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Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 344-361页

作者： Wenchao Liu Huimei Liu Yaoyao Wang Zhongxiang Zhao Balamuralikrishnan balasubramanian Rajesh Jha Department of Animal Science College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088People’s Republic of China Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Life ScienceSejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Global warming leading to heat stress(HS)is becoming a major challenge for broiler production.This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed(Enteromorpha prolifera)polysaccharides(EPS)on the intestinal barrier function,microbial ecology,and performance of broilers under HS.A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers(male,56 days old)with 682.59±7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups:1)TN(thermal neutral zone,23.6±1.8℃),2)HS(heat stress,33.2±1.5℃ for 10 h/d),and 3)HSE(HS+0.1%EPS).Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate.The study was conducted for 4 weeks;feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4.At the end of the feeding trial,small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology,antioxidant,secretory immunoglobulin A(s Ig A)content,apoptosis,gene and protein expression analysis;cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S r DNA sequencing.Results Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain(ADG)of broilers during 3–4 weeks of HS(P<0.05).At the end of HS on broilers,the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),glutathione S-transferase(GST),and the content of s Ig A in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation(P<0.05).Besides,dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers(P<0.05).Addition of EPS in HS group broilers'diet upregulated the relative m RNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum(P<0.05),whereas downregulated the relative m RNA expression of NF-κB p65,TNF-αand IL-1βof the jejunum(P<0.05).Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1,whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK(P<0.01)and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α(P=0.094)in heat-stressed broilers.Furthermore,the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with j

关键词： Broilers Cecal microbiota Heat stress Intestinal barrier function Seaweed polysaccharides

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Biochar amendments and its impact on soil biota for sustainable agriculture

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Biochar 2020年第3期2卷 287-305页

作者： Abhijeet Pathy Jyotiprakash Ray balasubramanian paramasivan Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Group Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology RourkelaOdisha 769008India

Beneficial microbes in soil biota are known to enhance plant growth by stimulating the nutrient supply and by devising certain mechanisms to cope up with the biotic(diseases)or abiotic(salinity,drought,and pollution)stresses.Owing to their effectiveness and sustainability concerns,the application of microbes in the agricultural sector has seen a positive surge recently.Biochar has been commended as an exemplary carrier material for beneficial microbes in the soil ecosystem.Biochar is generally produced from the waste biomasses,which not only resolve the management crisis of agricultural wastes but also render many benefits such as enhancement of soil properties,alteration of nutritional dynamics,removal of pollutants,and in the stimulation of beneficial microbial diversity in soil.The strategic application of biochar in agricultural land could help provide agronomic,economic,and environmental benefits.Since certain risks are associated with the application of biochar,attention needs to be paid while preferring for soil amendments.This present review focused on highlighting the role of microbes in plant growth.The influence of biochar on soil biota along with its detailed mechanisms was discussed further to delineate the scope of biochar in soil amendments.Further,the risks associated with the biochar amendments and the future perspectives in this research arena were highlighted.

关键词： Biochar Sustainable agriculture Soil biota Microbes Plant growth Microbial interaction

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A Novel Eccentric Intrusion Detection Model Based on Recurrent Neural Networks with Leveraging LSTM

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3089-3127页

作者： Navaneetha Krishnan Muthunambu Senthil Prabakaran balasubramanian Prabhu Kavin Kishore Senthil Siruvangur Kavitha Chinnadurai Jehad Ali Department of Computer Applications Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India Department of Data Science and Business Systems College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyJeppiaar NagarRajiv Gandhi SalaiChennai600119India Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Korea

The extensive utilization of the Internet in everyday life can be attributed to the substantial accessibility of online services and the growing significance of the data transmitted via the Internet.Regrettably,this development has expanded the potential targets that hackers might exploit.Without adequate safeguards,data transmitted on the internet is significantly more susceptible to unauthorized access,theft,or alteration.The identification of unauthorised access attempts is a critical component of cybersecurity as it aids in the detection and prevention of malicious attacks.This research paper introduces a novel intrusion detection framework that utilizes Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN)integrated with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)units.The proposed model can identify various types of cyberattacks,including conventional and distinctive forms.Recurrent networks,a specific kind of feedforward neural networks,possess an intrinsic memory component.Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)incorporating Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)mechanisms have demonstrated greater capabilities in retaining and utilizing data dependencies over extended periods.Metrics such as data types,training duration,accuracy,number of false positives,and number of false negatives are among the parameters employed to assess the effectiveness of these models in identifying both common and unusual cyberattacks.RNNs are utilised in conjunction with LSTM to support human analysts in identifying possible intrusion events,hence enhancing their decision-making capabilities.A potential solution to address the limitations of Shallow learning is the introduction of the Eccentric Intrusion Detection Model.This model utilises Recurrent Neural Networks,specifically exploiting LSTM techniques.The proposed model achieves detection accuracy(99.5%),generalisation(99%),and false-positive rate(0.72%),the parameters findings reveal that it is superior to state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Cybersecurity intrusion detection machine learning leveraging long short-term memory(LLSTM) CICIDS2019 dataset innovative cyberattacks

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Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi Kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz Edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh University Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of Technology

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical milling. The presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy composition. Predictions from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic structure. This transformation, characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder, lattice expansion, and the presence of nanograin boundaries, signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic structure. Additionally, this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational entropy. The atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

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Nanozymes in Point-of-Care Diagnosis:An Emerging Futuristic Approach for Biosensing

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 44-94页

作者： Bhaskar Das Javier Lou Franco Natasha Logan paramasivan balasubramanian Moon Il Kim Cuong Cao School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia Department of BioNano Technology Gachon UniversitySeongnamKorea

Nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes(or nanozymes) have attracted great attention in the past few years owing to their capability not only to mimic functionality but also to overcome the inherent drawbacks of the natural enzymes.Numerous advantages of nanozymes such as diverse enzyme-mimicking activities,low cost,high stability,robustness,unique surface chemistry,and ease of surface tunability and biocompatibility have allowed their integration in a wide range of biosensing applications. Several metal,metal oxide,metal–organic framework-based nanozymes have been exploited for the development of biosensing systems,which present the potential for point-of-care analysis. To highlight recent progress in the field,in this review,more than 260 research articles are discussed systematically with suitable recent examples,elucidating the role of nanozymes to reinforce,miniaturize,and improve the performance of point-of-care diagnostics addressing the ASSURED(a ordable,sensitive,specific,user-friendly,rapid and robust,equipment-free and deliverable to the end user) criteria formulated by World Health Organization. The review reveals that many biosensing strategies such as electrochemical,colorimetric,fluorescent,and immunological sensors required to achieve the ASSURED standards can be implemented by using enzyme-mimicking activities of nanomaterials as signal producing components. However,basic system functionality is still lacking. Since the enzyme-mimicking properties of the nanomaterials are dictated by their size,shape,composition,surface charge,surface chemistry as well as external parameters such as pH or temperature,these factors play a crucial role in the design and function of nanozyme-based point-of-care diagnostics. Therefore,it requires a deliberate exertion to integrate various parameters for truly ASSURED solutions to be realized. This review also discusses possible limitations and research gaps to provide readers a brief scenario of the emerging role of nanozymes in state-of-the-art POC diagnosis system de

关键词： Nanozymes Biosensing Point-of-care diagnosis ASSURED diagnostics Catalytic nanomaterials

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Spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover changes and land surface temperature using Landsat and MODIS data across the coastal Kanyakumari district, India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： S.Chrisben Sam Gurugnanam balasubramanian Centre for Applied Geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

This study assesses the changes in land use/land cover(LULC) and land surface temperature(LST) to identify their impacts from 2000 to 2020 along the coast of Kanyakumari district, India using remote sensing techniques. Landsat images are used to estimate the LULC changes and the MODIS data for LST.The Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) method is used, and the LULC is classified into six categories: Agriculture Land, Barren Land, Salt Pan, Sandy Beach, Settlement, and Waterbody. Within the two decades of the present change detection study, upheave in the Settlement area of 49.89% is noticed, and the Agriculture Land is exploited by 20.09%. Salt Pan emits a high LST of 31.57°C, and the Waterbodies are noticed with a low LST of 28.9°C. However, the overall rate of LST decreased by 0.56°C during this period. This study will help policymakers make appropriate planning and management to overcome the impact of LULC and LST in the forthcoming years.

关键词： Land use/land cover Land surface temperature Landsat MODIS and remote sensing

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Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride contamination in the groundwater of Noyyal basin,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 619-631页

作者： Karung Phaisonreng Kom balasubramanian Gurugnanam Swaminathan Bairavi Centre for Applied Geology Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be UniversityGandhigramDindigul 624302Tamil NaduIndia

The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,India.Sodium and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,respectively.The nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking water.The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water.Correlation plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively correlated.Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated region.The Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater chemistry.Using the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for adults.Furthermore,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,respectively.Thus,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than adults.The THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.

关键词： Nitrate Fluoride Non-carcinogenic Hazard quotient Total hazard index Noyyal basin

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Fault Recognition of Multilevel Inverter Using Artificial Neural Network Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1331-1347页

作者： Aravind Athimoolam Karthik balasubramanian Research Scholar Faculty of Electrical EngineeringAnna UniversityChennai600025India Associate Professor Department of EEESona College of TechnologySalem636005India

This paper focuses on the development of a diagnostic tool for detect-ing insulated gate bipolar transistor power electronic switchﬂaws caused by both open and short circuit faults in multi-level inverter time-frequency output voltage speciﬁcations.High-resolution laboratory virtual instrument engineering work-bench software testing tool with a sample rate data collection system,as well as specialized signal processing and soft computing technologies,are used in this proposed method.On a single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter,simu-lation and experimental investigations of both open and short issues of the insu-lated gate bipolar transistor components are performed out.In all conceivable switch issues,the output voltage signals are evaluated for different modulation index values.Fast fourier transform and discrete wavelet transform methods are used to investigate the frequency domain properties of output voltage signals.In the artiﬁcial neural network,the back propagation training technique was employed,and the generated neural parameter values were used in the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench real-time fault diagnosis model.

关键词： Back propagation learning DWT cascaded H-bridge MLI FFT sinusoidal PWM THD

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Leveraging Readability and Sentiment in Spam Review Filtering Using Transformer Models

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1439-1454页

作者： Sujithra Kanmani Surendiran balasubramanian Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology PuducherryKaraikalIndia

Online reviews significantly influence decision-making in many aspects of society.The integrity of internet evaluations is crucial for both consumers and vendors.This concern necessitates the development of effective fake review detection techniques.The goal of this study is to identify fraudulent text reviews.A comparison is made on shill reviews vs.genuine reviews over sentiment and readability features using semi-supervised language processing methods with a labeled and balanced Deceptive Opinion dataset.We analyze textual features accessible in internet reviews by merging sentiment mining approaches with readability.Overall,the research improves fake review screening by using various transformer models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT),Robustly Optimized BERT(Roberta),XLNET(Transformer-XL)and XLM-Roberta(Cross-lingual Language model–Roberta).This proposed research extracts and classifies features from product reviews to increase the effectiveness of review filtering.As evidenced by the investigation,the application of transformer models improves the performance of spam review filtering when related to existing machine learning and deep learning models.

关键词： Fraudulent sentiment readability BERT XLNET roberta XLMroberta

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A new mixed agent-based network and compartmental simulation framework for joint modeling of related infectious diseases-application to sexually transmitted infections

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 84-100页

作者： Chaitra Gopalappa Hari balasubramanian Peter J.Haas University of Massachusetts Amherst 160 Governors DriveAmherstMA01003USA

Background:A model that jointly simulates infectious diseases with common modes of transmission can serve as a decision-analytic tool to identify optimal intervention combinations for overall disease prevention.In the United States,sexually transmitted infections(STIs)are a huge economic burden,with a large fraction of the burden attributed to HIV.Data also show interactions between HIV and other sexually transmitted infections(STIs),such as higher risk of acquisition and progression of co-infections among persons with HIV compared to persons without.However,given the wide range in prevalence and incidence burdens of STIs,current compartmental or agent-based network simulation methods alone are insufficient or computationally burdensome for joint disease modeling.Further,causal factors for higher risk of coinfection could be both behavioral(i.e.,compounding effects of individual behaviors,network structures,and care behaviors)and biological(i.e.,presence of one disease can biologically increase the risk of another).However,the data on the fraction attributed to each are limited.Methods:We present a new mixed agent-based compartmental(MAC)framework for jointly modeling STIs.It uses a combination of a new agent-based evolving network modeling(ABENM)technique for lower-prevalence diseases and compartmental modeling for higher-prevalence diseases.As a demonstration,we applied MAC to simulate lower-prevalence HIV in the United States and a higher-prevalence hypothetical Disease 2,using a range of transmission and progression rates to generate burdens replicative of the wide range of STIs.We simulated sexual transmissions among heterosexual males,heterosexual females,and men who have sex with men(men only and men and women).Setting the biological risk of co-infection to zero,we conducted numerical analyses to evaluate the influence of behavioral factors alone on disease dynamics.Results:The contribution of behavioral factors to risk of coinfection was sensitive to disease burden,care access,and population heterogeneity

关键词： Joint-modeling diseases Multi-disease modeling Simulation modeling HIV and STIs Diseases and social determinants SDOH

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