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Aerobic dechlorination of cis- and trans-dichloroethenes by some indigenous bacteria isolated from contaminated sites in Africa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第6期16卷 968-972页

作者： Ademola O. Olaniran Dorsamy pillay balakrishna pillay Department of Microbiology University of Durban-Westville P. Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife NigeriaDepartment of Biotechnology Durban Institute of Technology P. O. Box 1334 Durban 4000 South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology University of Durban-Westville P. Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa.

The innate toxicity of dichloroethenes(DCEs) and their tendency to be reduced to vinyl chloride(VC)(a known human carcinogen) is a cause for environmental concern. Aerobic bacteria capable of growth on cis- and trans-DCEs as sole carbon and energy sources were isolated by enrichment culture technique and identified to belong to the genera; Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Axenic and mixed cultures of the bacterial isolates utilized DCEs at concentrations above the maximum contaminant level allowable in drinking water by the Environmental Protection Agency. Their specific growth rate constant ranged significantly(P<0.05) between 0.346—0.552 and 0.461—0.667 d -1; while the maximum specific substrate utilization rate ranged significantly(P<0.05) between 20.01—29.79 and 31.40—42.83 nmol h -1 (mg of protein) -1 in cis- and trans-DCE, respectively. The optimum growth was observed at 30℃ and at a pH of 7.0 with up to 96% of the stoichiometric-expected chloride released. Serial adaptation positively affected the growth yields and dehalogenase activities of the organisms with multiple antibiotic patterns also demonstrated by the isolates. These findings therefore indicated the important roles that these organisms may play in the bioremediation of sites polluted with chlorinated ethene compounds in Africa.

关键词： aerobic bioremediation dichloroethenes dehalogenase polluted site

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Impacts of heavy metals on 1,2-dichloroethane biodegradation in co-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 661-666页

作者： Ademola O. Olaniran Adhika Balgobind balakrishna pillay Discipline of Microbiology School of Biochemistry Genetics Microbiology and Plant Pathology Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 Republic of South Africa

1,2-Dichloroethane （DCA）, a potential mutagen and carcinogen, is commonly introduced into the environment through its industrial and agricultural use. In this study, the impact of lead and mercury on DCA degradation in soil was investigated, owing to the complex co-contamination problem frequently encountered in most sites. 1,2-Dichloroethane was degraded readily in both contaminated loam and clay soils with the degradation rate constants ranging between 0.370-0.536 week-1 and 0.309-0.417 week-1, respectively. The presence of heavy metals have a negative impact on DCA degradation in both soil types, resulting in up to 24.11% reduction in DCA degradation within one week. Both biostimulation and treatment additives increased DCA degradation, with the best degradation observed upon addition of glucose and a combination of diphosphate salt and sodium chloride, leading to about 17.91% and 43.50% increase in DCA degradation, respectively. The results have promising potential for effective remediation of soils co-contaminated with chlorinated organics and heavy metals. However, the best bioremediation strategy will depend on the soil types, microbial population present in the soil matrices, nutrients availability and metal forms.

关键词： biodegradation biostimulation co-contamination heavy metals treatment additives

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Effects of soluble starch synthase genes on eating and cooking quality in semi waxy japonica rice with Wx^(mp)

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2020年第1期2卷 217-228页

作者： Shu Yao Yadong Zhang Yanqing Liu Chunfang Zhao Lihui Zhou Tao Chen Qing Yong Zhao balakrishna pillay Cailin Wang Institute of Food Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center/Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice ImprovementNanjing 210014China Discipline of Microbiology School of Life ScienceCollege of AgricultureEngineering and ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa

The purpose of this study is to reveal the genetic mechanism of the variation of amylose content among different semi waxy or glutinous japonica rice in the background of Wxmp ***-four semi waxy lines derived from the hybrid progenies of Wujing 13 and Milky Princess(Kantou 194)with polymorphism in soluble starch synthase gene SSIIa(SSII-3)and SSIIIa(SSIII-2)but no polymorphism in other starch synthase related genes were used as test *** genotypes of SSIIa and SSIIIa allele were identified by molecular markers,and the allelic effects of SSIIa and SSIIIa gene on amylose content(AC),gel consistency(GC),gelatinization temperature(GT)and rapid visco analyzer(RVA)profile characteristics were *** significant effects of SSIIa and SSIIIa alleles and the interactive effects between two genes on AC,GT,GC and RVA profile characteristics were *** SSIIa and SSIIIa alleles from Wujing13 shown positive effects on AC with an average increase of 1.87 and 1.23%in 2 years *** was no significant effect on GT for SSIIa or SSIIIa allele but remarkable influence on GT when the co-existence of the two *** genotype SSIIa^(mp)SSIIIa^(mp) shown 1.34℃higher GT than genotype SSIIawjSSIIIawj(mp and wj indicated that the gene was derived from Milky Princess and Wujing 13 respectively,the same as in the below).Different genes and alleles resulted in significant different *** genetic effect of SSIIawj and SSIIIamp on GC was 8.74 and 9.62mm *** GC of SSIIa^(wj)SSIIIa^(mp) was 10.64 and 16.95mm higher than that of SSIIa^(mp)SSIIIa^(wj) and SSIIawjSSIIIawj,*** allele SSIIa^(wj) could increase the peak viscosity(PKV),hot paste viscosity(HPV),cool paste viscosity(CPV)and breakdown viscosity(BDV),while decrease the consistency viscosity(CSV)and setback viscosity(SBV).However for the allele SSIIIa^(wj) the opposite was *** genotype SSIIa^(wj)SSIIIa^(mp) had the largest PKV,HPV and CPV,the genotype SSIIa^(wj)SSIIIa^(wj) h

关键词： Soluble starch synthase genes Amylose content Gel consistency Gelatinization temperature RVA profiles characteristics Genetic effects

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Wx^mp基因背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对水稻蒸煮食味品质的影响

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中国水稻科学 2020年第3期34卷 217-227页

作者：姚姝张亚东刘燕清赵春芳周丽慧陈涛赵庆勇朱镇 balakrishna pillay 王才林江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心/国家水稻改良中心南京分中心南京210014 夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学(西维尔校区)农业工程科学院生命科学系南非德班

【目的】分析在同一主效基因(Wx^mp)背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响,以期为水稻品质遗传改良提供依据。【方法】选择在SSⅡa和PUL存在多态性而其他淀粉合成酶相关基因没有多态性的半糯品系... 详细信息

【目的】分析在同一主效基因(Wx^mp)背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响,以期为水稻品质遗传改良提供依据。【方法】选择在SSⅡa和PUL存在多态性而其他淀粉合成酶相关基因没有多态性的半糯品系宁0145和粳稻品种武运粳21进行杂交,获得F2群体与F3株系。利用分子标记,选择含有Wx^mp基因的F2单株与F3株系,将这些F2单株与F3株系分成SSⅡa^nPUL^n、SSⅡa^nPUL^w、SSⅡa^wPUL^n和SSⅡa^wPUL^w4种基因型(n和w分别表示该基因来源于宁0145和武运粳21),分析不同基因型蒸煮食味品质性状的差异,探讨同一Wxmp基因背景下不同SSⅡa和PUL等位基因对蒸煮食味品质性状的影响。【结果】不同基因型间蒸煮食味品质性状均存在显著差异,来源于武运粳21的SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因分别使直链淀粉含量增加0.29%~1.00%和0.62%~1.18%,且PUL的效应大于SSⅡa,两者间存在互作效应。SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因降低胶稠度和崩解值,提高了热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值和回复值,对糊化温度、峰值黏度和峰值时间的作用较小。【结论】明确了Wx^mp背景下SSⅡa和PUL基因对稻米蒸煮食味品质的遗传效应,该研究结果为SSⅡa和PUL基因的分子标记辅助选择改良稻米品质提供了理论依据。

关键词：半糯基因蒸煮食味品质可溶性淀粉合成酶基因极限糊精酶基因等位基因效应

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水稻Wxmp背景下SSⅡa和SSⅢa等位变异及其互作对蒸煮食味品质的影响

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作物学报 2020年第11期46卷 1690-1702页

作者：姚姝张亚东刘燕清赵春芳周丽慧陈涛赵庆勇朱镇 balakrishna pillay 王才林江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心/国家水稻改良中心南京分中心江苏南京210014 夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学(西维尔校区)农业工程科学院生命科学系南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省德班市4000

为了明确Wxmp基因背景下不同半糯粳稻品质差异的原因,以淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和SSⅢa表现多态性而其他淀粉合成相关基因无多态性的武粳13和关东194 (Milky Princess)杂交后代衍生的64个半糯品系为材料,分析了Wxmp基因背景下, SSⅡa和SSⅢ... 详细信息

为了明确Wxmp基因背景下不同半糯粳稻品质差异的原因,以淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和SSⅢa表现多态性而其他淀粉合成相关基因无多态性的武粳13和关东194 (Milky Princess)杂交后代衍生的64个半糯品系为材料,分析了Wxmp基因背景下, SSⅡa和SSⅢa基因等位变异对直链淀粉含量(amylose content, AC)、胶稠度(gel consistency, GC)、糊化温度(gelatinization temperature,GT)及RVA谱特征值的影响。结果表明,SSⅡa和SSⅢa等位变异对AC、GC、GT和RVA谱特征值都有显著影响,且2个基因间存在互作效应。SSⅡa2和SSⅢa2 (2表示该基因来源于非半糯亲本武粳13)有使AC增高的趋势,分别使AC提高1.87%和1.23%, 2年结果基本接近。单个SSⅡa和SSⅢa等位变异对GT无显著影响,而基因型SSⅡa1SSⅢa1(1表示该基因来源于半糯亲本关东194)的GT比SSⅡa2SSⅢa2高1.34℃,达显著水平,表明2个基因的互作对GT有显著影响。GC在不同基因型间均存在极显著差异, SSⅡa2和SSⅢa1可分别使GC增加8.74mm和9.62mm。从2个基因的互作效应来看,基因型SSⅡa2SSⅢa1的GC比基因型SSⅡa1SSⅢa2和SSⅡa2SSⅢa2分别增加10.64 mm和16.95 mm。SSⅡa2使最高黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、崩解值增加,回复值和消减值下降;而SSⅢa2的效应则相反。2个基因的互作效应,最高黏度、热浆黏度和冷胶黏度均以SSⅡa2SSⅢa1最大,崩解值和回复值均以SSⅡa2SSⅢa2最大,消减值SSⅡa2SSⅢa1最小。本研究结果为半糯粳稻蒸煮食味品质的改良提供了一定的理论依据。

关键词：半糯粳稻 SSIIa SSⅢa 蒸煮食味品质等位基因效应互作

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水稻Wxmp背景下SSIIa和SSIIIa等位变异及其互作对蒸煮食味品质的影响

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作物学报 2020年第11期

作者：姚姝张亚东刘燕清赵春芳周丽慧陈涛赵庆勇朱镇 balakrishna pillay 王才林

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Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第2期38卷 272-279页

作者： Samkeliso Takaidza Fanyana Mtunzi Michael pillay Department of Biotechnology Vaal University of Technology Department of Chemistry Vaal University of Technology

OBJECTIVE: To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia ***: Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic acid contents of the plant extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid contents were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant ***: Phytochemical screening showed flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins,and steroids were present in the Tulbaghia *** total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents varied in the different plant extracts, ranging from4.50 to 11.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram, respectively. The IC50 values determined for Tulbaghia alliacea and Tulbaghia violacea based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(0.06 and 0.08 mg/m L, respectively) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(0.06 and 0.03 mg/m L, respectively) were low and showed they had potential antioxidant ***: Our results suggest that individual compounds from Tulbaghia species should be isolated for analysis of their antioxidant activity because some compounds may work best when pure.

关键词： Tulbaghia Phytochemicals Antioxi-dants Phenols

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Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes:A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1133-1141页

作者： Muleja Anga Adolph Yangkou Mbianda Xavier pillay Kriveshini Krause Rui Department of Chemical Technology University of JohannesburgDoornfontein Campus P.O Box 17011JohannesburgSouth Africa

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes （Tpp-MWCNTs） were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified *** adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all *** adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs,*** Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R 2 close to 1 for all *** the other hand,the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo secondorder *** speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and *** adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.

关键词： phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes adsorbent XPS remediation nickel

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Seasonal discharge and chemical flux variations of rivers flowing into the Bayhead canal of Durban Harbour, South Africa

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第4期35卷 340-353页

作者： Kavandren Moodley Srinivasan pillay Keshia Pather Hari Ballabh School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Kwa Zulu-Natal Westville Campus

The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only natural freshwater inflows to the Bayhead Canal portion of the Durban Harbour. In this study, seasonal discharges and physico–chemical water properties were used to quantitatively determine the material mass transport capacity of the river systems on the basis of hydrographic inputs and chemical loading from the surrounding land use *** mass transport of the total dissolved solids(TDS),ammonia(NH_4), phosphorous(P), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), sulphur(S) and vanadium(V) was determined for each river. Results indicated that land use, seasonality and river flow were significant determinants for the material loading in the rivers and the receiving port waters. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of chemical fluxes indicated that industrial activity associated with the a Manzimnyama canal contributed the most, with regards to TDS, NH_4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S and V, loading in both wet and dry seasons, as well as Al, Cu, Hg and Pb during the dry season. Similarly, industrial activity associated with the u Mbilo/u Mhlatuzana Canal at the lower reaches accounted for the highest P, Al, Cu and Pb fluxes in the wet season alone. Fluxes of these parameters are used to explain theobserved elemental concentrations and patterns of the receiving port waters of the Bayhead Canal.

关键词： Discharge Chemical flux Durban Harbour

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Carboxymethyl cellulose thiol-imprinted polymers:Synthesis, characterization and selective Hg(Ⅱ) adsorption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 280-296页

作者： Tarisai Velempini Kriveshini pillay Xavier Y.MbiANDa Omotayo A.Arotiba Department of Applied Chemistry University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus Centre for Nanomaterials University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials University of the Witwatersrand

Sulfur containing ion imprinted polymers(S-IIPs) were applied for the uptake of Hg(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. Cysteamine which was used as the ligand for Hg(Ⅱ) complexation, was grafted along the epichlorohydrin crosslinked carboxylated carboxymethyl cellulose polymer chain through an amide reaction. The adsorption ability of S-IIPs towards Hg(Ⅱ)was investigated by kinetic and isotherm models, which, corresponding, showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order, fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 80 mg/g. Moreover, thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic and spontaneous reaction with the tendency of an enhanced randomness at the surface of the S-IIPs with temperature increases. S-IIPs indicated a high degree of selectivity towards Hg(Ⅱ) in the presence of Cu^(2+), Zn^(2+), Co^(2+), Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+).Furthermore, the efficiency of S-IIPs was also evaluated against real samples showing86.78%, 91.88%, and 99.10% recovery for Hg(Ⅱ) wastewater, ground water and tap water,respectively. In this study, the adsorbent was successfully regenerated for five cycles, which allows for their reuse without significant loss of initial adsorption capability.

关键词： Ion-imprinted polymers Carboxymethyl cellulose Adsorption Mercury(Ⅱ) Thiol

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