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Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nepal’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-11页

作者： parajuli Ayuska Kakchapati Sampurna Arjyal Abriti Joshi Deepak Kharel Chandani del Barrio Mariam Otmani baral Sushil C HERD International Saibu Awas Cr-Marga Bhaisepati Lalitpur Nepal UNICEF/UNDp/World Bank/WHO Special programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Nepal, high in settings marked by prevalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either privileging or oppressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national policies and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis programme (NTp) by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via HMIS.Methods A desk review of key policies and the NTp’s HMIS was conducted. Retrospective intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTp report (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and types of TB, registration category and treatment outcome.Results Gender, social inclusion and concept of intersectionality are incorporated into various health policies and strategies but lack effective implementation. NTp has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely reported, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB patients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06,p = 0.01)] of successful outcome compared to male TB patients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with types of TB (p p p patient registration category (old/new cases).Conclusions The results highlight inadequacy in the avail

关键词： Tuberculosis Intersectional gender analysis Gender and social inequities Social determinant Health Management Information System National Tuberculosis programme Social inclusion Gender

A rational preparation strategy of phase tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures for high-performance all-solid asymmetric supercapacitor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 192-206,I0006页

作者： M.Kundu D.Mondal I.Mondal A.baral p.Halder S.Biswas B.K.paul N.Bose R.Basu S.Das Department of physics Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Department of physics Jogamaya Devi CollegeKolkata 700026India Rescon India pvt.Ltd Kolkata 700034India School of Advanced Materials Green Energy and Sensor Systems(SAMGESS)IIESTShibpurHowrah 711103India Bangabasi College Kolkata 700009India University of Engineering and Management Kolkata 700160India

In this work,phase and morphology-tuned MoO_(3) nanostructures are synthesized through a novel modified co-precipitation method,and their electrochemical properties are investigated.For the first time,such a simple surfactant-assisted synthesis process aided by minor temperature variations is reported which results in phase transition of the nanoparticles from h-MoO_(3) nano-rods to a-MoO_(3) nano-flakes.The nanostructures thus developed are highly porous and crystalline with significantly large specific surface area as compared to previous literature.The theoretical bandgap energy of the optimized sample calculated using perdew-Zunger local density approximation(LDA) is in good agreement with the experimental findings.An overall structural,morphological,and surface-behavioural analysis predicts the electrochemical superiority in 2D a-MoO_(3).The cyclic voltammetry and galvano-potentiometry measurements of 2D a-MoO_(3) in the potential window of-0.6 V to +0.2 V present the highest pseudosupercapacitive response with a maximum specific capacitance of 829 F g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)as compared to h-MoO_(3) (452 F g^(-1)) and h@a-MoO_(3) (783 F g^(-1)).Thus,the MoO_(3) 2D nanostructures synthesized through our novel synthesis technique display excellent specific capacitance as compared to previous reported data.Additionally,a-MoO_(3) exhibits a galvanostatic charging-discharging cyclic stability of about 91%after 2000 cycles,indicating that it can serve as an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors.A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully constructed using a-MoO_(3) which can light up 4 red LEDs for 10 s.The specific energy density of the device reaches a maximum value of 36.3 W h kg^(-1)at the power density of 50 W kg^(-1).

关键词： MoO_(3)nanoparticles Asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor Electrochemical performance Low-temperature novel synthesis technique Density functional calculations

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Evidence for the polyphyly of Encoelia and Encoelioideae with reconsideration of respective families in Leotiomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第1期82卷 183-219页

作者： Kadri pärtel Hans-Otto baral Heidi Tamm Kadri põldmaa Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuLai 40EE-51005 TartuEstonia Mycological Collections Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia Blaihofstraße 42 72074 TübingenGermany

This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.

关键词： Environmental sequencing Fungicolous ascomycetes Helotiaceae Lichenicolous fungi Forest pathogens Taxonomy

Exploring the impact of soil water variability and varietal diversity on alfalfa yield,nutritional quality,and farm profitability

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 266-278页

作者： Rudra baral S.V.Krishna Jagadish Nathan Hein Romulo p.Lollato Aleksan Shanoyan Anil K.Giri Jiyung Kim Myungkyo Kim Doohong Min University of Missouri Extension ColumbiaMissouriUSA Deartment of plant and Soil Science Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Economic Research Service United States Department of AgricultureKansas CityMissouriUSA School of Business Hanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

Background:Despite high nutritional and economic value,alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States.Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality,affecting its physiological processes,nutrient uptake,and stand growth.Additionally,the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality.Thus,this study aimed to assess the effect of different soil moisture levels and harvesting times on forage yield,nutritive value,and the overall profitability of commercially cultivated alfalfa.Methods:Two conventional and three lower-lignin alfalfa varieties were planted in a randomized complete block with split plot design under drought,rainfed,and irrigation conditions in 2020 in Manhattan,Kansas,USA.The dry matter yield(DMY)and forage nutritive value were evaluated at late bud,early flowering,and 7 days after early flowering stages,respectively.Results:DMY varied with production year,soil water availability,and growth stages,with drought conditions causing a decline in DMY of 5%to 38%in the second production year.Water conditions and maturity stages influenced crude protein(Cp)and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD).Higher soil moisture and advancing maturity stages negatively impacted Cp,IVDMD,and relative forage quality.The study revealed net profit margins of 62%,64%,and 52%for drought-prone,rainfed,and irrigated production,respectively.Conclusions:Harvest timing and irrigation practices were found to have substantial implications for forage yield and nutritive value of alfalfa.The yield-quality trade-off differed under drought and irrigation,with early harvesting leading to lower yields but higher protein content and digestibility.The study findings provide potential guidance for improving alfalfa hay yield,quality,and profitability.

关键词： crude protein drought dry matter yield forage nutritive value irrigation net farm income rainfed relative forage quality

Restoration of dysregulated CC chemokine signaling for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by neem leaf glycoprotein maximizes tumor cell cytotoxicity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第5期7卷 396-408页

作者： Krishnendu Chakraborty Anamika Bose Tathagata Chakraborty Koustav Sarkar Shyamal Goswami Smarajit pal Rathindranath baral Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics Chittaranjan National Cancer InstituteKolkataIndia Unit of Clinical Biochemistry Chittaranjan National Cancer InstituteKolkataIndia

previous studies have shown that the CC chemokine receptor CCR5 is downregulated on monocyte/macrophage(MO/Mw)surfaces in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients(stage IIIB).Ligands(RANTES,MIp-1a and MIp-1b)of this chemokine receptor were also secreted in lesser quantity from MO/Mw of HNSCC patients in comparison with healthy individuals.In an aim to restore this dysregulated receptor–ligand signaling,we have used neem leaf glycoprotein(NLGp),a novel immunomodulator reported from our laboratory.NLGp upregulated CCR5 expression,as evidenced from studies on MO/Mw of peripheral blood from HNSCC patients as well as healthy individuals.Expression of RANTES,MIp-1a and MIp-1b was also upregulated following NLGp treatment of these cells in vitro.Interestingly,NLGp has little effect on the expression of CCR5 and the ligand RANTES in oral cancer cells.This restored CCR5 receptor–ligand signaling seen in MO/Mw was reflected in improved CCR5-dependent,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MApK)-mediated migration of MO/Mw after NLGp treatment to a standard chemoattractant.NLGp also induces better antigen presentation and simultaneous costimulation to effector T cells by MO/Mw by upregulating human leucocyte antigen(HLA)-ABC,CD80 and CD86.In addition,NLGp-treated MO/Mw-primed T cells can effectively lyse tumor cells in vitro.The effects of NLGp on monocyte migration and T cell-mediated oral tumor cell killing were further demonstrated in transwell assays with or without CCR5 neutralization.These results suggest a new approach in cancer immunotherapy by modulating dysregulated CCR5 signals from MO/Mw.

关键词： CCR5 chemokine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma monocytes neem leaf glycoprotein

Composition of forests and vegetation in the Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1625-1635页

作者： Ripu Mardhan Kunwar Maria Fadiman Tobin Hindle Madan Krishna Suwal Yagya prasad Adhikari Kedar baral Rainer Bussmann Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Geography University of BergenFosswinckelsgate 6P.O.Box 78025020 BergenNorway Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstr.3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Forests Kathmandu 44600Nepal Ilia State University Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/50162 TbilisiRepublic of Georgia

A total of 141 quadrats were sampled using stratified random sampling to study forest,environment and human interactions along an elevation gradient 1800 to 3665 m at the remote Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal.Eight forest types were identified,including Laurel-Oak to Rhododendron to Blue pine,comprising 191 species including 60 useful from 166 genera and 87 families.The environmental variables elevation,slope,and temperature were significant(pposition and distribution of forest types.Records of large numbers of useful plants along with diverse forest and vegetation types suggest a strong association between the culture of local villages and nature conservation.Due to changes in climate,socio-culture and land-use,forest degradation is expected to accelerate,thus forcing government and indigenous community forest management measures to acknowledge human,cultural and environmental variables for sustainable forest management.

关键词： phyto-sociological assessment Environmental factors Forest types Culture Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal

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Contribution of high risk groups’unmet needs may be underestimated in epidemic models without risk turnover:A mechanistic modelling analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 549-562页

作者： Jesse Knight Stefan D.baral Sheree Schwartz Linwei Wang Huiting Ma Katherine Young Harry Hausler Sharmistha Mishra MAp Centre for Urban Health Solutions Unity Health TorontoCanada Deptartment of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUSA TB HIV Care South Africa Division of Infectious Disease Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Health policy Management and EvaluationDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Medical Sciences University of TorontoCanada

Background:Epidemic models of sexually transmitted infections(STIs)are often used to characterize the contribution of risk groups to overall transmission by projecting the transmission population attributable fraction(tpAF)of unmet prevention and treatment needs within risk groups.However,evidence suggests that STI risk is dynamic over an individual’s sexual life course,which manifests as turnover between risk groups.We sought to examine the mechanisms by which turnover influences modelled projections of the tpAF of high risk groups.Methods:We developed a unifying,data-guided framework to simulate risk group turnover in deterministic,compartmental transmission models.We applied the framework to an illustrative model of an STI and examined the mechanisms by which risk group turnover influenced equilibrium prevalence across risk groups.We then fit a model with and without turnover to the same risk-stratified STI prevalence targets and compared the inferred level of risk heterogeneity and tpAF of the highest risk group projected by the two models.Results:The influence of turnover on group-specific prevalence was mediated by three main phenomena:movement of previously high risk individuals with the infection into lower risk groups;changes to herd effect in the highest risk group;and changes in the number of partnerships where transmission can occur.Faster turnover led to a smaller ratio of STI prevalence between the highest and lowest risk groups.Compared to the fitted model without turnover,the fitted model with turnover inferred greater risk heterogeneity and consistently projected a larger tpAF of the highest risk group over time.Implications:If turnover is not captured in epidemic models,the projected contribution of high risk groups,and thus,the potential impact of prioritizing interventions to address their needs,could be underestimated.To aid the next generation of tpAF models,data collection efforts to parameterize risk group turnover should be prioritized.

关键词： Mathematical modelling Transmission Risk heterogeneity Turnover Sexually transmitted infection population attributable fraction

Antioxidant Capacity and phenolic Content of Some Nepalese Medicinal plants

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 1660-1665页

作者： Bijaya Laxmi Maharjan Bikash baral Biotechnology Laboratory Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Kathmandu Nepal. Natural products Research Laboratory Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Kathmandu Nepal

Antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents of medicinal plants namely Usnea longifolia, Cetraria nepalensis, parmelia minarum, Everniastrum nepalense, Rhododendron anthopogon and Fritillaria delavayi were analyzed via Folin-Ciocaltau assay, Ferric reducing activity power assay and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. All the tested plants depicted the antioxidant activity with variation in extent of activity among the plants. The FRAp (F-value: 387.4), DppH (F-value: 89.684) and TpC (F-value: 559.163) values between the extracts showed the highly significant differences (p potential of R. anthopogon among the plants tested.

关键词： DppH FRAp Fritillaria Lichens phytochemicals Rhododendron TpC

Compact Narrow Band Non-Degenerate Dual-Mode Microstrip Filter with Etched Square Lattices

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2010年第2期2卷 98-103页

作者： p. K. Singhal S. Mathur R. N. baral 不详

A compact narrowband non-degenerate dual-mode microstrip filter with square shape cuts is presented. The structure is developed by loading the conventional non-degenerate dual-mode resonator by open circuit stubs at two opposite corners. The filter bandwidth is controlled by only decreasing the higher cutoff frequency of the conventional type. With Square shape cuts, return loss is improved. A 20% fractional bandwidth filter is designed and implemented on FR4 material with 4.4 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm thickness at center frequency of 1.5 GHz with passband of 1.3 GHz to 1.6 GHz. Analysis has been achieved using the IE3D simulator. Experimental results do agree with simulations.

关键词： Microstrip Dual Mode Narrowband Filter Square patch Resonator