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Numerical simulation of landscape evolution and mountain uplift history constrain——A case study from the youthful stage mountains around the central Hexi Corridor,NE Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第3期64卷 412-424页

作者： baotian pan Shun CAI Haopeng GENG Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Landscape evolution models(LEMs)are essential tools for analyzing tectonic-climate interactions and reproducing landform-shaping *** this study we used a LEM to simulate the evolution of the mountains from the central Hexi Corridor in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,where the climate is arid and the surface processes are relatively ***,there are pronounced differences in the topography between the mountains around the central Hexi *** East Jintanan Shan,West Jintanan Shan and Heli Shan are located in the northern part of the corridor;and the Yumu Shan in the southern ***,several representative areas were selected from these mountains to analyze the topographic characteristics,including the uniform valley spacing,local relief,and the outlet ***,a LEM for these areas was constructed using the Landlab platform,and the landscape evolution was *** uniform valley spacing and other topographic characteristics as the criteria,we compared the realistic and simulated terrain for different model ***,based on the similarity of the simulated and realistic terrain,we estimated the timing of the initial uplift and the uplift rate of the four mountain *** results are consistent with previous geological and geomorphological records from these youthful stage mountains that have not yet reached a steady *** findings demonstrate that LEMs combined with topographic characteristics are a reliable means of constraining the timing of the initial uplift and the uplift rate of the youthful stage *** approach can potentially be applied to other youthful stage mountains and it may become a valuable tool in tectonic geomorphology research.

关键词： Hexi Corridor Landscape evolution models Youthful stage mountains Topographic characteristics Uniform valley spacing

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Fluvial terraces and their implications for Weihe River valley evolution in the Sanyangchuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第3期60卷 413-427页

作者： GAO HongShan LI ZongMeng LIU XiaoFeng pan baotian WU YaJie LIU FenLiang Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System Ministry of EducationCollege of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationLanzhou 730000China

Fluvial terraces are important geomorphic markers for modern valley *** coupled with numeric ages,terraces can provide abundant information about tectonic,climatic,paleohydrological and the paleoenvironmental *** the basis of the paleomagnetic,electron spin resonance(ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating,in addition to an investigation of local loess-paleosol sequences,we confirmed that 13 fluvial terraces were formed,and then preserved,along the course of the Upper Weihe River in the Sanyangchuan Basin over the past 1.2 *** of the characteristics and genesis of these terraces indicate that they resulted from the response of this particular river system to climate change over an orbital *** changes can further be placed within the context of local and regional tectonic uplift,and represent an alternation between lateral migration and vertical incision,dependent upon the predominance of climatic and tectonic controls during different *** of the terraces are strikingly similar in that they have several meters of paleosols which have developed directly on top of fluvial deposits located on the terrace treads,suggesting that the abandonment of terraces due to river incision occurred during the transitions from glacial to interglacial *** temporal and spatial differences in the distribution patterns of terraces located on either side of the river valley indicate that a tectonic inversion occurred in Sanyangchuan Basin at-0.62 Ma,and that this was characterized by a transition from overall uplift to depression induced by fault *** studies of the Basin's terraces indicate that formation of the modern valley of the Upper Weihe River may have begun in the late Early Pleistocene between1.4-1.2 Ma.

关键词： River terrace Valley evolution Tectonic activity Climate change Sanyangchuan Basin

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Quantitative analysis of planation surfaces of the upper Yangtze River in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region, Southwest China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 55-74页

作者： Fenliang LIU Hongshan GAO baotian pan Zongmeng LI Huai SU Key Laboratory of Westem China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth and EnvironmentalSciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geographic Sciences Xinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China College of Tourism and Geography Science Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China

Identification of the planation surfaces (PSs)is key for utilizing them as a reference in studying the long- term geomorphological evolution of the Upper Yangtze River Basin in the Sichuan-Yurman region,Southwest *** a combined method of DEM-based fuzzy logic and topographic and fiver profiles analysis and based on a comprehensive analysis of four morphometfic parameters:slope,curvature,terrain raggedness index, and relative height,we established the relevant fuzzy membership functions,and then calculated the membership degree (MD)of the study *** show that patches with a MD>80% and an area>0.4 km^2 correspond well to the results of Google Earth and field investigation,representing the PS *** consist of 1764 patches with an altitude,area,mean slope,and relief of mostly 2000-2500 m above sea level (asl),0-10 km^2,4°-9°,0-500 m,respectively,covering 9.2% of the study area's landscape,dipping to southeast,decreasing progressively from northwest to southeast in altitude,and with no clear relation between each patch's altitude and slope,or *** these results indicate that they are remnants of once regionally continuous PSs which were deformed by both the lower crust flow and the faults in upper crust,and dissected by the network of Upper Yangtze ***,topographic and river profiles analysis show that three PSs (PS1-PS3)well developed along the main valleys in the Yongren-Huili region, indicating several phases of uplift then planation during the Late Cenozoic *** on the incision amount deduced from projection of relict river profiles on PSs, together with erosion rates,breakup times of the PS 1,PS2,and PS3 were estimated to be 3.47 Ma,2.19 Ma,and 1.45 Ma,respectively,indicating appearance of modem Upper Yangtze River valley started between the Pliocene to early Pleistocene.

关键词： planation surface fuzzy logic topographic analysis river profile analysis Upper Yangtze River Southwest China

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Instability characteristics of the East Asian Monsoon recorded by high-resolution loess sections from the last interglacial (MIS5)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第7期50卷 1067-1075页

作者： GUAN QingYu pan baotian GAO HongShan LI BingYuan WANG JunPing SU Huai Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(MOE) Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The selection of high-resolution loess sections is needed in order to determine the climatic variability of the East Asian Monsoon during the last interglacial. Two sequences of S1 on the eastern and west-ern sides of the Liupan Mountain were both composed of five paleosol layers and four loess layers,indicating that there were five strong summer monsoon events and four strong winter monsoon events in MIS5. This corresponds with other records of the East Asian Monsoon,along with NGRIP and the North Atlantic records,implying that the climate of the Northern Hemisphere was very instable during the last interglacial. Two layers of paleosols and one layer of loess had developed during MIS5a and MIS5c. Compared with MIS5e,the climate in MIS5a and MIS5c fluctuated more intensively on a millen-nial scale,whereas the climate was relatively stable in MIS5e.

关键词： last interglacial paleosol East Asian monsoon Shagou loess section Wangguan loess section Liupan Mountain

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Age and genesis of the Shagou River terraces in eastern Qi-lian Mountains

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第6期46卷 509-513页

作者： pan baotian WU Guangjian WANG Yixiang LIU Zhigang GUAN Qingyu Department of Geography Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The fluvial terrace sequence in eastern Qilian Mountains is a record of periodic uplift events of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on paleomagnetic dating, thermolumines-cence dating, radio carbon dating and loess-paleosol sequence on terraces, we preliminarily determine the ages of five major terraces of the Shagou River, northern side of the Qilian Mountains. The ages of five terraces were about 830, 418, 250,140 and 10 ka, respectively. Analysis on characteristics of terraces show that five major terraces were mainly tectonic genesis. Therefore, five major terraces recorded five strong rising events in the Qilian Mountains during the past 830 ka. The ages of those rising events are about the same as those terraces formation. Sub-terraces, constituting a main terrace, were perhaps mainly formed by climatic changes.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Qilian Mountains terrace uplift.

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Geological and surfacial processes and major disaster effects in the Yellow River Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第2期65卷 234-256页

作者： Hengxing LAN Jianbing PENG Yanbo ZHU Langping LI baotian pan Qiangbing HUANG Junhua LI Qiang ZHANG School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System(LREIS) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Environmental Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy CommissionZhengzhou 450003China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Yellow River Basin(YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity. Correspondingly, major disasters in the YRB are characterized by varied types,extensive distributions, and sudden occurrences. In addition, major disasters in the YRB usually evolve into disaster chains that cause severe consequences. Therefore, major disasters in the YRB destroy ecologies and environments and influence geological and ecological safety in the basin. This paper systematically reviews research on geological and surface processes, major disaster effects, and risk mitigation in the YRB, discusses the trends and challenges of relevant research, analyzes the key scientific problems that need to be solved, and suggests prospects for future research based on the earth system science concept. Themes of research that should be focused on include geological, surface and climatic processes in the YRB and their interlinking disaster gestation mechanisms;formation mechanisms and disaster chain evolutions of giant landslides in the upper reach of the YRB;mechanisms and disaster chain effects of loess water-soil disasters in the middle reach of the YRB;occurrence patterns and amplifying effects of giant flood chains in the lower reach of the YRB;and risk mitigations of major disasters in the YRB. Key scientific problems that need to be solved are as follows: how to reveal the geological, surface and climatic processes that are coupled and interlinked with gestation mechanisms of major disasters;how to clarify the mutual feedback effects between major disasters and ecology;and how to develop a human-environmental harmony-based integrated risk mitigation system for major disasters. Prospects for future studies that follow the earth system science concept include the following: highlighting interdisciplinary research to reveal the interlinked disaster gestation mechanisms of the geology, surface and climate in the

关键词： Yellow River Basin Geological process Geomorphological evolution Major disaster effect Ecology and environment Risk mitigation

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Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain,northeast Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第27期55卷 3205-3214页

作者： HU XlaoFei pan baotian KIRBY Eric LI QingYang GENG HaoPeng CHEN JiFeng Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (MOE) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 USA

The rate and distribution of deformation along the Qilian Mountain,on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,is needed to understand the evolution of high topography associated with the ***,a number of empirical studies have provided support for the contention,common to most models of fluvial incision,that rock uplift rate exerts a first-order control on the gradient of longitudinal river *** the northern Qilian Mountain,this method is used to extract information about the spatial patterns of differential rock *** of the longitudinal profiles of bedrock channels reveals systematic differences in the channel steepness index along the trend of the frontal *** comparisons of channel steepness reveal that lithology and precipitation have limited influence on channel ***,there is little evidence suggesting that channel steepness is influenced by differences in the sediment *** argue that the distribution of channel steepness in the Qilian Mountain is mostly the result of differential rates of rock ***,channel steepness indices reveal a lower rock uplift rate in the eastern portion of the Qilian Mountain and a higher rate in the middle and *** highest rates appear to occur in the middle-west portions of the range,just to the west of the Yumu Shan.

关键词：青藏高原东北部隆升速率祁连山通道空间差异隆起北缘剖面分析

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Paleomagnetic dating of the Jiuquan Gravel in the Hexi Corridor:Implication on mid-Pleistocene uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第23期46卷 2001-2005页

作者： ZHAO Zhijun FANG Xiaomin LI Jijun pan baotian YAN Maodu SHI Zhengtao Department of Geography Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Faculty of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210097China

The sediments in the foreland basins around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau preserved crucial information to reveal its tectonic history. In the Hexi Corridor, north periphery of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the angular unconformity between the Jiuquan Gravel and the Yumen Conglomerate has been well known to represent an intensive tectonic event of the plateau. However, its age is poorly constrained. Our paleomagnetic dating at the Laojunmiao section in the Jiuxi Basin show that the bottom of the Jiuquan Gravel reaches 0.84 MaBP, the top of the Yumen Conglomerate is about 0.93 MaBP. This result clearly demonstrates that the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau experienced an intensive movement at mid-Pleistocene.

关键词： Hexi Corridor Jiuquan Gravel Yumen Conglomerate.

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How can a youthful mountain survive in a foreland setting?–Constraining the uplift threshold rate by numerical simulation

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Science Bulletin 2022年第12期67卷 1233-1235,M0003页

作者： Haopeng Geng Shun Cai Honghua Lü baotian pan Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224002China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Active orogenic belts provide natural laboratories for investigating the mechanisms of tectonic deformation and landscape *** their foreland basins,the relatively continuous sedimentary archives and varied geomorphic units have documented the history of the tectonic uplift of the adjacent orogenic *** records(e.g.,low-temperature thermochronology and sedimentology)can reveal the history of mountain building on a timescale of tens of millions of *** contrast,geomorphic evidence generally documents the history of much younger landforms.

关键词：前陆盆地背斜构造晚第四纪抬升速率天山北麓逆断裂造山带新近纪

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Dating and genesis of the upper Weihe River terraces in Longxi basin,China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1334-1340页

作者： pan baotian, Liu Xiaofeng, Gao Hongshan, Wang Yong and Li Jijun(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China) Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Seven terraces along the Weihe River in Longxi basin have been investigated. These terraces all consist of archetypal duality in structure, namely the floodplain deposits and the layer of gravels overlaid by varying thickness of the loess. By resorting to various dating approaches such as palaeomagnetic, optically stimulated luminescenece (OSL), 14C and loess-paleosol sequence, we provide preliminary timing of these seven terraces along upper Weihe River. Analysis on sedimentation characteristics and dating of these terraces showed that seven terraces may be jointly generated by tectonic uplifts and climatic changes. Tectonic uplifts may accommodate initial river incision, and climatic change may be responsible for processes of subsequent channel widening and aggradation. Aggradation normally occurs during glacial periods, in contrast to down-cuttings during transitions from glacial to interglacial period. Moreover, on the basis of the timings and heights of these terraces, we infer that the long-term rate of river incision was determined to be 0.2 m/kyr during the last 870 kyr, which differs from other river incision rates. This discrepancy may reflect spatio-temporal differentiation of tectonic activities in the Qinling orogenic belt during the Pleistocene.

关键词： loess stratigraphy river terraces climate change Upper Weihe River

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