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Galactagogue Effect of <i>Euphorbia hirta</i>(Euphorbiaceae) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Milk Production in Female Wistar Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第9期7卷 51-65页

作者： Buno Koffi Koko André Brou Konan Flora Kouamé Amoin Kouacou Jules Marius Kacou Djétouan augustin Kouao Amonkan Laboratoire de Nutrition et Pharmacologie UFR-Biosciences Université Félix HOUPHOU&Euml T-BOIGNY Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Background: Populations of Gontougo (C?te d’Ivoire) commonly used Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) leaves as galactagogue to boost milk production in lactating women. Our study was carried to verify this traditional belief via evaluations of milk production, serum prolactin levels, body weight and mammary lobuloalveolar proliferation induced by the aqueous leaf extract of this medicinal plant in Wistar rats. Methods: 6 groups of 6 virgin rats and 6 groups of 6 lactating rats were used. Each lactating rat was isolated with its six pups. These groups of animals were treated orally with distilled water, Metoclopramide (Metocl 5 mg/kg) and E. hirta aqueous leaf extract (EHae 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) daily during 17 days of lactation. The indirect method which assimilates the weight gain of untreated pups to the quantity of milk produced by lactating rats was used. At the end of the treatment, histological sections of the abdominal mammary glands of lactating rats were observed. Results: EHae administration induced an increase of milk production in lactating rats. This action of EHae was stronger at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Milk production of the treated rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg was 118.14 ± 1 g. The quantity of milk produced by the control female rats was 83.83 ± 0.88 g. Compared with the control, EHae 200 mg/kg significantly increased milk production (40.92%) (P Conclusion: EHae showed a galactagogue activity illustrated by increases of milk production, PRL secretions and the development of the lobuloalveolar system of the mammary glands in treated female rats. This galactagogue property could partly justify the traditional use of this plant to boost milk production in lactating women.

关键词： Euphorbia hirta Metoclopramide Galactagogue Effect Prolactin Milk Production

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Nutritional and Sanitary Quality of Infant Flours Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 727-743页

作者： Léa Kilô Adam Bayala-Yaï Philippe augustin Nikièma Hassane Sangaré Fabrice Bationo Imael Henri Nestor Bassolé Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire et de Gntique (LABIOGENE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et Surveillance des Agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Physicochimie du Dpartement de Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The quality of infant flours used during the weaning age is of great importance in that it conditions the nutritional health of infants and young children. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and sanitary quality of infant flours produced in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study including 11 out of 25 infant flour production units that gave their consent to partake in the study. In total, 25 infant flour samples have been collected from July to September 2021. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined according to standard methods. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the physico-chemical and the means of the microbiological parameters respectively. The results showed that 60% of proteins and 80% of lipid and total carbohydrate contents were below the authorised limits. The energy values were below the authorised limit in 88% of the cases. All instant infant flours had microbiological loads compliant with Burkinabè standards. As for infant flour to be cooked, 63.64% and 81.82% had satisfactory numbers of total coliforms and faecal coliforms respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected in these samples with 86.36% of infant formulae having results below the recommended limit. These results show that the infant flours produced in Ouagadougou were somehow of acceptable quality. However, there is a need to improve the formulae for macronutrient contents, energy values and sanitary quality to comply with the recommendations.

关键词： Nutritional and Sanitary Quality Infant Flours Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Study of the Frequency of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the Emergency Units of Two Hospitals in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2021年第3期11卷 123-139页

作者： Pêngd-Wendé Habib Boussé Traore Jean augustin Diegane Tine Oumar Bassoum Cheikh Tidiane Mbow Ababacar Diop Abdoul Kane Adama Faye Institute of Health and Development Public Health Service Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department H&ocirc pital Dalal Jamm Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Emergency Unit H&ocirc pital Principal de Dakar Dakar Senegal Emergency Unit H&ocirc pital de Pikine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the deadliest pathology in the world with 31% of global mortality in 2018. This is how we felt it necessary to conduct a study on cardiovascular diseases in emergency units of Senegal, more precisely in Dakar, in order to know epidemiological profile of these patients. Methods: The study setting was the reception and emergency units of the Hôpital de Pikine and Hôpital Principal de Dakar. This was an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim to search for factors associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The study ran from January 25th to February 5th, 2018 at the Hôpital de Pikine and from February 25th to March 5th, 2018 at Hôpital Principal de Dakar. The source population consisted of patients over 18 years of age and not in a state of pregnancy, who were been received there and had given their free and informed consent to participate in the survey. A representative sample had drawn and a consecutive recruitment of eligible patients were been carried out. The data collection tools were been based on the WHO STEPwise survey questionnaire. Data collection was been carried out in accordance with ethical rules. Results: The study involved 615 patients. The proportions of sedentary lifestyle, low daily consumption of fruits/vegetables, overweight and obesity were 72.4%, 96.4%, 22.7% and 17.3% respectively. This was 55.5% of women who had a waist circumference that corresponded to a high risk of a cardiovascular event and 10.2% for men. 38.9% of patients had blood pressure above 140/90mmhg and 32.2% said they had never controlled their blood pressure in their life. The use of a consultation in a health structure to control his blood pressure was by far the most frequent modality with 61.4%. The proportion of people with cardiovascular disease was 50.1%. Hypertensive flare-ups/hypertensive emergencies were the leading complica

关键词： Risk Factors Cardiovascular Diseases Emergency Units Senegal

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Associated Factors with the Child’s Fully Immunized in the Tambacounda Health District (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第2期10卷 167-178页

作者： Khadim Niang Tidiane Gadiaga Jean augustin Tine Omar Bassoum Fatou Bintou Diongue Amadou Ibra Diallo Adama Faye Ndiaye Papa Public Health Department Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal. Medical Officer of Tambacounda health district Tambacounda Region Senegal Institut de Santé et Développement Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

To improve vaccination coverage among children under one year of age in the Tambacounda health district, a household survey was carried out among mothers or babysitters. The objective was to study the factors related to child’s fully immunized in children aged 12 to 23 months. The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey was carried out during the month of April 2019. A multistage cluster survey selected a sample of 657 mothers and babysitters. The data was collected using a questionnaire made from the World Health Organization reference guide. Data entry and analysis were done with Epi Info software and R. Among the women surveyed, biological mothers were the most representative (96.9%). In the series, 74.1% had a good knowledge of the age for initiating vaccination, 78.2% knew the number of contacts. The vaccination record of the children was available in 92.2%, and 71.0% of them had presented an adverse event. The proportion of children fully immunized was 41.0%. Complete childhood vaccination was positively associated with income-generating activity in women (0R = 2.4) and the short distance (<100 m) between home and place of vaccination (OR = 1.5). It was also improved by having a qualified health worker as a vaccinator (OR = 1.4) satisfaction in relation to visit (OR = 2.0), the advice given by the vaccinator (OR = 1.7) and the fixing of the date of the next vaccination appointment (OR = 2.5). The implementation of a good strategy for improving the quality of immunization services is an important element for strengthening immunization coverage in the Tambacounda health district.

关键词： Vaccination Child Health Immunization Coverage Senegal

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Mobility of Major and Trace Elements during the Bauxitization Processes in Ngaoundal Area (Adamawa Cameroon): Implication on Mining Perspectives

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 81-100页

作者： André Sini Harouna Boukari Ondoa augustin Désiré Balla Djetenbe Beral Salomon Wangmené Awé Simon Djakba Basga Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering and Environment School of Mining Industry and Geology University of Abdou-Moumouni Niamey Niger Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering Saint Jerome Polytechnic Saint Jerome Catholic University Institute of Douala Douala Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua Cameroon

This study was focused to assess major and trace elements in bauxitic duricrusts from Ngaoundal and its surroundings in order to establish their mining interest. To this end, fieldworks, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were carried out. Four facies of duricrust were identified and characterized from the summit to the top of the slope of the Ngaoundal mountain: scoriaceous, pisolitic, nodular and massive. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses performed on 16 samples, revealed a significant concentration of Al2O3 mainly in the scoriaceous facies (over 45% in grade), moderate in Fe2O3 (averaging 23.69%) and SiO2 (averaging 21.7%). Trace elements were generally low, excluding Cr (421 ppm on average), Zr (327 ppm on average and V (213 ppm on average). In addition, the limited quantities of alkalis (Na2O, K2O) and alkaline earths metals (MgO, CaO) coupled with the very high values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Mineralogical Index of Alteration (MIA), (more than 99%) attest to the intense weathering of the studied materials. Allitization and monosiallitization constituted the crystallochemical phenomena that have led to the development of bauxitic minerals. More than 90% of gibbsite in scoriaceous facies, 52.21% - 76.01% of kaolinite in pisolitic facies and more than 40% of hematite in nodular facies were quantified. The relationships between the constitutive components indicated their interdependency during the bauxitization phenomenon. The mineralogical and geochemical properties highlighted the mining interest of the studied duricrusts to be valorized.

关键词： Duricrust Bauxitization Phenomenon Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization Major and Trace Elements Mining Potential

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Prevalence and Pattern Occurrence of Supernumerary Teeth in the North-East Heilongjiang Population of China

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2016年第2期6卷 47-53页

作者： Nyimi Bushabu Fidele Sekele Isouradi Bourley Em Kalala Kazadi Mantshumba Milolo augustin Rubina Suwal Muyembi Muinamiyi Duan Feng Guan Jian Unit I Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University Jiamusi China Prosthodontics and Orthodontics Service Affiliated Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa DR. Congo Unit of Periodontics Stomatology and Maxillofacial Service Affiliated Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa DR. Congo Unit of Oral Surgery Stomatology and Maxillofacial Service Affiliated Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa DR. Congo

Aims: The objective of the current research was to determine the prevalence of supernumerary teeth and investigate its characteristic and complications in the Chinese population from the North-East Heilongjiang region. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive and retrospective study which used registered notes and panoramic radiographs of 12,984 patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, China between June 2011 to November 2015. Patients diagnosed with any syndrome or hereditary diseases were excluded from the study. The features of supernumerary teeth were noted and the data were analyzed using SPSS program, (version 20, Inc., Chicago, USA). The Chi-square test was used to determine the differences in the distribution of supernumerary teeth. It was tested at the 5% level of significance. Results: The prevalence was 5.2% and the most prevalent supernumerary teeth was incisor with 3.39% (n = 441). The supernumerary teeth were seen more in maxilla than mandible. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. Specifically, higher prevalence of supernumerary teeth in male gender was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The supernumerary teeth mostly occurred in children of 5 - 10 years (62.3%), followed by young adolescent between 11 - 16 years (26.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was widely seen in children and young adolescent of Chinese population. The occurrence was mostly seen in maxilla than mandible and significantly higher in male than female.

关键词： Prevalence Occurrence Supernumerary Teeth Features

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佛陀、天神或信徒:底特律艺术学院所藏响堂山雕塑

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美成在久 2014年第1期 64-69页

作者： Denise Patry Leidy Birgitta augustin 许冰彬美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部美国底特律艺术学院亚洲及伊斯兰艺术部不详

在美国底特律艺术学院收藏的佛教文物中,有一尊来自河北南部古邺都(今邯郸)附近响堂山之南响堂石窟的石灰岩雕塑。这尊雕塑刻画的是一位双手合十向佛陀致敬的侍者形象[图一],很明显是北齐(公元五五○～五七七年)

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Study of Factors Associated with the Age of Natural Menopause in Menopausal Women Aged 30 to 80 Years from the Keur Massar Health District in 2015 (Senegal)

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Health 2020年第10期12卷 1333-1344页

作者： Fatoumata Binetou Diongue Adama Faye Khadim Niang Jean augustin Diégane Tine Amadou Ibra Diallo Rodrigue Magloire Eyema Anta Tal-Dia Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Menopause is a biological phenomenon that occurs at a more or less early or late age in the life of every woman. The general objective is to study the factors associated with the age of natural menopause in menopausal women aged between 30 and 80 years who have gone through down Keur Massar health district in 2015. Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in Keur Massar health district from December 1st to 10th, 2015. Two-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Data were collected during an individual interview at home after consent. They covered socio-economic conditions, health and nutrition status, gynecological-obstetrical history, and lifestyle. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model with a 5% risk of alpha error. Results: A total of 627 postmenopausal women were surveyed. Mean age of these women was 54.5 years (±8.6 years). A proportion of 72.1% of the women was married and 46.7% was in school. Mean age of natural menopause was 47.1 years (±5.03 years). The median age of natural menopause was 47 years. Factors associated with the age of natural menopause were high parity of more than 4 children (Hra = 0.35 [0.13 - 0.92]), the existence of frequent childhood illnesses (Hra = 1.72 [1.13 - 2.64]), use of the intra-uterine device—IUD—as a modern contraceptive method (HRa = 0.39 [0.24 - 0.63]), sibling size (HRa = 0.85 [0.78 - 0.93]), family size (HRa = 1.03 [1.01 - 1.06]), and polygamy regime (HRa = 0.56 [0.37 - 0.85]). Conclusion: Many factors in childhood as well as during the period of female genital activity can impact the age of natural menopause. It is then important to improve the health status of women, children and the standard of living of the population.

关键词： Age Menopause Associated Factors Survival Senegal

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Longitudinal Variability of the Vertical Drift Velocity Inferred from Ground-Based Magnetometers and C/NOFS Observations in Africa

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第8期13卷 657-680页

作者： Messanga Etoundi Honoré Paul Obiakara Amaechi augustin Daïka Diaby Kassamba Abdel Aziz Mohamed Kaab César Biouele Mbané Zouhair Benkhaldoun Department of Geomatics Higher Technical Teacher Training College of Ebolowa University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Applied Biotechnology and Engineering Laboratory Higher Technical Teacher Training College of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Laboratory of Earth’s Atmosphere Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Cardiff School of Education & Social Policy Cardiff Metropolitan University Cyncoed Campus Cardiff UK Department of Meteorology and Climatology National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère UFR-SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Oukaimeden Observatory LPHEA FSSM Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morrocco National School of Applied Sciences of Beni Mellal Sultan Moulay Sliman University Beni Mellal Morocco

This study aims at discussing longitudinal effects on the variability of the vertical E × B drift velocity at low latitudes, specifically over African sector. To this effect, observations from ground-based magnetometers and the Ion Velocity Meter experiment onboard C/NOFS satellite are analyzed in conjunction with equatorial electric field and neutral wind model estimates under geomagnetically quiet conditions in the years 2012-2013. Notwithstanding the limitation in data over Africa, the combination of ground-based and in-situ observations confirmed the existence of longitudinal differences in the E × B between the Atlantic, Western and Eastern African sectors. This was well reproduced by the equatorial electric field model (EEFM) which showed that during noon, the peak of the equatorial electric field (EEF) was the lowest in the Atlantic sector, with an increasing trend towards the Eastern longitude. The Horizontal Wind Model 14 (HWM14) showed that the eastward zonal (poleward meridional) wind velocity was the lowest (highest) in the Eastern sector. Furthermore, the zonal (meridional) wind increased (decreased) from the Eastern to the Atlantic sector. These results highlight the contribution of the neutral wind velocity in driving the longitudinal difference in the vertical drift velocity over Africa.

关键词： Equatorial Electrojet Vertical Drift Velocity (E × B) Longitudinal Variability African Sector

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Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding Knowledge and Practices in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 175-199页

作者： Alain Hien Jérome W. Somé Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda augustin N. Zeba Isidore Traoré Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention aiming to improve the knowledge and practices of under 5 years children’s mothers on infant and young child feeding in peri urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were surveyed before and after the intervention using the FAO questionnaire for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge and practices assessment in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on mothers’ infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of the mothers were between 20 and 29 years old. All indicators used to assess the mothers’ knowledge of breastfeeding and complementary feeding significantly improved after the intervention (all p-values < 0.05). In terms of child feeding practices, half of the indicators (early breastfeeding initiation, age of complementary feeding initiation, and minimum meal frequency) significantly increased (all p = 0.001) while two indicators (minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet) did not change (p = 0.06 and 0.67) after the intervention. Finally, continued breastfeeding, significantly declined after the intervention (73.3% vs 86.0% p = 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention improved the mothers’ knowledge on breastfeeding and complementary feeding and some child feeding practices. This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention to increase maternal knowledge and practices.

关键词： Nutrition Intervention Mothers’ Nutrition Knowledge Child Feeding Practices

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