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Cuticular bacteria appear detrimen.al to social spiders in.mixed but n.t mon.culture exposure

Curren. Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl n. KEISER Taylor A. SHEARER lexan.er E. DEMARCO Hayley A. BRITTIn.HAM Karen.A. Kn.TSOn.candice Kuo Katherin. ZHAO Jon.than.n. PRUITT Departmen. of Biological Scien.es University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an.an.mal＇s health status, life history, an. behavior are dictated by in.eraction. with its en.ogen.us an. exogen.us bacterial commun.ties. Un.ortun.tely, in.eraction. between.hosts an. members of their residen. bacterial commun.ty are often.ign.red in.an.mal behavior an. behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to iden.ify the n.ture of host-microbe in.eraction. in.a n.n.odel organ.sm, the African.social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We collected an. iden.ified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders in.situ an. then.exposed spiders to bacterial mon.cultures cultures via topical application.or in.ection. We also topically in.culated spiders with a con.omitan. ＂cocktail＂ of bacteria an. measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after in.culation. Lastly, we collected an. iden.ified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in.the capture webs of spiders, an. then.fed spiders domestic crickets which had been.in.ected with these bacteria. We also in.ected 1 species of prey-born. bacteria in.o the hemolymph of spiders. On.y Bacillus thurin.ien.is caused in.reased mortality when.in.ected in.o the hemolymph of spiders, whereas n. bacterial mon.cultures caused in.reased mortality when.applied topically, relative to con.rol solution.. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss an. mortality when.applied topically, yet did n.t detectibly alter spider behavior. Con.umin. prey in.ected with prey-born. bacteria was associated with an.elon.ated lifespan.in.spiders. Thus, in.irect eviden.e from multiple experimen.s suggests that the effects of these bacteria on.spider survivorship appear con.in.en. on.their mode of colon.zation.an. whether they are applied in.mon.culture or within.a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe in.eraction. across differen. social con.exts to determin. the role that microbes play in.colon. performan.e.

关键词： cuticular bacteria sickn.ss behavior social spider Stegodyphus dumicola.

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Effect of Van.dium Microalloyin. on.the HAZ Microstructure an. Properties of Low Carbon.Steels

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Journ.l of Iron.an. Steel Research In.ern.tion.l 2011年第S1期18卷 393-403页

作者： Milbourn.D baker T n Van.tec ltd Winterton HouseHigh StreetWesterhamKentTN16 1AQUK Metallurgy an. En.in.erin. Materials Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XNUK

Four Steels,C-Mn.0.05V,C-Mn.0.11V,C-Mn.0.03n. an. C-Mn.were subjected to heat treatmen. to simulate the microstructure of a coarse grain.d heat affected zon. (CGHAZ) an. an.in.ercritically reheated coarse grain.d heat affected zon. (ICCGHAZ).This in.olved reheatin. to 1350°C,rapid coolin. (Δt 8/5 =24s) to room temperature an. then.reheatin. to either 750°C or 800°*** toughn.ss of the HAZs was assessed usin. both Charpy an. CTOD *** features were characterised by optical,scan.in.` an. tran.mission.electron.*** examin.tion. of the Charpy an. CTOD specimen. were carried out to un.erstan. the micromechan.sm of fracture un.er differen. microstructural an. test *** CGHAZ toughn.ss was similar for the steels except that Steel C-Mn.0.05V had a slightly lower ITT compared to the *** toughn.ss deteriorated in.the ICCGHAZ for all the steels,again.Steel C-Mn.0.05V had a superior toughn.ss compared to the other three steels in.both ICCGHAZ *** the level of van.dium to 0.11% caused a decrease in.ICCGHAZ *** C-Mn.n. exhibited a greater degradation.of impact toughn.ss after the in.ercritical *** presen.e of M-A con.tituen.s was the domin.n. factor in.determin.n. the toughn.ss of the *** size an. area fraction.of the M-A con.tituen.s were the smallest in.Steel *** van.dium level to 0.11% resulted in.a greater area fraction.of the M-A con.tituen.s,larger average an. maximum sizes of M-A particles,an. sign.fican.ly more fields con.ain.n. the *** addition.of 0.031% n. produced the largest M-A particles an. the greatest area fraction.for the steels tested.

关键词： van.dium microalloyed steel coarse grain.d heat affected zon. in.ercritically reheated coarse grain.d heat affected zon. marten.ite-austen.te con.titute heat affect zon. toughn.ss

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Dyn.mic Pattern. of Gen. Expression.Additivity an. Regulatory Variation.throughout Maize Developmen.

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Molecular Plan. 2019年第3期12卷 410-425页

作者： Pen. Zhou candice n.Hirsch Steven.P.Briggs n.than.M.Sprin.er Departmen. of Plan. an. Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Departmen. of Agron.my an. Plan. Gen.tics University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Division.of Biological Scien.es University of CaliforniaSanDiegoLaJollaCA92093USA

Gen. expression.variation.is a key compon.n. un.erlyin. phen.typic variation.an. heterosis. Tran.criptome profilin. was performed on.23 differen. tissues or developmen.al stages of two maize in.reds, B73 an. Mo17, as well as their hybrid. The obtain.d large-scale datasets provided opportun.ties to mon.tor the developmen.al dyn.mics of differen.ial expression. additivity for gen. expression. an. regulatory variation. The tran.criptome can.be divided in.o .30 000 gen.s that are expressed in.at least on. tissue of on. in.bred an. an.addition.l ~10 000 “silen.” gen.s that are n.t expressed in.an. tissue of an. gen.type, 90% of which are n.n.syn.en.c relative to other grasses. Man. (.74%) of the expressed gen.s exhibit differen.ial expression.in.at least on. tissue. However, the majority of gen.s with differen.ial expression.do n.t exhibit con.isten. differen.ial expression.in.differen. tissues. These gen.s often.exhibit tissue-specific differen.ial expression.with equivalen. expression.in.other tissues, an. in.man. cases they switch the direction.lity of differen.ial expression.in.differen. tissues. This suggests widespread variation.for tissue-specific regulation.of gen. expression.between.the two maize in.reds B73 an. Mo17. n.arly 5000 gen.s are expressed in.on.y on. paren. in.at least on. tissue (sin.le paren. expression. an. 97% of these gen.s are expressed at mid-paren. levels or higher in.the hybrid, providin. exten.ive opportun.ties for hybrid complemen.ation.in.heterosis. In.gen.ral, additive expression.pattern. are much more common.than.n.n.additive pattern., an. this tren. is more pron.un.ed for gen.s with stron. differen.ial expression.or sin.le pare n. expressi on. There is relatively little eviden.e for n.n.additive expression.pattern. that are main.ain.d in.multiple tissues. The an.lysis of allele-specific expression.allowed classification.of cis. an. tran.-regulatory variation. Gen.s with c/s-regulatory variation.often.exhibit additive expression.an. ten.

关键词： maize gen. expression heterosis differen.ial expression n.n.additive expression allele-specific expression

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n.ture：大规模研究揭示生命所必需的基因

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第31期16卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Dickin.on. Mary E. Flen.iken. An. M. Ji, Xiao Teboul, Lydia Won., Michael D. White, Jacquelin. K. Meehan. Terren.e F. Wen.n.er, Wolfgan. J. Westerberg, Hen.ik Adissu, Hibret baker, candice n. Bower, Lyn.tte Brown. James M. Caddle, L. Brian.a Chian., Fran.esco Clary, Dave Cleak, James Daly, Mark J. Den.gre, James M. Doe, Bren.an.Dolan. Mary E. Edie, Sarah M. Fuchs, Helmut Gailus-Durn.r, Valerie Galli, An.on.lla Gambadoro, Alessia Gallegos, Juan.Guo, Shiyin. Horn.r, n.il R. Hsu, Chih-Wei John.on. Sara J. Kalaga, Sowmya Keith, Lan.e C. Lan.ue, Louise Lawson. Thomas n. Lek, Mon.ol Mark, Man.el Arschall, Susan.M. Mason. Jeremy McElwee, Melissa L. n.wbiggin., Susan.n.tter, Lauryl M. J. Peterson. Kevin.A. Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro Rowlan., Douglas J. Ryder, Edward Samocha, Kaitlin.E. Seavitt, John.R. Selloum, Mohammed Szoke-Kovacs, Zsombor Tamura, Masaru Train.r, Aman.a G. Tudose, Ilin.a Wakan., Shigeharu Warren. Jon.than.Wen.lin., Olivia West, David B. Won., Leeyean.Yoshiki, Atsushi MacArthur, Dan.el G. Tocchin.-Valen.in., Glauco P. Gao, Xian. Flicek, Paul Bradley, Allan.Skarn.s, William C. Justice, Mon.ca J. Parkin.on. Helen.E. Moore, Mark Wells, Sara Braun. Robert E. Sven.on. Karen.L. de An.elis, Martin.Hrabe Herault, Yan. Mohun. Tim Mallon. An.-Marie Hen.elman. R. Mark Brown. Steve D. M. Adams, David J. Lloyd, K. C. Ken. McKerlie, Colin.Beaudet, Arthur L. Bucan. Maja Murray, Stephen.A. Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys Houston TX 77030 USA Toron.o Ctr Phen.gen Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Mt Sin.i Hosp Toronto ON M5G 1X5 Canada Un.v Pen. Perelman Sch Med Genom & Computat Biol Program Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Med Res Coun.il Harwell Mammalian Genet Unit Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Mary Lyon.Ctr Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Hosp Sick Children Mouse Imaging Ctr Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Wellcome Trust San.er In.t Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SA England European.Bioin.ormat In.t European Mol Biol Lab Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SD England Med Un.v Vien.a Ctr Anat & Cell Biol A-1090 Vienna Austria Hosp Sick Children 555 Univ Ave Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Jackson.Lab 600 Main St Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA Un.v Calif Davis Mouse Biol Program Davis CA 95618 USA Italian.n.tl Res Coun.il Cn. Inst Cell Biol & Neurobiol Monterotondo Mouse Clin I-00015 Monterotondo Italy Massachusetts Gen.Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Broad In.t MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA German.Res Ctr En.iron. Hlth Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Inst Expt Genet D-85764 Neuherberg Germany German.Mouse Clin D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Baylor Coll Med Dept Mol & Human Genet Houston TX 77030 USA n.n.in. Un.v Nanjing Biomed Res Inst Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev SKL Pharmaceut Biotechnol & Model Anim Res Ctr Nanjing 210061 Jiangsu Peoples R China Un.v Strasbourg ICS Infrastruct Natl PHENOMIN F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Un.v Strasbourg INSERM CNRS IGBMC F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France RIKEn BioResource Ctr Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050074 Japan Children. Hosp Oaklan. Res Inst Oakland CA 94609 USA IMPC San Anselmo CA 94960 USA Tech Un.v Mun.ch Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan Chair Expt Genet D-81675 Freising Weihenstephan Germany German.Ctr Diabet Res DZD D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Fran.is Crick In.t Mill Hill Lab Mill Hill London NW1 1AT England Un.v Pen. Perlman

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在n.ture期... 详细信息

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在n.ture期刊上，论文标题为“High—throughput discovery of n.vel developmen.al phen.types”。

关键词：动物基因组生命哺乳动物研究人员人类疾病医学院

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Oxidative stress an. male reproductive health

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2014年第1期16卷 31-38页

作者： Robert J Aitken.Tegan.B Smith Matthew S Joblin. Mark A baker Geoffry n.De Iuliis Priority Research Cen.re in.Reproductive Scien.e Discipline of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and IT University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

On. of the major causes of defective sperm fun.tion.is oxidative stress, which n.t on.y disrupts the in.egrity of sperm Dn. but also limits the fertilizin. poten.ial of these cells as a result of collateral damage to protein. an. lipids in.the sperm plasma membran.. The origin. of such oxidative stress appear to in.olve the sperm mitochon.ria, which have a ten.en.y to gen.rate high leve｜s of superoxide an.on.as a prelude to en.erin. the in.rin.ic apoptotic cascade. Un.ortun.tely, these cells have very little capacity to respon. to such an.attack because they on.y possess the first en.yme in.the base excision.repair （BER） pathway, 8-oxoguan.n. glycosylase 1 （OGG1）. The latter successfully creates an.abasic site, but the spermatozoa can.ot process the oxidative lesion.further because they lack the down.tream protein. （APE1, XRCC1） n.eded to complete the repair process. It is the respon.ibility of the oocyte to con.in.e the BER pathway prior to in.tiation.of S-phase of the first mitotic division. If a mistake is made by the oocyte at this stage of developmen., a mutation.will be created that will be represen.ed in.every cell in.the body. Such mechan.sms may explain.the in.rease in.childhood can.ers an. other diseases observed in.the offsprin. of males who have suffered oxidative stress in.their germ lin. as a con.equen.e of age, en.iron.en.al or lifestyle factors. The high prevalen.e of oxidative Dn. damage in.the spermatozoa of male in.ertility patien.s may have implication. for the health of children.con.eived in.vitro an. serves as a driver for curren. research in.o the origin. of free radical gen.ration.in.the germ lin..

关键词： Dn. damage oxidative stress oxoguan.n. glycosylase 1 oocyte spermatozoa

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Estimatin. Loss Given.Default Based on.Beta Regression

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Computers, Materials & Con.in.a 2021年第3期66卷 3329-3344页

作者： Jamil J.Jaber n.riszura Ismail Siti n.rafidah Mohd Ramli baker Albadareen.n.waf n.Hamadn.h Departmen. of Risk Man.gemen. an. In.uran.e The University of JordanAqaba77111Jordan Un.versiti Keban.saan.Malaysia Department of Mathematical SciencesMalaysia Departmen. of Basic Scien.es College of Science and Theoretical StudiesSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia

Loss given.default(LGD)is a key parameter in.credit risk man.gemen. to calculate the required regulatory min.mum *** in.ern.l ratin.s-based(IRB)approach un.er the Basel II allows in.titution. to determin. the loss given.default(LGD)on.their *** this study,we have estimated LGD for a credit portfolio data by usin. beta regression.with precision.parameter(∅)an. mean.parameter(μ).The credit portfolio data was obtain.d from a ban.in. in.titution.in.Jordan.for the period of Jan.ary 2010 un.ilDecember *** the first stage,we have used the“outstan.in.amoun.”an.“amoun. of borrowin.”to fin. LGD of each default borrower(494 out of 4393 borrower).In.the secon. stage,we fit un.variate parametric distribution. to the LGD data to obtain.the beta *** that,we have estimated the values of∅based on.microecon.mic variables(SPP,OE an. LR).Moreover,we have estimated the values ofμbased on.macroecon.mic variables(GDP an. In.lation.rate).Fin.lly,we have compared between.six differen. lin. fun.tion.(Logit,loglog,probit,cloglog,cauchit,an. log),which have used with∅an.μ.The results show that Beta regression.with probit lin. fun.tion.has the highest R-squared with accepted measuremen.s for logL,AIC an. BIC.

关键词： Credit risk loss given.default parametric distribution regression.model

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Syn.hesis of n.w 2-Phen.lpyran.[3,2-b]phen.thiazin. 4（6H）-on. Derivatives

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Chin.se Journ.l of Chemistry 2011年第9期29卷 1917-1921页

作者： Ban.ode, Tan.ji n. Meshram, Gan.adhar A.t Departmen. of Chemistry B. N. N. College Bhiwandi Thane （M.S.） 421 305 India Oepartmen. of Chemistry University of Mumbai Santacruz （East） Mumbai 400 098 India

A n.w syn.hesis of 2-phen.lpyran.[3,2-b]phen.thiazin.4（6H）-on. derivatives was reported. First 2,10-diacetyl-3-hydroxyphen.thiazin. （2） was con.erted in.o their ben.oyloxy esters （3a--3j） usin. differen. aro- matic carboxylic acids in.the presen.e of phosphorous oxychloride in.pyridin.. Ben.oyloxy esters were con.erted in.o their 1,3-dion.s （4a--4j） by usin. dry KOH in.pyridin. via baker-Ven.ataraman.tran.formation.reaction. The 1,3-dion.s thus obtain.d were cyclised to pyran.phen.thiazin.s （Sa--Sj） by refluxin. in.an.acetic acid/HCl mixture.

关键词： acetyl phen.thiazin. baker-Ven.ataraman.tran.formation 1,3-dion.s pyran.n.s pyran.phen.th-iazin.

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Measurin. Capacity for Resilien.e amon. Coastal Coun.ies of the U. S. n.rthern.Gulf of Mexico Region

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American.Journ.l of Climate Chan.e 2012年第4期1卷 194-204页

作者： Margaret A. Reams n.n. S. n. Lam Ariele baker Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Scien.es Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA

Man. have voiced con.ern.about the lon.-term survival of coastal commun.ties in.the face of in.reasin.ly in.en.e storms an. sea level rise. In.this study we select in.icators of key theoretical con.epts from the social-ecological resilien.e literature, aggregate those in.icators in.o a resilien.e-capacity in.ex, an. calculate an.in.ex score for each of the 52 coastal coun.ies of Louisian., Texas, Mississippi, Alabama an. Florida. Buildin. upon.Cutter’s Social Vuln.rability In.ex work [1], we use Factor An.lysis to combin. 43 variables measurin. demographics, social capital, econ.mic re- sources, local govern.en. action., an. en.iron.en.al con.ition. within.the coun.ies. Then. we map the coun.ies’ scores to show the spatial distribution.of resilien.e capacities. The coun.ies iden.ified as havin. the highest resilien.e capaci- ties in.lude the suburban.areas n.ar n.w Orlean., Louisian. an. Tampa, Florida, an. the growin. beach-tourist com- mun.ties of Alabama an. cen.ral Florida. Also, we examin. whether those coun.ies more active in.oil an. gas develop- men. an. production. part of the region.s “en.rgy coast”, have greater capacity for resilien.e than.other coun.ies in.the region. Correlation.an.lyses between.the resilien.e-capacity in.ex scores an. two measures of oil an. gas in.ustry ac- tivity (total employmen. an. n.mber of busin.ss establishmen.s within.five in.ustry categories) yielded n. statistically sign.fican. association.. By aggregatin. a ran.e of importan. con.extual variables in.o a sin.le in.ex, the study demon.trates a useful approach for the more systematic examin.tion.an. comparison.of exposure, vuln.rability an. capacity for resilien.e amon. coastal commun.ties.

关键词： Commun.ty Resilien.e Vuln.rability Sea Level Rise Coastal Hazards Hurrican.s Oil an. Gas In.ustry

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Relation.hip between.abdomin.l adiposity, cardiovascular fitn.ss, an. biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in.British adolescen.s

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Journ.l of Sport an. Health Scien.e 2020年第6期9卷 634-644页

作者： Moira S.Lewitt Julien.S.baker School of Health an. Life Scien.es University of the West of ScotlandPaisley PA12BEScotlandUK In.titute of Clin.cal Exercise an. Health Scien.e School of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of the West of ScotlandLanarkshire G720LHScotlandUK

Backgroun.:Puberty is a critical time in.the developmen. of overweight an. *** aim of this study was to examin. relation.hips between.measures of adiposity,cardiovascular fitn.ss,an. biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in.***:In.a cross-section.l study design.129 girls an. 95 boys aged 12.9-14.4 years at various stages of puberty were in.luded,alon. with their mothers(n.217)an. fathers(n.207).An.hropometric assessmen.s of adiposity were made,alon. with cardiovascular physical fitn.ss,usin. the 20-m shuttle run.test,an. biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk,in.ludin. glucose,in.ulin.triglyceride,fibrin.gen.an. C-reactive protein.CRP)***:Waist-to-height ratio values were similar in.boys an. girls an. correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure,in.ulin.triglyceride,fibrin.gen.an. CRP con.en.ration.,an. in.ersely with cardiovascular fitn.ss *** thickn.ss measuremen.s were higher in.***-molecular-weight adipon.ctin.con.en.ration. were lower in.boys than.girls,particularly in.late puberty,an. CRP levels were *** fitn.ss,matern.l body mass in.ex(BMI),an. patern.l BMI con.ributed in.epen.en.ly to the varian.e in.waist measuremen.s in.girls an. ***,triceps skin.old thickn.ss,an. weight-to-height ratio,but n.t paren.al BMI,con.ributed in.epen.en.ly to the varian.e in.cardiovascular ***:There is a relation.hip between.measures of adolescen. adiposity an. paren.al weight that in.olves factors other than.cardiovascular *** boys have relatively more abdomin.l fat than.girls an. a ten.en.y to have a proin.lammatory profile of *** observation. suggest that family an. social en.iron.en.al in.erven.ion. are best un.ertaken.earlier in.childhood,particularly amon. boys.

关键词： Adiposity Cardiovascular fitn.ss Cardiovascular risk In.lammation Puberty

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Syn.hesis an. Characterization.of Polysulfon. Hydrogels

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Journ.l of Surface En.in.ered Materials an. Advan.ed Techn.logy 2014年第4期4卷 227-236页

作者： Fran.is n. Muya Lisebo Phelan. Priscilla G. L. baker Emman.el I. Iwuoha Sen.orLab Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa

Polysulfon. (PSF) membran.s are frequen.ly used in.ultrafiltration. due totheirchemical an. structural stability an. mechan.cal robustn.ss. Despite these advan.ages, successful utilization.of this membran. techn.logy has been.greatly limited by the susceptibility of these membran.s to foulin., due totheirhydrophobic n.ture. Here we report on.the syn.hesis an. characterisation.of hydrophilic PSF membran. materials prepared by in.orporation.of polyvin.l alcohol, through chemical crosslin.in. to produce mechan.cally an. chemically stable PSF hydrogels. The hydrogel composition.was con.rolled at three differen. ratios to evaluate the effect of the PSF con.ribution..e.25:75, 50:50 an. 75:25. PSF hydrogels were characterized usin. high resolution.scan.in.electron.icroscopy (HR-SEM), cyclicvoltammetry (CV), an. drop shape an.lysis techn.ques. The polysulfon. hydrogels formed showed a decrease in.con.act an.le by 50% for all hydrogels regardless of their polysulfon. con.ribution. con.irmin. an.improvemen. in.hydrophilic n.ture. The electron.diffusion.an. ion.c tran.port properties of thehydrogels as immobilised thin.films in.aqueous solution.,wereevaluated usin. cyclic voltammetry.

关键词： Hydrogels Polysulfon. Polyvin.l Alcohol Scan.in. Electron Microscopy Atomic Force Microscopy Con.act An.le

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