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A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第1期15卷 46-67页

作者： Md Tanvir ALAM baiqian dai Xiaojiang WU Andrew HOADLEY Lian ZHANG Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria 3800Australia R&D Division Shanghai Boiler Works Co.Ltd.Shanghai 200245China

Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation ***,the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash *** formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called *** is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace,gasifier,or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate,and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon,causes mechanical failure,high-temperature corrosion and on occasions,superheater *** improve the gasifier/combustor facility,it is very important to understand the key ash properties,slag characteristics,viscosity and critical viscosity *** paper reviews the content,compositions,and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass,and discusses the formation mechanism,characteristics,and structure of *** particular,this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention ***,it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential ***,it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels,and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag *** review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal,and especially biomass ashes,even if they are limited to a particular composition ***,there is a critical need for the development of an index,or a model or even a measurement method,which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank co

关键词： slag viscosity biomass low-rank coal combustion gasification

Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 from coal fly ash produced by gasification and its application as adsorbent for removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from water

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 518-527页

作者： Yixin Zhang Lu Zhou Liqing Chen Yang Guo Fanhui Guo Jianjun Wu baiqian dai National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Chemistry Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia

The coal fly ash produced by gasification is estimated to be over 80 million ton per year in China by *** has mainly been disposed as solid waste by *** is lack of study focused on its *** this paper,the coal fly ash produced by gasification was at first analyzed and then applied to synthesize zeolite as an *** effects of synthesis conditions on the cation exchange capacity(CEC)of zeolite were *** results from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope indicated that the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite is the most important factor to affect the *** the synthesized zeolite with the highest CEC(275.5 meq/100 g)was used for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution,the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(Ⅵ) was found to be 17.924 mg/*** effects of pH,contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) were also *** adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be well described by the pseudo-secondorder model and Langmuir isotherm model,respectively.

关键词： coal fly ash gasification zeolite Na-P1 chromium(Ⅵ)

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高碱煤燃烧过程中灰中主要元素的迁移规律

动力工程学报 2014年第6期34卷 438-442页

作者：代百乾乌晓江张忠孝上海理工大学环境与建筑学院上海200093 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院上海200240

针对我国新疆高碱煤燃烧过程中的强沾污、结渣特性,对某300MW亚临界高碱煤锅炉炉内各受热面的沾污灰样进行了XRF和SEM-EDX分析.结果表明:在800~1 100℃烟气温度区间内,灰样中CaO、MgO和SO3的质量分数较高;当烟气温度降低至600~800℃时,... 详细信息

针对我国新疆高碱煤燃烧过程中的强沾污、结渣特性,对某300MW亚临界高碱煤锅炉炉内各受热面的沾污灰样进行了XRF和SEM-EDX分析.结果表明:在800~1 100℃烟气温度区间内,灰样中CaO、MgO和SO3的质量分数较高;当烟气温度降低至600~800℃时,灰样中Na2O、Fe2O3和SO3的质量分数较高,Na2SO4、CaSO4和NaFeSO4等物质是导致高碱煤燃烧过程中高温对流受热面发生严重沾污的主要原因;669~915℃烟气温度区间内的灰样发生初始熔融的温度及其所对应的液相质量分数要高于其他部位的灰样;灰样C颗粒表面附着粒径为2~4μm的富含Na、S的Na2SO4等颗粒,而钠的硫酸盐在高温下具有较高的黏性和较低的熔点,这是导致该温度下发生严重沾污的主要原因之一.

关键词：高碱煤沾污特性碱金属灰熔融特性

Near-field wideband beam training for ELAA with uniform circular array

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 370-383页

作者： Yuhao CHEN Linglong dai Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)

Extremely large-scale antenna array(ELAA) at millimeter wave(mmWave) and Terahertz(THz)band has been considered a key technology for combating high attenuation in high-frequency bands in future6G communications. Uniform circular arrays(UCAs) have attracted much attention because of their ability to provide flat beamforming gain at all angles. To realize efficient beamforming, beam training is widely used to acquire channel state information. However, with a large antenna number, the beam training overhead in ELAA systems becomes overwhelming. Moreover, with a large bandwidth, the beam defocus effect severely degrades beam training accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a frequency-dependent focusing(FDF)-based beam training scheme to realize effective beam training in near-field wideband ELAA systems with UCA. Specifically, we first analyze the FDF property of UCA, where signals at different subcarriers can simultaneously focus on different distances. Then, by exploiting the FDF property to search different distances using different subcarriers simultaneously, we design a hierarchical codebook and propose an FDFbased beam training scheme. To reveal the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we compare its necessary beam training overhead with that of existing schemes. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve accurate beam training in near-field wideband UCA systems with a low beam training overhead.

关键词： extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) uniform circular array (UCA) near-field wideband beam training

Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 163-178页

作者： Wu Houli Guo Endong Wang Jingyi dai Xin dai Chenxi Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake AdministrationHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Ministry of Emergency ManagementHarbin 150080China

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much *** paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame *** material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic *** response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical *** acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are *** results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

关键词： water supply pipe different materials shaking table test amplification factor seismic fragility

Biohythane production from two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 334-349页

作者： Xiaona An Ying Xu Xiaohu dai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The biotransformation of food waste(FW)to bioenergy has attracted considerable research attention as a means to address the energy crisis and waste disposal *** this end,a promising technique is two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD),in which the FW is transformed to biohythane,a gaseous mixture of biomethane and *** review summarises the main characteristics of FW and describes the basic principle of ***,the factors influencing the TSAD performance are identified,and an overview of the research status;economic aspects;and strategies such as pre-treatment,co-digestion,and regulation of microbial consortia to increase the biohythane yield from TSAD is ***,the challenges and future considerations associated with the treatment of FW by TSAD are *** paper can provide valuable reference for the improvement and widespread implementation of TSAD-based FW treatment.

关键词： Two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD) Food waste(FW) Methane production Hydrogen production

State of the art of lightweight aggregates used in lightweight refractories for working lining of high-temperature furnaces

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1320-1343页

作者： Wei Zhang Wen-yong dai Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina Research and Development Department AGC Plibrico(Dalian)Industries Inc.Dalian 116600LiaoningChina

Lightweight refractories for the working lining of high-temperature furnaces play an important role in the smelting of advanced steels and *** prepare lightweight refractories for the working lining of high-temperature furnaces,the synthesis of lightweight aggregates is the ***,the research on the synthesis of lightweight aggregates with high service temperature,low thermal conductivity,high strength,and good slag resistance has received widespread *** available literature on the synthesis of lightweight aggregates was summarized,including corundum,mullite,mullite-corundum,spinel,corundum-spinel,cordierite,cordierite-mullite,calcium hexaluminate,corundum-calcium hexaluminate,bauxite,magnesia,magnesia-based,and forsterite-based ***,the future development trend of lightweight aggregates was proposed.

关键词： Lightweight aggregate Lightweight refractory Working lining Apparent porosity Closed porosity Thermal conductivity Pore-forming approach

Impacts of external forcing and internal variability on the North Atlantic multidecadal variations since 1950

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2699-2701页

作者： Wenjian HUA Aiguo dai Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanyState University of New YorkAlbany 12222USA

The physical formation mechanisms of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability(AMV)in the context of global warming have been a key research topic(Vecchi et al.,2017).The conventional view is that the AMV is mainly driven by internal dynamics within the climate system,especially in the Atlantic Ocean(Zhang et al.,2019).However,some studies suggest that decadal to multidecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST)since around 1950 are related to anthropogenic and natural aerosol emissions(Otter?et al.,2010;Booth et al.,2012;Hua et al.,2019).

关键词： Atlantic decadal forcing

On-demand molecular design for efficient blue phosphorescence

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2124-2126页

作者： Meiqi dai Dongpeng Yan Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Blue luminescence(including both fluorescence and phosphorescence)is one of the core elements in solid-state lighting and full-color *** to now,ultralong room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)with a long lifetime over 0.1 s has been continuously *** ultralong phosphorescence emission bands are in the region of 500 to600 ***,high-energy blue phosphorescence remains an immense challenge[1].

关键词： blue lifetime bands