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Feedbacks between vegetation restoration and local precipitation over the Loess Plateau in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第6期64卷 920-931页

作者： baoqing zhang Lei TIAN Xining ZHAO Pute WU Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Green Development for the Yellow River Drainage Basin Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China

The implementation of large-scale vegetation restoration over the Chinese Loess Plateau has achieved clear improvements in vegetation fraction,as evidenced by large areas of slopes and plains being restored to grassland or ***,such large-scale vegetation restoration has altered land-atmosphere exchanges of water and energy,as the land surface characteristics have *** variations could affect regional climate,especially local *** evaluating this feedback is an important scientific question in *** study constructs a coupled land-atmosphere model incorporating vegetation dynamics,and analyzes the spatio-temporal changes of different land use types and land surface parameters over the Loess *** considering the impacts of vegetation restoration on the water-energy cycle and on land-atmosphere interactions,we quantified the feedback effect of vegetation restoration on local precipitation across the Loess Plateau,and discussed the important underlying *** achieve a quantitative evaluation,we designed two simulation experiments,comprising a real scenario with vegetation restoration and a hypothetical scenario without vegetation *** enabled a comparison and analysis of the net impact of vegetation restoration on local *** results show that vegetation restoration had a positive effect on local precipitation over the Loess *** show that precipitation on the Loess Plateau increased significantly,at a rate of 7.84 mm yr^(-2),from 2000 to *** simulations show that the contribution of large-scale vegetation restoration to the precipitation increase was about 37.4%,while external atmospheric circulation changes beyond the Loess Plateau contributed the other 62.6%.The average annual precipitation under the vegetation restoration scenario over the Loess Plateau was 12.4%higher than that under the scenario without vegetation *** above research re

关键词： Coupled land-atmosphere modeling Vegetation restoration Water balance Hydrometeorology Ecohydrology

A Modified Groundwater Module in SWAT for Improved Streamflow Simulation in a Large, Arid Endorheic River Watershed in Northwest China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第1期28卷 47-60页

作者： JIN Xin HE Chansheng zhang Lanhui zhang baoqing College of Geographical Science Qinghai Normal University Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education) Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science College of Environment and Earth Science Lanzhou University Department of Geography Western Michigan University

Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers.

关键词： Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) groundwater irrigation streamflow Heihe River

In situ observations of soil hydraulic properties and soil moisture in a high,cold mountainous area of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第8期66卷 1757-1775页

作者： Jie TIAN baoqing zhang Xuejin WANG Chansheng HE Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography Environmentand TourismWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichigan 49009USA Dayekou Hydrological Process Observation and Research Station Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Information on soil hydraulic properties(SHPs)and soil moisture(SM)is essential to understand and model water and energy cycles at terrestrial ***,information regarding these soil properties in existing datasets is often scarce and inaccurate for high,cold mountainous areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).To help bridge this gap,we have compiled an SHP and SM dataset for the northeastern QTP(a major high,cold mountainous area)using measurements of soil collected at 5 and 25 cm depths from 206 sampling sites,and in-situ observations from 32 SM monitoring stations at 5,15,25,40,and 60 cm *** used this dataset to explore large-scale variations(spatial and temporal)in SHPs and SM across the study *** also evaluated several widely used SHP(soil texture,bulk density,and saturated hydraulic conductivity)and SM datasets derived by remote-sensing methods,reanalysis and data *** datasets showed that SM significantly decreases from the southeastern part to the northwestern part in the study area,and SM decreases with increases in depth over 0–70 ***,the regional annual SM showed decreased trend from 2014 to 2020 in the study ***,we detected substantial bias in the currently available large SHP datasets,which do not capture the spatial variability recorded in the in-situ ***,clay and sand estimates from both HWSD and SoilGrid datasets were significantly overestimated,and silt was significantly underestimated within the depth of 0–30 cm in the study *** also found that SM values derived from remote sensing datasets fitted the in-situ SM observations better than those derived from the reanalysis data(which had higher bias)and data assimilation(which did not capture the temporal variability of SM).Our findings emphasize the unneglectable bias of the widely-used large-scale SHP datasets,especially for the soil texture ***,an urgent need for large-scale field sampling of SHP in mountainous

关键词： Mountainous areas Soil hydraulic properties Soil moisture Soil property datasets Soil moisture datasets

基于TLR2/NF-κB信号通路探讨茵陈清肺颗粒对肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠的调控作用及机制

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中医药学报 2025年第1期53卷 29-34页

作者：王睿昊张葆青贾广媛周旭山东中医药大学第一临床医学院山东济南250011 山东省中医院山东济南250011

目的:探究茵陈清肺颗粒治疗肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的作用机制和有效靶点。方法:选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠36只,普通饲料适应性喂养3 d后,随机选取6只作为空白组,剩余30只采用肺炎支原体(MP)菌液滴鼻联合高脂饮食和外环境法建立湿热闭肺证模型... 详细信息

目的:探究茵陈清肺颗粒治疗肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的作用机制和有效靶点。方法:选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠36只,普通饲料适应性喂养3 d后,随机选取6只作为空白组,剩余30只采用肺炎支原体(MP)菌液滴鼻联合高脂饮食和外环境法建立湿热闭肺证模型。成功建立模型后随机分为模型组、阿奇霉素组(给予阿奇霉素90.1 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、茵陈清肺颗粒高(8.109 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)、)、中(5.406 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、低剂量组(2.703 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),模型组及空白组灌服等体积0.9%生理盐水。给药3 d后,在末次给药4 h后取材,HE染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化;RT-qPCR技术检测肺组织TLR2、MyD88、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平;Western blot技术检测肺组织TLR2、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果:HE染色结果表明,空白组可见肺泡结构清晰,模型组出现肺实变,大量炎性细胞浸润,血管内大量出血,各给药组均能改善小鼠肺组织病变、细胞浸润及炎症程度。mRNA表达水平检测结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组TLR2、MyD88以及NF-κB p65的mRNA表达显著增高(P<0.01),与模型组比较,除茵陈清肺颗粒低剂量组NF-κB p65外,其余给药组的mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),茵陈清肺颗粒高剂量组TLR2 mRNA表达低于阿奇霉素组(P<0.05)。蛋白表达水平检测结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组TLR2、MyD88以及NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),除茵陈清肺颗粒中剂量组MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白表达外,其他给药组通路蛋白表达均显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:茵陈清肺颗粒能明显改善MP小鼠肺组织炎性症状,其机制可能与抑制TLR2/NF-κB信号通路相关。

关键词： TLR2/NF-κB 肺炎支原体肺炎祛湿通络茵陈清肺颗粒

Regional and Global Land Data Assimilation Systems: Innovations,Challenges, and Prospects

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第2期33卷 159-189页

作者： Youlong XIA Zengchao HAO Chunxiang SHI Yaohui LI Jesse MENG Tongren XU Xinying WU baoqing zhang I.M.Systems Group at Environmental Modeling Center(EMC) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Institute of Arid Meteorology China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of Natural ResourcesFaculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems of Ministry of Education College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University

Since the North American and Global Land Data Assimilation Systems(NLDAS and GLDAS) were established in2004, significant progress has been made in development of regional and global LDASs. National, regional, projectbased, and global LDASs are widely developed across the world. This paper summarizes and overviews the development, current status, applications, challenges, and future prospects of these LDASs. We first introduce various regional and global LDASs including their development history and innovations, and then discuss the evaluation, validation, and applications(from numerical model prediction to water resources management) of these LDASs. More importantly, we document in detail some specific challenges that the LDASs are facing: quality of the in-situ observations, satellite retrievals, reanalysis data, surface meteorological forcing data, and soil and vegetation databases; land surface model physical process treatment and parameter calibration; land data assimilation difficulties; and spatial scale incompatibility problems. Finally, some prospects such as the use of land information system software, the unified global LDAS system with nesting concept and hyper-resolution, and uncertainty estimates for model structure,parameters, and forcing are discussed.

关键词： land data assimilation system (LDAS) regional and global LDASs in-situ observation satellite retrieval land surface model (LSM)

Evaluating Soil Moisture Predictions Based on Ensemble Kalman Filter and SiB2 Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第2期33卷 190-205页

作者： Xiaolei FU Zhongbo YU Ying TANG Yongjian DING Haishen LYU baoqing zhang Xiaolei JIANG Qin JU State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou University State Key Laboratory of Hydrology–Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Department of Geography Michigan State University College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University

Soil moisture is an important variable in the fields of hydrology, meteorology, and agriculture, and has been used for numerous applications and forecasts. Accurate soil moisture predictions on both a large scale and local scale for different soil depths are needed. In this study, a soil moisture assimilation and prediction based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF) and Simple Biosphere Model(SiB2) have been performed in Meilin watershed, eastern China, to evaluate the initial state values with different assimilation frequencies and precipitation influences on soil moisture predictions. The assimilated results at the end of the assimilation period with different assimilation frequencies were set to be the initial values for the prediction period. The measured precipitation, randomly generated precipitation,and zero precipitation were used to force the land surface model in the prediction period. Ten cases were considered based on the initial value and precipitation. The results indicate that, for the summer prediction period with the deeper water table depth, the assimilation results with different assimilation frequencies influence soil moisture predictions significantly. The higher assimilation frequency gives better soil moisture predictions for a long lead-time. The soil moisture predictions are affected by precipitation within the prediction period. For a short lead-time, the soil moisture predictions are better for the case with precipitation, but for a long lead-time, they are better without precipitation. For the winter prediction period with a lower water table depth, there are better soil moisture predictions for the whole prediction period. Unlike the summer prediction period, the soil moisture predictions of winter prediction period are not significantly influenced by precipitation. Overall, it is shown that soil moisture assimilations improve its predictions.

关键词： soil moisture Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2) prediction

小儿肺热咳喘颗粒治疗儿童流行性感冒（热毒袭肺证）多中心随机对照临床研究

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中草药 2025年第2期56卷 558-565页

作者：王雪峰王孟清庄玲伶王海彭玉张葆青吴秀清李伟伟张秀英沈红岩尹庆锋张桂菊陈竹朱万青陈词穆婧雯辽宁中医药大学附属医院湖南中医药大学第一附属医院吉林省中医药科学院第一临床医院黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院贵州中医药大学第二附属医院山东中医药大学附属医院沈阳市儿童医院广西中医药大学第一附属医院江苏法迈生医学科技有限公司辽宁中医药大学

目的评价小儿肺热咳喘颗粒治疗流行性感冒（热毒袭肺证）的疗效及其安全性。方法采用分层区组随机、阳性药平行对照、多中心临床试验设计。随机将纳入的240例受试儿童分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予小儿肺热咳喘颗粒，对照组给予磷... 详细信息

目的评价小儿肺热咳喘颗粒治疗流行性感冒（热毒袭肺证）的疗效及其安全性。方法采用分层区组随机、阳性药平行对照、多中心临床试验设计。随机将纳入的240例受试儿童分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予小儿肺热咳喘颗粒，对照组给予磷酸奥司他韦颗粒。观察两组中医证候疗效，临床痊愈时间，加拿大急性呼吸道疾病和流感量表（Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale,CARIFS）评分，完全退热时间，咳嗽、咯痰缓解时间，咳嗽、咳痰疼痛数字评价量表（NRS-11）评分，并发症、重症及危重症转化率及安全性指标。结果共240例进入全分析数据集（full analysis set,FAS），两组各120例。治疗组中医证候疗效愈显率明显优于对照组（P0.05）。两组安全性指标差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论小儿肺热咳喘颗粒可有效缓解儿童流行性感冒（热毒袭肺证）的发热、咳嗽、咯痰症状，缩短病程，临床应用安全性好。

关键词：小儿肺热咳喘颗粒儿童流行性感冒热毒袭肺证随机对照临床试验

Influence of sulfur doping on the molecular fluorophore and synergistic effect for citric acid carbon dots

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第9期30卷 534-541页

作者： Guohua Cao Zhifei Wei Yuehong Yin Lige Fu Yukun Liu Shengli Qiu baoqing zhang School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

In citric acid-based carbon dots,molecular fluorophore contributes greatly to the fluorescence *** this paper,the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots(N,S-CDs)were prepared,and an independent sulfur source is selected to achieve the doping *** influence of sulfur doping on the molecular fluorophore was systematically *** introduction of sulfur atoms may promote the formation of molecular fluorophore due to the increased nitrogen content in *** addition surface states containing sulfur were produced,and S element exists as-SO_(3),and-SO_(4)*** ratio of nitrogen and sulfur sources can improve the fluorescence *** photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQY)is increased from 56.4%of the single N-doping CDs to 63.4%of double-doping CDs,which ascribes to the synergistic effect of molecular fluorophores and surface *** sensitivity of fluorescence to pH response and various metal ions was also explored.

关键词： carbon dots citric acid sodium sulfite molecular fluorophore synergistic effect

Phosphorus release: A biogeochemical insight from a restored lakeside wetland in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期22卷 347-354页

作者： Xiaoling Zhou, baoqing Shan, Hong zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. [a] State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The heavy intensification of agriculture in East China since the 1980s caused the decrease of lake area and water storage capacity with impediment of regulation, lake eutrophication and frequent floods. Many restoration projects have been conducted. However, the knowledge of biogeochemical factors that drive nutrient cycles during the early stage of restoration is still limited. We studied the effect of the remediation of a patch of near-shore shallow wetland on the northern bank of Chaohu Lake in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, China, which was used as rice paddy for many years, on the behavior of phosphorus. Redox potential （ORP）, temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in situ from May 2006 to November 2007. Samples of soil pore water were collected during this time for the determination of different forms of iron and phosphorus. ORP showed a clear transition of the wetland soil from an oxidized state in winter to a reduced state in summer. The decrease of ORP correlated with the release of large amounts of Fe and P. The maxima of total dissolved Fe and total dissolved P in the summer of the second year were （13.8 ± 6.8） mg/L and （0.88 ± 0.27） mg/L, respectively. It is worth noticing that P concentration far exceeded the critical value of lake eutrophication （0.02 mg/L）. The pressure of P release to the adjacent lake during the first two years of wetland restoration from rice fields should be taken into account by environmental policy makers.

关键词： wetland restoration phosphorus eutrophication redox potential iron