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单目标跟踪中的视觉智能评估技术综述

中国图象图形学报 2024年第8期29卷 2269-2302页

作者：胡世宇赵鑫黄凯奇中国科学院大学人工智能学院北京100049 中国科学院自动化研究所智能系统与工程研究中心北京100190 中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心上海200031

单目标跟踪任务旨在对人类动态视觉系统进行建模,让机器在复杂环境中具备类人的运动目标跟踪能力,并已广泛应用于无人驾驶、视频监控、机器人视觉等领域。研究者从算法设计的角度开展了大量工作,并在代表性数据集中表现出良好性能。然而... 详细信息

单目标跟踪任务旨在对人类动态视觉系统进行建模,让机器在复杂环境中具备类人的运动目标跟踪能力,并已广泛应用于无人驾驶、视频监控、机器人视觉等领域。研究者从算法设计的角度开展了大量工作,并在代表性数据集中表现出良好性能。然而,在面临如目标形变、快速运动、光照变化等挑战因素时,现有算法的跟踪效果和人类预期相比还存在着较大差距,揭示了当前的评测技术发展仍存在滞后性和局限性。综上,区别于以算法设计为核心的传统综述思路,本文依托单目标跟踪任务、从视觉智能评估技术出发,对评测流程中涉及的各个关键性环节(评测任务、评测环境、待测对象和评估机制)进行系统梳理。首先,对单目标跟踪任务的发展历程和挑战因素进行介绍,并详细对比了评估所需的评测环境(数据集、竞赛等)。其次,对单目标跟踪待测对象进行介绍,不仅包含以相关滤波和孪生神经网络为代表的跟踪算法,同时也涉及跨学科领域开展的人类视觉跟踪实验。最后,从“机机对抗”和“人机对抗”两个角度对单目标跟踪评估机制进行回顾,并对当前待测对象的目标跟踪能力进行分析和总结。在此基础上,对单目标跟踪智能评估的发展趋势进行总结和展望,进一步分析未来研究中存在的挑战因素,并探讨了下一步可能的研究方向。

关键词：智能评估技术竞赛和数据集视觉跟踪能力单目标跟踪(SOT) 目标跟踪算法

DDAH1 promotes neurogenesis and neural repair in cerebral ischemia

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2097-2118页

作者： Qiming Gao Pinfei Ni Yilin Wang Peiyun Huo Xiaojie Zhang Sihan Wang Fuyao Xiao Yixuan Li Wei Feng Juntao Yuan Teng Zhang Qiang Li Boyu Fan Yuhao Kan Zhirui Li Yimiao Qi Junfei Xing Zhenghong Yang Haixiao Cheng Xinran Gao Xiaoyan Feng Ming Xue Yang Liu Yumin Luo Zhongbing Lu Yuming zhao Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute and Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China state key laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Life science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of laboratory Animal School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)-positive neurons in neural stem cell(NSC)niches can evoke adult neurogenesis(AN)and restore impaired brain function after injury,such as acute ischemic stroke(AIS).However,the relevant mechanism by which ChAT+neurons develop in NSC niches is poorly *** RNA-seq analysis revealed that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1(DDAH1),a hydrolase for asymmetric NG,NG-dimethylarginine(ADMA),regulated genes responsible for the synthesis and transportation of acetylcholine(ACh)(Chat,Slc5a7 and Slc18a3)after stroke *** dual-luciferase reporter assay further suggested that DDAH1 controlled the activity of ChAT,possibly through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α).KC7F2,an inhibitor of HIF-1α,abolished DDAH1-induced ChAT expression and suppressed *** expected,DDAH1 was clinically elevated in the blood of AIS patients and was positively correlated with AIS *** comparing the results among Ddah1 general knockout(KO)mice,transgenic(TG)mice and wild-type(WT)mice,we discovered that DDAH1 upregulated the proliferation and neural differentiation of NSCs in the subgranular zone(SGZ)under ischemic *** a result,DDAH1 may promote cognitive and motor function recovery against stroke impairment,while these neuroprotective effects are dramatically suppressed by NSC conditional knockout of Ddah1 in mice.

关键词： DDAH1 Neurogenesis Neural repair ChAT HIF-1α ACh Stroke ADMA

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社会交互情境中的主动控制感

心理科学 2024年第3期47卷 664-670页

作者：李云云顾晶金赵科傅小兰中国科学院心理研究所脑与认知科学国家重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学心理学系北京100049

主动控制感是人与环境交互过程中产生的控制自身动作并控制外界事物的体验,它既存在于个人情境中,也能产生于社会交互情境下。本文围绕社会交互情境中的主动控制感,首先依据行动主体目标、社会层级等区分了竞争、合作和层级式社会交互情... 详细信息

主动控制感是人与环境交互过程中产生的控制自身动作并控制外界事物的体验,它既存在于个人情境中,也能产生于社会交互情境下。本文围绕社会交互情境中的主动控制感,首先依据行动主体目标、社会层级等区分了竞争、合作和层级式社会交互情境,分别阐述了各种社会交互情境对主动控制感的影响,并总结了以额-顶网络为主的脑机制;随后,探讨了社会交互情境中主动控制感和责任感的关系;最后从社会交互情境之间的主动控制感比较、多人互动情境中的主动控制感以及社会交互情境影响主动控制感的神经机制等方面对未来研究进行了展望。

关键词：主动控制感社会交互情境额-顶网络责任感

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环境胁迫对人脑发育的影响及其机制

科学通报 2024年第24期69卷 3532-3546页

作者：刘芳妤赵江华王银山黄乾生中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室厦门市室内空气与健康重点实验室厦门361021 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心北京100038 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

遗传和环境因素共同调节人脑发育过程.环境包括社会环境和自然环境,对人脑发育的影响是多层次、多方面的.近年来,科学家对环境与人脑发育关系的探讨逐渐深入.社会环境中社会经济地位、社会接触和社会文化背景等对人脑发育的作用逐渐被重... 详细信息

遗传和环境因素共同调节人脑发育过程.环境包括社会环境和自然环境,对人脑发育的影响是多层次、多方面的.近年来,科学家对环境与人脑发育关系的探讨逐渐深入.社会环境中社会经济地位、社会接触和社会文化背景等对人脑发育的作用逐渐被重视;自然环境中大气颗粒物、重金属及各类新污染物等对人脑发育的胁迫也日益受到关注.社会环境和自然环境共同定义了不同地区的特征环境,故不同地区儿童脑发育所受到的环境影响有所不同.本综述归集流行病学和毒理学数据,提供不同环境因子在分子水平、器官水平以及个体水平上对人脑发育过程产生干扰的多层次证据,总结不同环境因素对人脑发育的作用机制和效应,将目光集中在环境神经科学视角下多重环境因素对人脑发育的综合影响.截至目前,相关研究大多聚焦于单一环境因素暴露对人脑发育的效应,这与现实暴露环境中多重因素复合效应有所差距.今后,需要进一步厘清人脑发育与环境间复杂的互作关系,突破多重环境胁迫对人脑发育的研究体系;在厘清单一污染物对人脑发育作用效果的前提下,利用大数据分析和叠加因子修正等方法构建综合模型,量化复杂环境体系对人脑发育的综合影响,为环保政策的制定和公共健康干预提供科学支撑.

关键词：人脑发育社会环境自然环境环境暴露作用机制

brain-like Intelligent Decision-making Based on Basal Ganglia and Its Application in Automatic Car-following

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第6期18卷 1439-1451页

作者： Tianjun Sun Zhenhai Gao Zhiyong Chang Kehan zhao state key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China College of Automotive Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China College of Materials science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China

The anthropomorphic intelligence of autonomous driving has been a research hotspot in the ***,current studies have not been able to reveal the mechanism of drivers'natural driving ***,this thesis starts from the perspective of cognitive decision-making in the human brain,which is inspired by the regulation of dopamine feedback in the basal ganglia,and a reinforcement learning model is established to solve the brain-like intelligent decision-making problems in the process of interacting with the *** this thesis,first,a detailed bionic mechanism architecture based on basal ganglia was proposed by the consideration and analysis of its feedback regulation mechanism;second,the above mechanism was transformed into a reinforcement Q-learning model,so as to implement the learning and adaptation abilities of an intelligent vehicle for brain-like intelligent decision-making during car-following;finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by the simulations and real vehicle tests.

关键词： brain-like intelligent decision-making Dopamine in basal ganglia Reinforcement learning Longitudinal autonomous driving

Acupuncture improves dendritic structure and spatial learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1390-1395页

作者： Bo-Hong Kan Jian-Chun Yu Lan zhao Jie zhao Zhen Li Yan-Rong Suo Jing-Xian Han First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China Tianjin key laboratory of Acupuncture & Moxibustion science Tian)in China Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Research Tianjin China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China

Acupuncture can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on improving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai（CV6）, Zhongwan（CV12）, Danzhong（CV17）, bilateral Zusanli（ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai（SP10） acupoints was performed once a day（1-day rest after 6-day treatment） for 14 consecutive days. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8（SAMP8） mice without acupuncture and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1（SAMR1） mice were used as normal controls. After 14 days of treatment, spatial learning and memory ability of mice was assessed in each group using the Morris water maze. Dendritic changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were analyzed by quantitative Golgi staining. Our results showed that acupuncture shortened escape latency and lengthened retention time of the former platform quadrant in SAMP8 mice. Further, SAMP8 mice exhibited a significant increase in the number of apical and basal dendritic branches and total length of apical and basal dendrites after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory ability of middle-aged SAMP8 mice by ameliorating dendritic *** can improve the cognitive state of Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Dendritic atrophy and synaptic loss in Alzheimer＇s disease brain are positively correlated with cognitive damage. Therefore, we speculated that the effect of acupuncture on im- proving cognitive function may be associated with reduced dendritic damage in the brain. Acupuncture at Qihai （CV6）, Zhongwan （CV 12）, Danzhong （CV17）, bilateral Zusanli （ST36）, and bilateral Xuehai （SP10） acupoints was performed once a day （1-day rest after 6-day treat- ment） for 14 consecutive days

关键词： nerve regeneration Alzheimer's disease senescence-accelerated prone mouse 8 acupuncture cognition dendrite hippocampal CA 1 region Morris water maze Golgi staining neural regeneration

Applications,of fluorescence lifetime imaging in clinical medicine

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2018年第1期11卷 106-122页

作者： Zhanwen Wang Yanping Zheng Deqiang zhao Ziwei zhao Lixin Liu Artem Pliss Feiqi Zhu Jun Liu Junle Qu Ping Luan Shenzhen University Health science Center Shenzhen 518060 P.R.China Department of Neurology Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515P.R.China key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060P.R.China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an 710071P.R.China Institutue for Laser Photonics and Biophotonics State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department The 3rd A±liated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518001 P.R.China Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University GuangdongP.R.China

Fluorescence lifetime is not only associated with the molecular structure f fuorophores,but alsostrongly depends on the environment around them,which llows fuorescence lifetime imagingmicroscopy(FLIM)to be used as a tool for precise measurement of the cell or tisue microenvironment,This review introduces the basic principle of fuorescence lifetime imagingtechnology and its application in clinical medicine,including research and diagnosis of diseases inskin,brain,eyes,mouth,bone,blood vessels and cavity organs,and drug *** anoninvasive,nontoxic and nonionizing radiation technique,FLIM demonstrates excellent per-formance with high sensitivity and specificity,which allows to determine precise position of thelesion and,thus,has good potential for application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.

关键词： Fluorescence lifetime fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy clinical medicine

Adult neurogenesis in the primate hippocampus

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Zoological Research 2023年第2期44卷 315-322页

作者： Ye Li Na-Na Xu zhao-Zhe Hao Sheng Liu state key laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouGuangdong 510060China Guangdong Province key laboratory of brain Function and Disease GuangzhouGuangdong 510080China

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN) is crucial for learning,memory,and *** of AHN may lead to reduced cognitive abilities and neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer’s *** studies on rodent AHN have clarified the developmental and maturation processes of adult neural stem/progenitor ***,to what extent these findings apply to primates remains *** advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled in-depth investigation of the transcriptome of AHN-related populations at single-cell ***,we summarize studies of AHN in *** suggest that neurogenesis is largely shared across species,but substantial differences also *** gene expression patterns in primates differ from those of *** with rodents,the primate hippocampus has a higher proportion of immature dentate granule cells and a longer maturation period of newly generated granule *** research on species divergence may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in primates.

关键词： Neural precursor cells Immature granule cells Sc-RNA-seq

Vernier But Not Grating Acuity Contributes to an Early Stage of Visual Word Processing

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第3期34卷 517-526页

作者： Yufei Tan Xiuhong Tong Wei Chen Xuchu Weng Sheng He Jing zhao Institutes of Psychological sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China Zhejiang key laboratory for Research in Assessment of cognitive Impairments Hangzhou 311121 China Center for Cognition and brain Disorder Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China Objects and Knowledge laboratory New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi 129188 UAE state key laboratory of brain and cognitive science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China Department of Psychology University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455 USA

The process of reading words depends heavily on efficient visual skills, including analyzing and decomposing basic visual features. Surprisingly, previous reading-related studies have almost exclusively focused on gross aspects of visual skills, while only very few have investigated the role of finer skills. The present study filled this gap and examined the relations of two finer visual skills measured by grating acuity（the ability to resolve periodic luminance variations across space） and Vernier acuity（the ability to detect/discriminate relative locations of features） to Chinese character-processing as measured by character form-matching and lexical decision tasks in skilled adult readers. The results showed that Vernier acuity was significantly correlated with performance in character form-matching but not visual symbol formmatching, while no correlation was found between grating acuity and character processing. Interestingly, we found no correlation of the two visual skills with lexical decisionperformance. These findings provide for the first time empirical evidence that the finer visual skills, particularly as reflected in Vernier acuity, may directly contribute to an early stage of hierarchical word processing.

关键词： Visual word processing Vernier acuity Grating acuity Visual skill