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Association of Hyperhomocysteinaemia with Hyperglycaemia, Dyslipidaemia, Hypertension and Obesity

International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第8期13卷 405-414页

作者： Hala Abdelazeem Adil Mergani yousifabdelhameed Mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

There is conflicting scientific data about the link between, high homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the general population, and obesity. This is a case-control study aimed to assess the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in obesity and its associated illnesses, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in Gezira state, Sudan. Two hundred and eleven participants were included in the study, 140 were obese (117 females and 23 males) and 71 were normal weight control, the obese median age was 49.49 ± 12.2 years. The control group consisted of 71 individuals with an average age of 45.78 ± 17.67 years. Among those who were already known to be obese, 67 (47.9%) reported having type II diabetes mellitus, 71 (50.7%) reported having hypertension, and 35 (25%) were obese without having either diabetes or hypertension. Three mls of venous blood from each participant were collected in the morning after a 12 h overnight fasting in Lithium heparin containers then the plasma was separated and stored at -80°C for analysis. Serum Hcy and lipid profile were measured using the enzymatic method by Cobas C 411 analyzer. In comparison to obese non-hypertensive, the results showed that obese hypertensive with Hcy levels > 15 mol/L had a considerably increased risk (OR 1.12). When Hcy levels > 15 mol/L were compared to obese diabetics and obese non-diabetics, insignificant difference was shown (P: 0.345). Males had a higher likelihood of having hyperhomocysteinemia than females did (OR 1.2). Homocysteine, cholesterol triglyceride, LDL, and HDL mean values were compared between case and control groups using the independent sample t-test, and the results revealed statistically significant (P: <0.05). Relationships between hyperhomocysteinaemia and cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL in the group of obese individuals were not statistically significant (P: 0.574, 0.265, 0.748, and 0.14), respectively. Obesity and Hcyconcentrations were shown to be substantially correlated. However,

关键词： Homocysteine Hyperglycaemia Dyslipidaemia Hypertension Sudan

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Correlation between Serum CD36 Level and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Khartoum State, Sudan

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第1期13卷 68-75页

作者： Eglal Elamein Mohammed Ali Abuagla M. Dafalla yousif Abdelhameed Mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. DM-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is 88-kD, class B scavenger receptor, expressed on different types of cells. In diabetic patients, LDL particles are glycated with strong level;this increases CD36 expression, initiates foam cell formation and accelerates atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum CD36 level and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State, Sudan, in a period between 2019 and 2022. Methodology: Hundred participants at different ages were included in this study;70 were type 2 diabetic patients (cases) and 30 apparently healthy individual (control). 3 ml of venous blood were collected from the participants by using a sterile needle and syringe into a labeled plain container. Each sample was stood until complete clot occurs. Clotted blood sample was then centrifuged to obtain the serum. Then they were used for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and soluble CD36 levels. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using Biosystem chemistry analyzer BTS-302. Serum CD36 was measured using Microplate Reader (URIT-660). Results: The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with control (P = 0.03, P = 0.031, P = 0.000, P = 0.000) respectively, while there is no statistically significant differences in serum CD36 level between cases and control (P = 0.129). Also this study showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between serum CD36 level and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, age and body mass index. Conc

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Serum CD36 Lipid Profile Sudan

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Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Killer Hidden in Transfused Blood, Sudan

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 173-181页

作者： Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed Abdelrahman Eldaw Mohammed Mubarak Ahmed Elshafia bakri yousif mohamed nour Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Haematology & Immunohaematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Introduction: Transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) through the blood is a significant risk, especially in poor countries with high endemicity. Occult transmission of HBV (OBI) is an important acquisition scenario. Objective: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study followed to detect OBI in blood of accepted donors admitted to Mad Medani Blood Bank, Sudan. Methods: During the study, 200 accepted blood units were examined for HBsAg by ELISA technique and negative samples were tested for total anti-HBc antibodies using electroluminescence immunoassay (ECLIAS). HBV DNA amplification was performed for units that showed total anti-Hbc positivity. Results: Of the 200 blood units, 3 appeared positive by ELISA. Total anti-HBc antibodies were present in 34% (67/197) of blood units. HBV DNA was successfully amplified in 52.2% (35/67) of total anti-HBc positive samples. A significant association was observed between reactive total anti-HBc and age group (p Conclusion: OBI was recorded at a high rate in the blood of donors, which necessitates the implementation of detection methods to protect the recipients.

关键词： OBI Blood Donors Nested-PCR Sudan

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The Possibilities of Chronic Renal Failure Patients Contracting Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Sudan

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 91-102页

作者： Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed Abdelrahman Eldaw Mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour Albadawi Abdelbagi Talha Zienab Hamid Mubarak Ahmed Elshafia Mubarak Ahmed Elshafia mohamed Elamin Salih Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Al Jouf University Sakakah KSA Department of Haematology and Immunohaematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine-AlQunfudtha Umm Al-Qura University Mecca KSA

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of the CKD on the host and the continuous therapeutic measures increase the hypothesis of blood-borne diseases transmission. Objective: This study aimed to find the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (OBI) in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) and to study the possibilities of infection acquisition. Methods: During 2017 and 2019, two hundred CRF patients under regular haemodialysis and attending Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery were recruited. Plasma specimens were collected and used for detection of hepatitis B surface antigens (HbsAg), total hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B virus DNA isolation. Nested PCR reaction was followed to identify HBV. Socio-clinical data for each participant was obtained. Results: Male patients represented 64% (128/200), most frequent age group was from 41 to 60 years with percentage of 56.5% (113/200), 86% (172/200) of CRF patients were received blood while 42% (84/200) get HBV vaccination. Hepatitis B core antibodies were found in 54% (108/200) of studied cases, and 22% (42/188) of tested DNA were positively amplified for target gene. Detection of Hepatitis B core antibodies was significantly associated with marital status while absence of vaccination significantly associated with the detection of both hepatitis B core antibodies and HBV DNA. Conclusion: This study found high frequency of OBI in CRF patients, to reduce the transmission of the disease, possible hypotheses should be studied, including blood transfusion, haemodialysis process and HBV vaccination status.

关键词： Chronic Renal Failure OBI Nested PCR Sudan

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Significance of Serum Electrolyte Pattern in an Eastern Sudanese Dengue Fever Patients Population

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-10页

作者： Salwa Abd Almoneim Mohammed Ali Mohammed Omer Abaker Gibreel Nazik Sir El Khatim Bakhit Suliman Ali Khider Ali Mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour Department of Clinical Chemistry Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology Port Sudan Sudan Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Hematology and immunohematology Port Sudan Ahlia College Port Sudan Sudan Department of Microbiology Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology Port Sudan Sudan

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is caused by an arboviral strain and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes Egyties which is found in Sudan especially Red Sea and Kassala states in the east. In the year 2020 there was a significant outbreak in the both states. The disease is known to cause renal and electrolyte disturbances and a thorough understanding of that which will potentially help in the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: This study is a prospective observational cross sectional study conducted in the Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology and Port Sudan Teaching Hospital. 200 confirmed Dengue virus infection patients along with 200 healthy appearing adults (as a control) were enrolled for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out after the collection of patients’ demographic, clinical, and investigational data including electrolyte values. Results: The highest incidence of DENV infection was observed in individuals of the middle age group (29%). Although fallen within reference ranges found in the literature, mean serum electrolyte values differed significantly between patients and controls and between different categories of the disease. For our patients, hyponatraemia was seen in 43.5%, hypokalaemia in 37%, hypocalcaemia in 30%, hypophosphataemia in 12% and low magnesium concentrations in 13%. Mean serum sodium concentration differed in the control (138.2 mmol/l) from in the test (132.5 mmol/l) (P. value 0.02). Similarly, mean serum potassium in the control (3.97 mmol/l) differed significantly (P. value 0.01) from test (3.30 mmol/l). Mean calcium and phosphorus (8.80 and 3.50 mg/dl) in the control were also differed from test (8.51 and 3.30), (P. values 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). In contrast, serum magnesium (mg/dl) in the control group (1.96) showed no significant difference from that of test group (1.90) (P. value 0.08). The biochemical parameters studied were neither affected by age nor by gen

关键词： Dengue Virus Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue Shock Syndrome Electrolytes Eastern Sudan

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The Frequency of rs1799889 in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene in Sudanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Gezira State, Sudan, 2020-2021

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 165-174页

作者： Rowida Eljack Ibrahim Sanaa Elfatih Hussein Ibrahim Khalid Abdelsamea mohamedahmed Abdarahim Ali Babikir Haj Alzebar Rania Ali Abdella mohamed Adil Mergani Babiker bakri yousif mohamed nour Department of Hematology and Immunohematology Medical Laboratory Science University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Al Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia Department of Histopathology and Cytology Medical Laboratory Science University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Molecular Biology National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Background and Objectives: The cornerstone of the regulation fibrinolytic system is plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. The 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene is a key genetic predictor of increased plasma levels which is the most polymorphism associated with cardiovascular complications. The 4G carriers have six times higher PAI-1 levels than 5G carriers leading to an increase in the level of plasma inhibitor by about 25% more than 5G allele (wide type). Type 2 diabetes presents symptoms of hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolytic system that lead to contribute in the atherothrombosis and then the myocardial infarction (MI). These findings supported the hypothesis that there is a link between diabetes patients and this SNP. There is no data about the prevalence of this allele in Sudanese diabetic patients with type 2 and the allele differs in prevalence according to ethnicity, for these reasons, the aim of this study was to determine the allele and genotype frequency of the rs1799889 among Sudanese T2DM patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using 70 diagnosed diabetes type 2 patients and 50 healthy individuals as the control group. AS-PCR technique was used to genotype the rs1799889, and the allelic frequency was calculated according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allelic frequencies were assessed using gene counting (SNP-STAT software V. Release 3.13), and genotypes were scored. Results: The result showed that 4G allele frequency was 28% among Sudanese diabetic patients without statistical difference when compared with control group (P-value = 0.998) but, high when compared with other studies in African population 13% and very low when compared with white and Indian populations studies. Conclusion: By this study, the allele frequency was higher in Sudanese diabetic patients with type 2, and also we need another study to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism in thrombophilic complications in Sudanese diabetic patients with type 2.

关键词： 4G/5G Polymorphism Diabetic Mellitus Type 2 and PAI-1 Gene

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Prediction of Acute Renal Failure in Dengue Fever Patients

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Open Journal of Urology 2022年第2期12卷 99-106页

作者： Salwa Abd Almoneim Mohammed Ali Mohammed Omer Abaker Gibreel Nazik Sir El Khatim Bakhit Suliman Ali Khider Ali Mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour Department of Clinical Chemistry Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology Port Sudan Sudan Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Hematology and Immunohematology Port Sudan Ahlia College Port Sudan Sudan Department of Microbiology Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology Port Sudan Sudan

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is caused by an arboviral strain and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti which is found in Sudan especially Red Sea and Kassala states in the east. The disease is known to cause renal disturbances and a thorough understanding of that will potentially help in the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: This study is a prospective observational cross sectional study conducted in the Eastern Sudan College of Medical Science and Technology and Port Sudan Teaching Hospital. 200 confirmed Dengue virus infected patients along with 200 healthy appearing adults (control) were enrolled for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out after the collection of patients’ demographic, clinical, and investigational data including serum urea and creatinine values. Ethical approval was obtained from the ministry of health, Red Sea state and informed written consent was obtained from each participant. Results: The highest incidence of DENV infection was observed in individuals of the middle age group (29%). Elevated blood urea levels were detected in 10 (5%) patients while elevated creatinine levels were seen in 17 (8.5%) patients. Although fallen within reference ranges found in the literature, mean blood urea and creatinine values differed significantly between patients and controls and between different categories of the disease. Mean blood urea concentration showed a statistically significant difference between the control (22.3 mg/dl) and the test (28.4 mg/dl) (P value Conclusion: We strongly conclude that renal involvement is not uncommon in Dengue fever and that blood urea and creatinine evaluation should be considered in the counseling of DENV infection patients. Patients need to be subjected to necessary laboratory investigations associated with acute kidney injury to decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.

关键词： Dengue Virus Acute Kidney Injury Hemorrhagic Fever Shock Syndrome Eastern Sudan

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Privacy-preserved learning from non-i.i.d data in fog-assisted IoT:A federated learning approach

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 404-415页

作者： mohamed Abdel-Basset Hossam Hawash nour Moustafa Imran Razzak mohamed Abd Elfattah Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig UniversityZagazigSharqiyah44519Egypt School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales@ADFACanberraACT2600Australia Deakin University Geelong Waurn Ponds CampusAustralia Computer Science Department Misr Higher Institute for Commerce and ComputersMansoura35511Egypt

With the prevalence of the Internet of Things(IoT)systems,smart cities comprise complex networks,including sensors,actuators,appliances,and cyber *** complexity and heterogeneity of smart cities have become vulnerable to sophisticated cyber-attacks,especially privacy-related attacks such as inference and data poisoning *** Learning(FL)has been regarded as a hopeful method to enable distributed learning with privacypreserved intelligence in IoT *** though the significance of developing privacy-preserving FL has drawn as a great research interest,the current research only concentrates on FL with independent identically distributed(i.i.d)data and few studies have addressed the non-i.i.d *** is known to be vulnerable to Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)attacks,where an adversary can presume to act as a contributor participating in the training process to acquire the private data of other *** paper proposes an innovative Privacy Protection-based Federated Deep Learning(PP-FDL)framework,which accomplishes data protection against privacy-related GAN attacks,along with high classification rates from non-i.i.d ***-FDL is designed to enable fog nodes to cooperate to train the FDL model in a way that ensures contributors have no access to the data of each other,where class probabilities are protected utilizing a private identifier generated for each *** PP-FDL framework is evaluated for image classification using simple convolutional networks which are trained using MNIST and CIFAR-10 *** empirical results have revealed that PF-DFL can achieve data protection and the framework outperforms the other three state-of-the-art models with 3%–8%as accuracy improvements.

关键词： Privacy preservation Federated learning Deep learning Fog computing Smart cities

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Mental Health Consequences among Sudanese Due to the Armed Conflicts and Civil Unrest of 2023: One Year Later

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 21-37页

作者： Sahar Moawia Balla Elnour Nahla yousif Osman Mohammed Saeed Awadia Babiker Mohammed Osman Abeer Alawad Hassan Eman mohamed nour Hamad Alneel Mustafa Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamato Malaz mohamed Khair Alsafi mohamed Amna Alnaim mohamed Ahmed Osman Awab Abdelbagi Mustafa Ahmed Jalal Abdelrasool Hassan Eltaib Department of Family Medicine Health Gates Riyadh Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Department Ultracare Home Health Care Riyadh Saudi Arabia Psychiatic Department Erada Hospital and Mental Health Alkharj Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Department Ahmed Gasim Diabetic Center Portsudan Sudan QCHP Qatar Qatar Primary Care Najran Health Cluster Najran Saudi Arabia Emergency Department Best Care Hospital Khartoum Sudan Family Medicine Department Mouwasat Hospital Khobar Saudi Arabia

Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens after a year has passed since the start of Armed Forces conflict in Sudan. Methods: An online survey was distributed. It is composed of five parts, covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data;2) depression assessment;3) generalized anxiety disorder assessment;4) post-traumatic stress disorder assessment;and 5) insomnia assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Chi-square test were used for correlation and association analysis;a P-value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 283 participants, primarily female (76.0%), with a mean age of 35.26 ± 6.96 years. The majority of participants were married (50.5%) and had a university level of education (50.2%). At the start of the war, 70.3% of participants were inside the war zones, and at the time of data collection, 73.5% were outside Sudan. The length of stay in the war zone ranged from 1 to 300 days, with a mean of 48.59 ± 70.284 days. Additionally, 63.3% of participants stated that they did not receive any form of mental health intervention, and the remaining did not provide an answer. There was a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression (50.5%), moderate anxiety (35.3%), PTSD (56.5%), and sub-threshold insomnia (53.4%) among the participants. Correlation analyses revealed associations between demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, and education and mental health issues. Notably, female participants showed a higher prevalence of PTSD (53.0%) compared to male participants (67.6%). Conclusions: There is a substantial impact of war-related trauma on mental health, revealing a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression, moderate anxiety, PTSD, and sub-threshold insomnia among the particip

关键词： Sudan War Conflict Mental Health

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Association of Hyperhomocysteinaemia with Hyperglycaemia, Dyslipidaemia,Hypertension and Obesity

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2022年第8期

作者： hala abdelazeem adil mergani yousifabdelhameed mohammed bakri yousif mohamed nour

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