检索结果-南通市图书馆

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

解密稻田残留氮肥去向:作物吸收而非环境损失

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1212-1216页

作者：赵旭王盈盈蔡思源 Jagdish K.Ladha Michael J.Castellano 夏龙龙谢迎新熊正琴谷保静邢光熹颜晓元 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 211135China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmes IA 50011USA National Engineering Research Center for Wheat State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a critical contributor to global food security,covering an extensive area of 23.5 million hectares(mha)in Asia and sustaining 4.4 billion people[2].

关键词： cropping 环境损失 fertilizer

A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 490-510页

作者： Xuejun LIU Zhenling CUI Tianxiang HAO Lixing YUAN Ying ZHANG baojing gu Wen XU Hao YING Weifeng ZHANG Tingyu LI Xiaoyuan YAN Keith GOULDING David KANTER Robert HOWARTH Carly STEVENS Jagdish LADHA Qianqian LI Lei LIU Wim DE VRIES Fusuo ZHANG Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Nanjing Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK Department of Environmental Studies New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands.

Since the 1980s,the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems,induced by excess reactive N emissions.A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been *** 4R principles(right product,right amount,right time and right place)for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N *** example,site-specific N management(as part of 4R practice)reduced N fertilizer use by 32%and increased yield by 5%in ***,it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and *** paper proposes a new framework of food-chainnitrogen-management(FCNM).This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures,optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets,with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental *** could meet future challenges for food demand,resource sustainability and environmental safety,key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries.

关键词： 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management

气候和社会经济因素对全球畜禽氮排放的驱动研究

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

农业资源与环境学报 2022年第3期39卷 510-519页

作者：程露曦任琛琛张秀明谷保静浙江大学公共管理学院杭州310058 浙江大学政策仿真实验室杭州310058 墨尔本大学农业与食品学院墨尔本VIC 3010澳大利亚浙江大学环境与资源学院杭州310058

畜禽氮(N)排放是全球人为氮排放的主要来源,探究其主要影响因素对畜禽氮减排具有重要意义。本研究通过分析全球166个国家畜禽的氮排放强度和氮利用率(NUE)明确畜禽氮排放特征,并运用计量经济学方法探究气候和社会经济因素对畜禽各阶段(... 详细信息

畜禽氮(N)排放是全球人为氮排放的主要来源,探究其主要影响因素对畜禽氮减排具有重要意义。本研究通过分析全球166个国家畜禽的氮排放强度和氮利用率(NUE)明确畜禽氮排放特征,并运用计量经济学方法探究气候和社会经济因素对畜禽各阶段(包括饲料种植和畜禽养殖两个阶段)氮排放强度的影响。结果发现,当前全球全链条畜禽的总氮(活性氮,包括N_(2)O、NH_(3)、NO_(3)^(-)和NO_(x)四种氮素形式)排放量为98 Tg,总NUE(包括饲料种植和畜禽养殖两阶段的全链条NUE)为7%,其中用于饲料种植的氮排放占78%。畜禽种类和养殖方式对氮排放强度(以畜禽蛋白质质量计)影响很大,散养鸡氮排放强度最高(1.9 kg·kg^(-1)),山羊和绵羊的氮排放强度最低(0.6 kg·kg^(-1)),反刍动物主要以草和秸秆为食,饲料种植阶段氮排放较低。全球鸡的总NUE最高(9%),奶牛和奶水牛的总NUE最低(5%),单胃动物的饲料转化率较高,因而总NUE高。畜禽氮排放与人均GDP、城市化率和降雨量呈极显著的正相关关系,与温度相关性不显著。研究表明:社会经济发展提升了饲料生产阶段的氮排放强度,但降低了畜禽养殖阶段的氮排放强度并推动了畜禽养殖业的发展。目前饲料生产阶段的氮排放未与经济发展脱钩,未来通过优化畜禽饲料管理推动氮减排至关重要。

关键词：畜禽氮排放氮利用率影响因素种养结合

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

Soil-Food-Environment-Health Nexus for Sustainable Development

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1014-1017页

作者： baojing gu Deli Chen Yi Yang Peter Vitousek Yong-guan Zhu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian 361021China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Changes in soil properties and processes can influence food and environmental quality,thus,affecting human health and welfare through biogeochemical cascades among soil,food,environment,and human ***,because many soil properties change much more slowly than do management practices and pollution to soil,the legacy of past influences on soil can have long-term effects on both human health and *** is essential and urgent to manage soils for health and sustainability through building the soil-food-environment-health nexus.

关键词： soil soils Sustainable

A Credit System to Solve Agricultural Nitrogen Pollution

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Innovation 2021年第1期2卷 1-2页

作者： baojing gu Hans J.M.van Grinsven Shu KeeLam Oene Oenema Mark A.Sutton Arvin Mosier Deli Chen College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058PR China Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University310058 HangzhouChina Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency(PBL) Postbus 30314The Netherlands School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010 Australia Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands NERC Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Bush EstatePenicuikEH260QBUK

Increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer have been used in agriculture during the last decades to boost food production for the increasing global human *** marked increase in reactive nitrogen use has also contributed to severe nitrogen pollution and multiple impacts on human and ecosystems'health.1 Nitrogen is an important precursor to air pollution(e.g.,fine particulate matter,near-surface ozone),water pollution(algal blooms,nitrate contamination),biodiversity loss(nitrogen deposition and eutrophication),soil acidification(ammonium fertilizer use),and global warming(nitrous oxide).2 Agricultural nitrogen pollution has decreased in some high-income countries,such as those in the European Union(EU),during the last decades,but the remaining nitrogen pollution still causes serious *** societal cost of nitrogen pollution by agriculture in the EU has been estimated to range from V35 to V230 billion per year and this cost appears to be greater than the farm profits from nitrogen fertilizer use,which range from V20 to V80 billion per year.3 Socioeconomic trade-offs between farmers and society need to be introduced to decrease nitrogen pollution.

关键词： pollution cost income

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

氮素管理的指标

土壤学报 2017年第2期54卷 281-296页

作者：巨晓棠谷保静中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 浙江大学土地资源管理系杭州310058

用什么指标(indicators或indexes)来衡量不同尺度或生产体系氮素管理的优劣,是提高氮素管理水平的核心问题。近年来,国际上在氮素管理方面提出了许多新概念、方法和指标,以客观评价和改进氮素管理水平,为生产者和政策制定者提供评判标... 详细信息

用什么指标(indicators或indexes)来衡量不同尺度或生产体系氮素管理的优劣,是提高氮素管理水平的核心问题。近年来,国际上在氮素管理方面提出了许多新概念、方法和指标,以客观评价和改进氮素管理水平,为生产者和政策制定者提供评判标准。本文系统介绍了国际上氮素管理指标的概念、含义、计算方法及对结果的解析,包括:(1)氮素投入、收益与环境效应的关系;(2)氮素收支(budget)、氮素平衡(balance)和氮素盈余(surplus);(3)氮素利用率(Nitrogen Use Efficiency,NUE);(4)氮素利用率与氮素输入、输出及盈余的关系;(5)旱地作物收获后土体硝态氮允许残留量(Residual nitrate-N)。在此基础上,汇总了我国在不同尺度、不同土壤-作物体系氮素研究结果,初步建立了我国典型农田的氮素管理指标,为实现优良的氮素管理提供科学依据。

关键词：氮素平衡氮素盈余氮素利用率氮素管理氮素损失指标

The Warming Climate Aggravates Atmospheric NitrogenPollution in Australia

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1002-1013页

作者： Yi Sun baojing gu Hans JMvan Grinsven Stefan Reis Shu Kee Lam Xiuying Zhang Youfan Chen Feng Zhou Lin Zhang Rong Wang Deli Chen Jianming Xu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3010Australia PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency PO BOX 303142500 GH The HagueNetherlands UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Bush EstatePenicuikMidlothian EH260QBUK University of Exeter Medical School European Centre for Environment and HealthKnowledge SpaTruro TR13HDUK International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Australia is a warm country with well-developed agriculture and a highly urbanized *** these specific features impact the nitrogen cycle,emissions,and consequently affect environmental and human health is not well ***,we find that the ratio of reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses to air over losses to water in Australia is 1.6 as compared to values less than 1.1 in the USA,the European Union,and *** Nr emissions to air increased by more than 70%between 1961 and 2013,from 1.2 Tg N yr^(-1) to 2.1 Tg N yr^(-1).Previous emissions were substantially underestimated mainly due to neglecting the warming *** estimated health cost from atmospheric Nr emissions in Australia is 4.6 billion US dollars per *** of Nr to the environment are closely correlated with economic growth,and reduction of Nr losses to air is a priority for sustainable development in Australia.

关键词： China warming Australia

Human-caused increases in reactive nitrogen burial in sediment of global lakes

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Innovation 2021年第4期2卷 35-42页

作者： Mei Wang Benjamin Z.Houlton Sitong Wang Chenchen Ren Hans J.Mvan Grinsven Deli Chen Jianming Xu baojing gu School of Geographical Sciences South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Land Management Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 2500 GH The Haguethe Netherlands School of Agriculture and Food The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Human activities have increased reactive nitrogen(Nr)input to terrestrial ecosystems compared with the pre-industrial ***,the fate of such Nr input remains uncertain,leading to missing sink of the global nitrogen *** synthesizing records of Nr burial in sediments from 303 lakes worldwide,here we show that 9.6±1.1 Tg N year^(-1)(Tg=10^(12) g)accumulated in inland water sediments from 2000 to 2010,accounting for 3%-5% of global Nr input to the land from combined natural and anthropogenic *** recent Nr burial flux doubles pre-industrial estimates,and Nr burial rate significantly increases with global increases in human population and air *** ratios of C:N decrease after 1950 while N:P ratios increase over time due to increasingly elevated Nr burial and other related processes in *** findings imply that Nr burial in lakes is overlooked as an important global sink of Nr input to terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： biogeochemistry nitrogen accumulation sink eutrophication carbon

人类活动对杭州城乡复合系统陆源氮排海的驱动分析

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

环境科学学报 2010年第10期30卷 2078-2087页

作者：谷保静葛滢朱根海徐昊常杰徐青山浙江大学生命科学学院杭州310058 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所杭州310012 杭州市环境保护局杭州310003

对过去28年间(1980～2008)杭州城乡复合系统陆源氮(N)向杭州湾的排量进行了系统的估算,并分析了陆源N增加的社会经济驱动力及相应的控制对策.结果表明,杭州城乡复合系统陆源N排海量从1980年的1.1×104t增加到2008年的3.7×104t,其中,农... 详细信息

对过去28年间(1980～2008)杭州城乡复合系统陆源氮(N)向杭州湾的排量进行了系统的估算,并分析了陆源N增加的社会经济驱动力及相应的控制对策.结果表明,杭州城乡复合系统陆源N排海量从1980年的1.1×104t增加到2008年的3.7×104t,其中,农业面源污染对于N排海量的贡献在28年间一直保持在50%左右,但生活污水的点源N排放量却迅速增加,其2008年的贡献率已达到42%.目前,农田过量施肥、养殖业废水排放及与种植业的N循环脱钩、生活污水处理率低以及污水处理厂出水N浓度标准过宽等是杭州城乡复合系统陆源N排海量迅速增加的主要原因.杭州城乡复合系统陆源N排海量与GDP增长趋势之间的关系显示出污染控制技术和政策调控的功能得到了强化.杭州城乡复合系统的排N量仅占杭州湾陆源N总量的38%,杭州与周边的嘉兴、宁波、绍兴和部分上海地区在2008年共有超过10×104t的活性N排入杭州湾.通过技术革新、政策调整以及环保意识建立来对快、慢变量(相对系统动态而言,发生快速、慢速变化的因子,通常相当于直接驱动与间接驱动力)进行协调控制,是推动杭州湾区域经济环境可持续发展的关键对策.

关键词：杭州湾河流氮输出近海污染面源污染生活污水