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Meteorological Drought Detection and Forecast Using Standardized Precipitation Index and Univariate Distribution Models: Case Study of Bamako, Mali

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 30-55页

作者： Alikalifa Sanogo Prince Appiah Owusu Roland Songotu Kabange bakary issa djire Racheal Fosu Donkoh Nasser Dia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematical Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA

As an extended period of unusually dry weather conditions without sufficient rain, drought poses enormous risk on societies. Characterized by the absence of precipitation for long periods of time, often resulting in water scarcity, droughts are increasingly posing significant environmental challenges. Drought is therefore considered an important element in the management of water resources, especially groundwater resources during drought. This study therefore sought to investigate the rainfall variability and the frequency of drought for the period 1991 to 2020 in Bamako based on monthly rainfall data from Bamako-Senou gauge station. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) for 12-month, 6-month and 3-month timescales and the SPI for annual totals were used to characterized drought in the study area (Bamako). Univariate parametric probability distributions such as Normal, Log-normal, Gumbel type I and Pearson type III (P3) distributions were fitted with drought variables (severity and duration) for future planning and management. Non-parametric test such as Mann-Kendall trend test was also used to detect trend in annual rainfall data. The results showed that based on 12-month SPI, Bamako experienced two (02) extreme droughts one in July 2002 (SPI = -2.2165) and another in June 2015 (SPI = -2.0598 QUOTE SPI=-2.0598 ). Drought years represented 46.67% for the overall periods according to the SPI for annual totals. The result further indicated that based on the goodness of fit test, the P3 distribution represents the best fitted distribution to both drought severity and duration over Bamako. Bamako is expected to experience several severe severities with higher and shorter duration in the future. Severities with 1, 2, 6, and 10-month duration had return periods ranged from 2.4 to 3.8 years, while 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods had 18.51, 26.08, 33.25, 35.50, 42.38, and 49.14 severities, respectively, and durations associated to these severities were 19.8, 26.9, 33.5, 35.6, 42, and 48.2 months, resp

关键词： Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Rainfall Variability Univariate Proba-bility Distribution Drought Bamako

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Investigation into Recent Temperature and Rainfall Trends in Mali Using Mann-Kendall Trend Test: Case Study of Bamako

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 155-172页

作者： Alikalifa Sanogo Roland Songotu Kabange Prince Appiah Owusu bakary issa djire Racheal Fosu Donkoh Nasser Dia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematical Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA

Rainfall and temperature variability analysis is important for researchers and policy formulators in making critical decisions on water availability and use in communities. The Western Sahel, which comprises Mali is considered as one of the vulnerable regions to climate change, and also encountered the challenges of climatic shocks such as flood and drought. This research therefore sought to investigate climate change effects on hydrological events and trends in Sahelian rainfall intensity using Bamako (Mali) as a case study from 1991 to 2020, as limited data availability did not allow an extended period of study. Monthly observed data provided by MALI-METEO was used to validate daily rainfalls data from African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 (ARC2) satellite-based rainfall product on monthly basis. The validated model performance used Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBAIS) and gave results of 0.904 and 1.0506 respectively. Trends in annual maximum temperatures and rainfalls were analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test. The result indicated that the trend in annual maximum rainfalls was decreasing, while annual total rainfall was increasing but not significant at 5% significance level. The rate of increase in annual total rainfalls was 0.475 mm/year according to the observed annual rainfall series and decreased to 0.68 mm/year in annual maximum. The analysis further found that annual maximum temperatures were increasing at the rate of 0.03°C/year at 5% significance level. To provide more accurate climate predictions, it is recommended that further studies on rainfall and temperature with data sets spanning 60 - 90 years be carried out.

关键词： Sahel Countries Bamako Recent Trends Mann-Kendall Trend Test Climate Change

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Badnaviruses Infecting Banana in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 120-141页

作者： bakary Ouattara Drissa Sérémé Léon Wêndé-M’Minèré Nitiema issa Wonni Kadidia Koita Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosciences Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Badnaviruses are serious plant pararetroviruses affecting banana and causes serious economic losses to banana production worldwide. This study aims to examine the variability of BSV and SCBV nature infecting banana in Burkina Faso. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) used the Badna FP/RP specific primers for the RT/RNase H regions present in badnaviruses. The PCR yielded about 579 bp amplicons from banana infected by BSV and SCBV. The 38 BSV isolates recorded low nucleotide identity ranging from 58.9% - 98.1%. Based on percentage nucleotide sequence identity and phylogenetic analyse, BSV isolates were categorized into four groups: 1, 2, 3 and 4. Group 4 shared 76.9% - 100% identity with BSOL species. However, Groups 1 and 3 recorded a low identity ranging, from 76.8% - 79.2%, 68.8% - 79.7% with BSCV, and 72.8% - 79.0% between Group 2 and BSOLV. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were assigned to a potentially new BSV species. The two SCBV isolates recorded a low nucleotide identity of 68% among themselves indicating high diversity. In addition, SCBV_Cd and SCBV_CE showed high nucleotide identity 91.3% and 58.7% with SCBV_C and SCBV, when they were compared to all published SCBV genotypes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of SCBV isolates into two genotypes, SCBV_Cd in C and SCBV_CE segregated in a new genotype namely Z. Recombination analyses showed weak signatures of recombination among some of the BSV and SCBV sequences.

关键词： Banana Streak Virus Sugarcane Baciliform Virus RT/RNase H Polymerase Chain Reaction Diversity

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Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Badnavirus in the Banana (Musa spp) Major Growing Areas in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 427-447页

作者： bakary Ouattara Drissa Sérémé Moustapha Koala Léon Wêndé-m’minèré Nitiéma Kadidia Koïta Emmanuel Kaboré issa Wonni Laboratoire de Protection et Défense des Cultures Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosciences Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’horticulture Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Banana streak virus (BSV) and Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) are two badnaviruses commonly found in all banana growing areas of the world. It is a threat to the production and improvement of Musa germplasm. In Burkina Faso, the presence of badnaviruses was reported in banana producing regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BSV and SCBV in banana production areas of Burkina Faso. A survey followed by a symptomatologic study was conducted in banana plantations in 27 localities of the nine main banana producing regions from July to October 2018 and September to December 2020. In all, 251 leaf samples were collected and analysed for BSV and SCBV infection by Indirect Antigen Coated Plate Assay-ELISA followed by amplification of the RT/RNase H region using Polymerase chain reaction with Badna FP/RP and SCBV F/R primers, respectively. A variety of symptoms were observed on almost all plant organs which were revealed due to BSV by symptomatologic study. The results of serological and molecular diagnosis revealed a high overall prevalence of BSV in 80.48% of the samples tested. BSV was distributed in seven survey regions out of nine with prevalence ranging from 10% to 100% in North, Centre, Centre West, Hauts Bassins, Cascades, Centre East and Boucle of Mouhoun regions. Very low prevalence was recorded for SCBV in Cascades and East Centre region with 4.35 and 12.5%, respectively. Species detection using specific primers to each species revealed three main species: Banana streak Obino l’ewaï virus (BSOLV), Goldfinger virus (BSGFV) and Imové virus (BSIMV) in the samples tested, respectively in the proportions of 23%, 8% and 0.8%. Co-infection between BSV species was also detected.

关键词： Banana Streak Virus Sugarcane Bacilliform Virus Indirect Antigen Coated Plate Assay Polymerase Chain Reaction Musa spp

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Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Genital Prolapse at Hôpital du Mali about 100 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第1期13卷 121-132页

作者： Mamadou bakary Coulibaly Mody Abdoulaye Camara Alassane Traoré Mamadou Keïta Bourama Kané Abdramane Togo issa Ongoiba Kalba Tembiné Amadou Sidibé Baba Fané Ibrahima Tégueté Youssouf Traoré Gynecology Department of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Referral Health Center of Commune VI of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Pediatrics Department of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Biomedical Department of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology Obstetrics UTH Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

To study the epidemio-clinical aspects, and the therapeutic attitudes of genital prolapse (GP) in the gynecology department of Hôpital du Mali (HDM). This is a descriptive retro-prospective study over five (5) years from January 2015 to December 2019, conducted in the gynecology department of HDM. We had collected 100 cases of GP out of 989 surgeries, with a frequency of 9.89%. The age group of 60 years and over accounted for 33% of our patients, with a mean age of 50 years. Multiparous were the most affected (89%). The notion of obstructed labor was observed in 52% of patients. The most found reason for consultation was the feeling of lump in a vagina, with 65%. Grade III according to BADEN-WALKER classification system (BWCS) concerned 72% of our patients. Triple perineal surgery and hysterectomy involved 56% of our patients. Spinal anesthesia was performed in 96% of cases. Per and postoperative complications were dominated by urinary retention in 4% and by infection of the surgical site in 2%. The average hospital stay was 3.2 days. We recorded 88% of satisfied patients after the intervention. No deaths were recorded during the study. The management of genital prolapse remains essentially surgical;it requires a semiological analysis and a mastery of the surgical technique.

关键词： Genital Prolapse Therapeutic Attitudes Hôpital du Mali

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Fournier’s Gangrene in a Child Hospitalised in the Paediatric Emergency Department of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第2期13卷 214-219页

作者： Dembélé Adama Cissé Mohamed Elmouloud Togo Pierre Tall Koureissi Maïga Belco Keïta Djeneba Doumbia Abdoul Karim Coulibaly Oumar issa Amadou Ahamadou Ibrahim Coulibaly bakary Traoré Kalirou Togo Boubacar Department of Paediatrics Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Bamako Dermatological Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Paediatric Surgery Bamako Mali

Fournier’s gangrene is a form of necrotizing fasciitis that has multiple causes and is relatively uncommon in children. We report a case of Fournier’s gangrene of infectious origin in a 12-month-old infant following... 详细信息

关键词： Pediatrics Infant Fournier’s Gangrene Insect Bite

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Uterine Leiomyomas Surgery: Assessment of Five Years in the Gynecology Department of Hôpital du Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第9期11卷 1161-1171页

作者： Mamadou bakary Coulibaly Alassane Traoré Mody Abdoulaye Camara Adama Sangaré issa Ongoiba Mamadou Keïta Kalba Tembine Amadou Sidibé Ibrahim Teguete Youssouf Traore Service of Gynecology of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Service of Medical Imaging of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Gynecology-Obstetrics Unit of Referral Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali Service of Anesthesia and Resuscitation of Hô pital du Mali Bamako Mali Service of Gynecology-Obstetrics Chu Gabriel Toure Bamako Mali

Uterine leiomyomas (myomas) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. They affect 20% to 25% of women of childbearing age and are 3 to 9 times more common in black women. We initiated this study in order to report the socio-demographic aspects and the indications for leiomyomas surgery at Hôpital du Mali. This was a retro-prospective descriptive study, conducted in the gynecology department of Hôpital du Mali from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Any patients, regardless of their age, in whom a leiomyomas had been detected and surgically treated were included. We had collected 180 cases of surgery for leiomyomas out of 950 surgical procedures, with a frequency of 18.94%. The 36 - 45 age group represented 45% of our patients with an average age of 35 years. Nulligravida

关键词： Uterine Leiomyomas Surgery Hôpital du Mali

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The Polytraumatized in the Emergency Hosting Service and the Service of Resuscitation Gabriel TouréMali

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Surgical Science 2018年第4期9卷 157-163页

作者： Diop Thierno Madane Magane Moustapha issa Almeimoune Abdoulhamidou Dembélé AlajiSeidou Dabo Aminata Ouattara Kassoum Dembélé bakary Tientigui Traoré Alhassane Togo Adegné Diango Mahamane Djibo Department Anesthesia-Intensive Care and Emergency Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali Anesthesia Department Ophthalmological Institute West African University Hospital Bamako Mali General Surgery Department Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali

Summary: Polytrauma is the leading cause of death in the under-40 population. They are accompanied by major morbidity with severe sequelae. The polytraumatized is defined as a serious trauma with several bodily injuries, at least one of which is life-threatening in the very short term. The initial hospital care must not barely delay and directly affect the prognosis. In developing countries, the absence of pre-hospital medicine means that mortality is still very high, which leads us to initiate this work, which aims to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of polytrauma in emergency and in resuscitation of Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study that took place over a period of ten (10) months from February to November 2016. We included all patients received for polytrauma emergency hosting service. The data were collected using a surveycard. Results: During our study period, we collected a total of 200 polytraumatized cases out of a total of 16,141 patients admitted to the emergency hosting service, a prevalence of 1.3%. The age group of 20 - 29 years was the most represented with average age of 32.39 years. The male sex was predominant with 65% with a sex ratio of 1.9. The students were the most represented with 24%. The trauma occurred at 22.5% between 8:00 and 12:00 am, the public road was the main place of the trauma with 57.5% of the cases. Two-wheeled vehicles were involved in the accident in 68.9% of cases. The delay between trauma and admission was minus 6 hours in 70.5% of cases, 15.5% had a Glasgow lessthan 8% and 44.5% PAS Conclusion: The polytrauma is clinical situation putting the patients vital prognosis at stake. The haemorrhage is the origin of the student mortality. The installation of rigorous diagnostic system and a pre-hospital medicine will reduce the morbi-mortality.

关键词： Polytraumatized Emergency Resuscitation Bamako Mali

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Evisceration of the Small Bowel in the Vagina Following Endo-Uterine Maneuvers for Clandestine Abortion (APC) at CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali

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Surgical Science 2018年第4期9卷 148-152页

作者： Dabo Aminata Diop Thierno Madane Dembélé bakary Tientigui Coulibaly Mahamadoun Doumbia Arouna Manganémoustapha issa Abdoul Hamidou Almeimoune Traoré Alhassane Togo Adégné Téguété Ibrahima Django Djibo Mahamane Diallo Gangaly Universal Resuscitation Service at Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali General Surgery Service of CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Obstetric Gynecologyof CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Intra-uterine manual aspiration is the recommended maneuver for abortive endo-uterine evacuation. It must be performed in a medical setting for therapeutic purposes, while respecting its contraindications and asepsis rules essential for its implementation. The ignorance of anatomical structures by the authors of clandestine abortions is marked by the presence of utero-adnexal lesions, digestive lesions and vesical lesions or evisceration by the vagina. Vaginal evisceration of the small bowel is a rare and serious complication of manual intrauterine aspirations and induced abortions. Their late diagnosis and clandestine practice are responsible for unpredictable severe secondary complications and remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The development of a policy of continuous training of agents on the technique of manual intrauterine aspiration, broad information on contraceptive methods and a multidisciplinary, rapid and adequate management of complications will provide minimum morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Abortion is a serious source of life-threatening complications.

关键词： Evisceration Abortion Surgery Mali

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Blows and Voluntary Wounds of the Emergency Unite in Gabriel Toure Teaching Hospital in Bamako

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Surgical Science 2018年第9期9卷 334-343页

作者： Mangané Moustapha Diop Thierno Madane Almeimoune Abdoul Hamidou Keita Soumaila Dembelé Aladji Seydou Youssouf Sogoba Konaté Madiassa Koita Siriman Traoré Amadou issa Amadou Badimi Siaka Abdoulaye Kanté Diallo Sadio Sangaré Harouna Dembelé bakary Tientigui Togo Adegné Diango Djibo Mahamane Department of Anesthesiology and ICU H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery H&#244 pital du Point G Bamako Mali Department of Anesthesiology H&#244 pital IOTA Bamako Mali Department of Neurosurgery H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Anesthesiology and ICU H&#244 pital Mère-Enfant Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: Voluntary assault and injuries are acts that damage the physical and psychological integrity of a human being. WHO in its global report on violence and health estimates that in 2000, 1.6 million people worldwide died as a result of self-harm, interpersonal or collective violence, resulting in an overall rate adjusted by age of 28.8 per 100,000 population. Because of the seriousness of this phenomenon and the heavy socio-economic and health consequences that they generate, it seemed important to us to undertake this study, which aimed to study the deliberate injuries in the emergency unite of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako. Material and methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a prospective study from September 1st, 2016 to August 31st, 12 months, covering 295 patients, including any patient received for voluntary injury consultation with a workable medical record and/or a full investigation record with or without requisition. Our data were collected on individual survey cards and subsequently analyzed with Word, Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. Results: The majority of victims of assault and bodily injury were male with 83.1%;with a sex ratio of 4.9, the 18 to 28 age group was the most concerned with 163 cases of the 295 cases in our study, 55.2%. The extremes were 6 and 100 years old with an ectype at 11.08. The most affected ethnic group was Bambara with 38.6% (n = 114) followed by Fulani with 15.6% (n = 46). Students were the most affected at 24.7% (n = 73), followed by traders at 10%. The victims coming from outside Bamako are the most predominant with 22.4% (n = 66) followed by those of commune IV of Bamako 15.6% (n = 46). In 92.2% of the cases the mechanism was direct with n = 272. Of the lesions recorded in our study, wounds came first with 53.2% of cases. Radiography was the most used imaging at 44.7% (n = 89) followed by computed tomography at 34.7% (n = 69). The hemoperitoneum objectified by abdominal ultrasound represented 29.3% (n = 12). Fractu

关键词： Blows Wounds EU Gabriel Touré University Hospital

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