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Effects of geosorbent and solution properties on sorption and desorption of PAHs

Acta Geochimica 2021年第2期40卷 212-224页

作者： Hui Dong baohua xiao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550018China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Characteristics of phenanthrene and pyrene’s sorption and desorption on two local soils in solutions of simulated groundwater,simulated lung fluid,and simulated saliva were studied with batch equilibrium experiments to understand the fate of PAHs in the karst region of southwestern China and to assess the environmental exposure and the health risk of PAHs.The results showed that the sorption and desorption isotherms of phenanthrene and pyrene on two target soils in the three solution systems could be adequately described by the Freundlich model,while the fitted isotherm parameters for the simulated groundwater solution distinguished notably from those for the simulated body fluid solutions.For the sorption experiments,in the simulated groundwater,the n values were 0.722 and 0.672 for phenanthrene and were 0.724 and0.663 for pyrene,respectively,on the yellow soil and the limestone soil;The log KF values were 3.118 and 3.323 for phenanthrene and were 3.648 and 3.846 for pyrene,respectively,on the yellow soil and the limestone soil.In the simulated body fluids,the n values for phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 0.622 to 0.836 and from 0.590 to0.865,respectively,and the log KF values of phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 2.845 to 3.327 and from 3.344 to3.779,respectively.For the desorption experiments,in the simulated groundwater,the n values were 0.662 and 0.744 for phenanthrene and were 0.702 and 0.647 for pyrene,respectively,on the yellow soil and the limestone soil.The log KF values were 3.666 and 3.686 for phenanthrene and were 4.128 and 4.225 for pyrene,respectively,on the yellow soil and the limestone soil.In the simulated body fluids,the n values for phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 0.612 to 0.668 and from 0.631 to 0.819,respectively,and the log KF values of phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 3.134 to 3.407 and from 3.533 to 3.839,respectively.The limestone soil had relatively higher log KF values but lower KOC values compared to those of the yellow soil,indicated that the nature of sorbent soils played

关键词： PAHs Sorption–desorption Simulated body fluids Yellow soil Limestone soil

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Interaction of Ca^(2+) and soil humic acid characterized by a joint experimental platform of potentiometric titration, UV–visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 300-311页

作者： Haiming Tang baohua xiao Peiwen xiao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081GuizhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Rocky desertification has become a major environmental issue in the karst region of southwestern China.Karst rocky desertification was more severe in regions of limestone soil than in adjacent regions of other soils,despite the relatively higher soil organic matter(SOM)content in limestone soil.The underlying mechanism remains ambiguous.We speculated that the geochemical characteristics of limestone soils in the karst region plays an essential role,especially the high calcium content of limestone soil.To test this hypothesis,we collected limestone soil samples from a limestone soil profile in the southwestern China karst region and extracted humic acid(HA)from these limestone soil samples.We investigated the interaction of Ca^(2+)and three HA samples on a joint experimental platform,which consists of an automatic potentiometric titrator,a UV–visible spectrometer,and a Fluorescence spectrometer.HA solutions were titrated by Ca^(2+)and optical spectra of the HA solutions were monitored during the titration experiments.The results indicated that:(1)the interaction of Ca^(2+)and HA is a combined process of adsorption and complexation.Adsorption dominated the overall distribution behavior of Ca^(2+),which could be fit by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.Complexation was distinguished only when the concentration of Ca2+is low;(2)the changes of UV–visible spectroscopy and excitation–emission matrix fluorescencespectroscopy spectra of HA samples when they were binding with Ca^(2+)implied the apparent molecular size and structure of HA became larger and more complex;(3)the combination of Ca^(2+)and HA plays an important role in the SOM preservation of limestone soils but the stability of the Ca–HA association was relatively weak.The present study draws attention to maintaining the relatively higher Ca^(2+)concentration in limestone soils in ecologic restoration attempts in karst regions.

关键词： Limestone soil Humic acid Calcium Interaction Titration UV–Vis EEM

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Research progress on aging of organic pollutants in geosorbents:a review

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第1期36卷 27-43页

作者： Xianjin An baohua xiao Xinyue Di Hui Dong Haiming Tang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Geosorbents are the main host of anthropogenic organic pollutants and play a vital role in their fate and transport in the natural environment.Soil and sediment are the most common and abundant geosorbents in the natural environment;their interactions with organic pollutants,especially sorption and desorption processes,have been extensively studied from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics.Recently,the aging of organic pollutants in geosorbents has drawn increased attention,leading to an improved understanding of interactions between organic pollutants and geosorbents and informing remediation criteria.Aging has been deemed important in accurately assessing ecologic and health risks of organic pollutants,and both positive and negative impacts have been reported in studies of natural and artificial sorbents.This paper summarizes recent research progress on organic pollutant aging in geosorbents,including related mechanism research,influence factors,bioavailability assessments,and biological and physicochemical remediation of aged organic pollutants.We also discuss issues in the current research and bring forward suggestions for future study.

关键词： Geosorbent 老化效果 Bioavailability 器官的污染物质 Supergene 过程

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The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第3期35卷 251-261页

作者： Xinyue Di Hui Dong Xianjin An Haiming Tang baohua xiao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter(SOM) are in?uenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction,humic acid(HA), along two soil pro?les, a yellow soil pro?le and a purplish soil pro?le, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humi?cation degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E_4/E_6 ratios of HAs along the soil pro?les indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil pro?les.A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil pro?les indicate that humi?cation processes decrease downward along both the soil pro?les. Leaching of SOM shows signi?cant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil pro?le but the purplish soil pro?le, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil pro?les are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil pro?les,however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil pro?les needs more researches.

关键词：土壤剖面腐殖酸含砂量特性土壤有机质腐殖化程度土壤质地剖面显示

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Characteristics and distributions of humic acids in two soil profiles of the southwest China Karst area

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第1期35卷 85-94页

作者： Liangang Ma baohua xiao Xinyue Di Weilin Huang Shijie Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.

关键词：西南喀斯特地区土壤剖面腐殖酸特征和石灰岩土壤石灰石土壤保护机制 SOM

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基于4D毫米波雷达点云的多目标跟踪算法

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科技资讯 2024年第1期22卷 38-42页

作者：张远肖宝华杨大林北方工业大学北京100144

目前智能空调的研究主要基于视觉或红外传感器,基于单个4D毫米波雷达的相对较少。采用单个4D毫米波雷达传感器采集数据,根据不同目标反射点位置的不同提出了密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSC... 详细信息

目前智能空调的研究主要基于视觉或红外传感器,基于单个4D毫米波雷达的相对较少。采用单个4D毫米波雷达传感器采集数据,根据不同目标反射点位置的不同提出了密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSCAN)算法实现目标的聚类识别,并与K均值(K-means)聚类算法进行了效果对比。针对多目标跟踪问题,设计了一种基于联合概率数据关联算法(Joint Probabilistic Data Association,JPDA)和卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter,KF)的目标跟踪算法,从而实现多目标的匹配和跟踪。将所研究的算法应用到4D毫米波雷达系统,并在室内采集了行人目标数据,分析对比实际场景和算法跟踪效果,误差大约在8 cm内,准确率可达91.8%。结果表明:该算法可以较好地实现多目标跟踪,可用于智能空调中。

关键词： 4D毫米波雷达聚类卡尔曼滤波数据关联多目标跟踪

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珊瑚共生体碳代谢特征研究进展

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生态学报 2024年第9期44卷 3561-3574页

作者：秦雨珂程珂珂杨波郑惠娜蔡中华肖宝华周进清华大学深圳国际研究生院深圳518131 广东海洋大学深圳研究院深圳518120

珊瑚礁作为一种典型的海洋生态系统,具有巨大的固碳和储碳潜力。然而,目前对于珊瑚礁的净碳能力(碳释放与碳吸收)仍存在争议,主要归因于珊瑚共生体碳代谢的多样性和复杂性。珊瑚礁在生物钙化、呼吸过程中向大气释放二氧化碳(CO_(2));但... 详细信息

珊瑚礁作为一种典型的海洋生态系统,具有巨大的固碳和储碳潜力。然而,目前对于珊瑚礁的净碳能力(碳释放与碳吸收)仍存在争议,主要归因于珊瑚共生体碳代谢的多样性和复杂性。珊瑚礁在生物钙化、呼吸过程中向大气释放二氧化碳(CO_(2));但在生物合成和沉积过程中却可以将碳进行固定与埋藏;为此,珊瑚礁的碳源碳汇身份还有待明确。现有部分研究表明,共生体通过碳代谢可以促进珊瑚礁吸收大气中的CO_(2)。此外,珊瑚礁和海岸带蓝碳生态系统通常表现出很强的连通性,珊瑚共生体碳代谢能有效提高海岸带盐沼植被、海草床、海洋浮游植物等生物的碳汇功能。为了加深对珊瑚礁碳源-碳汇功能的理解,综述了珊瑚共生体的碳代谢特征,梳理了共生体中碳的关键生态过程(有机碳的迁移、无机碳的转化、两者的赋存状态),总结了细菌-虫黄藻-病毒在共生体碳代谢中的作用,评述了珊瑚礁碳源-碳汇特征及影响因子。旨在阐明珊瑚共生体碳代谢的关键过程,并基于此寻求有效的珊瑚礁碳增汇技术,形成以碳增量为主的珊瑚保护与修复技术,提升珊瑚礁在蓝碳生态系统中的贡献。

关键词：珊瑚礁碳代谢细菌-虫黄藻-病毒珊瑚礁碳增汇技术

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微电流对大鹏湾造礁石珊瑚种苗存活率及生长状况的影响

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广西科学 2024年第2期31卷 248-257页

作者：张树乐杨小东朱鸣陈伯贵谢子强郑惠娜肖宝华广东海洋大学水产学院广东湛江524088 广东海洋大学深圳研究院广东深圳518108 深圳市碧海蓝天海洋科技有限公司广东深圳518108

为研究造礁石珊瑚种苗在微电流作用下的存活和生长状况,以深圳市大鹏半岛大鹏湾霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pruinosa)、澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)、盾形陀螺珊瑚(Turbinaria peltata)、十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)、膨胀蔷薇珊瑚(Montipo... 详细信息

为研究造礁石珊瑚种苗在微电流作用下的存活和生长状况,以深圳市大鹏半岛大鹏湾霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pruinosa)、澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)、盾形陀螺珊瑚(Turbinaria peltata)、十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)、膨胀蔷薇珊瑚(Montipora turgescens)为研究对象,在300 d的实验周期内,将电压为6、12、18 V的微电流分别作用于造礁石珊瑚种苗,分析比较不同电压微电流作用下各种造礁石珊瑚种苗的存活率及生长情况。在实验期间海水中pH值、溶解氧和营养盐的变化范围不大,微电流作用后,珊瑚脱落率由3.33%-6.67%降低到0.00%-5.00%,其中澄黄滨珊瑚6、12 V电压实验组的珊瑚脱落率降至0;珊瑚种苗存活率由91.67%-93.33%提升到93.33%-98.33%。不同种类的造礁石珊瑚生长率和生长速度受微电流促进效果不同,霜鹿角珊瑚的生长率最高,十字牡丹珊瑚的生长率最低;当电压为12 V时,微电流对霜鹿角珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、膨胀蔷薇珊瑚、盾形陀螺珊瑚的存活状况和生长速度影响效果最佳。微电流通过促进造礁石珊瑚组织的延伸,降低了造礁石珊瑚种苗培育过程中的脱落率,并提高了造礁石珊瑚种苗的存活率和生长速度。

关键词：微电流造礁石珊瑚种苗存活生长

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电动修复技术去除土壤重金属污染研究进展

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地球与环境 2022年第5期50卷 776-786页

作者：赵鹏肖保华中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 中国科学院大学北京100049

电动修复技术可能是唯一可行的低渗透性污染土壤原位修复方法,受到广泛关注。本文尝试总结论述了电动修复技术去除土壤重金属污染的相关研究进展,介绍了电动修复技术的基本原理及局限性,探讨比较各种强化电动修复技术的方法,包括电极接... 详细信息

电动修复技术可能是唯一可行的低渗透性污染土壤原位修复方法,受到广泛关注。本文尝试总结论述了电动修复技术去除土壤重金属污染的相关研究进展,介绍了电动修复技术的基本原理及局限性,探讨比较各种强化电动修复技术的方法,包括电极接近法、交换电极法、离子交换膜、电场强化法(垂直电场、交流电场、脉冲电场)、试剂强化法(pH调节、螯合剂、表面活性剂),重点阐述目前新的螯合剂和表面活性剂的开发研究状况,以及电动修复目前主要的联用技术类型(电动-淋洗、电动-植物、电动-微生物、电动-可渗透反应墙)。此外,简要论述了电动修复对变价金属(Hg、Cr、As)的修复效果。最后在回顾总结该技术研究的基础上,对电动修复技术在去除土壤重金属污染的发展方向进行展望。

关键词：土壤重金属污染电动修复技术强化方法联用技术变价金属

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Mirror symmetry for special nilpotent orbit closures In Memory of Professor Gang xiao

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： baohua Fu Yongbin Ruan Yaoxiong Wen AMSS HLM and MCM Chinese Academy of Sciences Korea Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Zhejiang University School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Motivated by geometric Langlands, we initiate a program to study the mirror symmetry between nilpotent orbit closures of a semisimple Lie algebra and those of its Langlands dual. The most interesting case is Bn via Cn. Classically, there is a famous Springer duality between special orbits. Therefore, it is natural to speculate that the mirror symmetry we seek may coincide with Springer duality in the context of special orbits.Unfortunately, such a naive statement fails. To remedy the situation, we propose a conjecture which asserts the mirror symmetry for certain parabolic/induced covers of special orbits. Then, we prove the conjecture for Richardson orbits and obtain certain partial results in general. In the process, we reveal some very interesting and yet subtle structures of these finite covers, which are related to Lusztig’s canonical quotients of special nilpotent orbits. For example, there is a mysterious asymmetry in the footprint or range of degrees of these finite covers. Finally, we provide two examples to show that the mirror symmetry fails outside the footprint.

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