d

Calcium signaling in cholangiocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3466-3470页

作者： Noritaka Minagawa barbara E Ehrlich Michael H Nathanson Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CTUnited States Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine 1 Gilbert StreetRoom TAC S241DNew HavenCT 06519United States

Cytosolic Ca^2＋ is an important second messenger in virtually every type of cell. Moreover, Ca^2＋ generally regulates multiple activities within individual cells. This article reviews the cellular machinery that is responsible for Ca^2＋ signaling in cholangiocytes. In addition, two Ca^2＋-mediated events in cholangiocytes are discussed： bicarbonate secretion and apoptosis. Finally, emerging evidence is reviewed that Ca^2＋ signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting the biliary tree and that Ca^2＋ signaling pathways can be manipulated to therapeutic advantage in the treatment of cholestatic disorders.

关键词： Ca^2+ Cholangiocyte Inositol trisphosphate Bile secretion Cholestasis Apoptosis

Sonographic signs of neutropenic enterocolitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第9期12卷 1397-1402页

作者： Christoph F Dietrich Stella Hermann Stefan Klein barbara Braden Department of Internal Medicine Cari-tas Hospital Bad Mergentheim Bad MergentheimGermany Medical Department University Hospital Frankfurt/MainGermany

AIM： To investigate the sonographic features at time of diagnosis and follow-up in patients with neutropenic enterocolitis. METHODS： The sonographic findings in 14 patients with neutropenic enterocolitis were described and evaluated regarding symptoms and clinical outcome. RESULTS： In all patients with neutropenic enterocolitis, the ileocoecal region was involved with wall thickening 〉10 mm. A transmural inflammatory pattern, hypervascularity of the thickened bowel wall and free abdominal fluid were the common findings. The sonographically revealed thickness of the bowel wall was associated with lethal outcome （P〈0.03）. In the 11 surviving patients, the improvement of clinical symptoms was accompanied by progressive reduction of intestinal wall thickness. CONCLUSION： High-end sonography of the bowel is a helpful tool for diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and follow-up of patients with neutropenic enterocolitis. The ultrasonographically revealed bowel thickness reflects the severity and the course of the disease, and seems to be predictive for the clinical outcome.

关键词： Neutropenia Bowel wall thickness Ultrasonography

STABILIZATION, REFORMATION AND MELTING OF POLY(L-LACTIDE) CRYSTALLITES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 83-94页

作者： Tai-Yon Cho barbara Heck Gert Strobl Physikalisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt Freiburg 79104 FreiburgGermany

The large size of the crystallites in poly（L-lactide） and the low growth rate enable detailed time- and temperaturedependent X-ray scattering studies of the ordering processes to be carded out. A layer located intermediate between crystals and melt-like regions is observed which finally takes on crystalline order. Recrystallization processes during heating change the complete stack structure rather than the crystallites individually and produce voids in the stacks, Establishment of a new stable structure after a temperature jump in the melting range can be followed in time. DSC experiments indicate times of melting of the order of minutes.

关键词： Poly(L-lactide) Polymer crystallization Small angle X-ray scattering Semicrystalline structure.

Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第12期60卷 1231-1248页

作者： Annette Petersen Cuiwei Wang Christoph Crocoll barbara Ann Halkier DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen

Glucosinolates(GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human *** has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnologica approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.

关键词： GLS Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production

The influence of time and temperature on molecular gut content analysis： Adalia bipunctata fed with Rhopalosiphum padi

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 353-358页

作者： STUART MCMILLAN ANNA-KARIN KUUSK ANNA CASSELLUNDHAGEN barbara EKBOM Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7044 750 07 Uppsala Sweden

Gut content analysis is a useful tool when studying arthropod predator-prey interactions. We used polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technique to examine how detection of prey DNA in the gut content of predators was influenced by digestion time and temperature. Such knowledge is critical before applying PCR-based gut content analysis to field collected predators. Larvae of the two-spotted ladybeetle （Adalia bipunctata L.） were fed with the bird cherry-oat aphid （Rhopalosiphum padi L.） at either 21℃ or 14℃. After consuming one aphid, the predators were allowed to digest the prey for a range of time periods up to 24 hours. The influence of temperature on A. bipunctata feeding behavior was also recorded. From the fed larvae, total DNA was extracted and PCR reactions with R. padi specific primers were run. The number ofA. bipunctata that tested positive for R. padi DNA was negatively related to the length of digestion time. Temperature influenced larval feeding behavior but did not have a significant effect on R. padi DNA detection. After pooling the data from both temperature treatments we estimated the time point when R. padi DNA could be amplified from 50% of the fed A. bipunctata by PCR to be 4.87 hours. With such a rapid decrease in prey DNA detection success, positive PCR reactions will most likely be the result of predation events occurring shortly before capture. If a defined digestion temperature range has proven not to influence prey detection, PCR data obtained from predators collected within that particular range can be interpreted in the same way.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata aphidophagous predator prey DNA detection success gut content analysis PCR Rhopalosiphum padi

Production of the Cancer-Preventive Glucoraphanin in Tobacco

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Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 751-759页

作者： Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen Carl Erik Olsen barbara Ann Halkier University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Plant Biology Plant Biochemistry Laboratory VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Basic Sciences and Environment/Bioorganic Chemistry 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated reduced risk of developing cancer upon consumption of diets rich in cruciferous vegetables. This chemoprevention has been largely attributed to the presence of the natural products glu- cosinolates, particularly the methionine-derived glucoraphanin from broccoli. Improved nutrition by functional foods or health-promoting dietary supplements is an attractive means for prevention of lifestyle-based diseases. Towards this goal, we have engineered the glucoraphanin pathway into tobacco. First, we engineered elongation of the side chain of methionine to produce the key intermediate dihomo-methionine. This process is catalyzed through two cycles in a chain-elongation pathway that takes place partly in the cytosol and partly in the chloroplast. Second, by coupling the five enzymes of the chain-elongation pathway to eight enzymes of the glucosinolate pathway, we show production of glucoraphanin together with other glucosinolates derived from chain-elongated isoleucine and/or leucine. The conver- sion of methionine to glucoraphanin is obtained via 14 intermediates. Demonstrating the production of the high-value glucoraphanin in a heterologous host has great potential in the food and medicinal industry as a means to generate a stable, rich source of glucoraphanin for the benefit of human health.

关键词： Compartmentation secondary metabolism/natural products Agrobacterium Arabidopsis tobacco glucosinolates metabolic engineering.