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缝制中缝纫机针温的计算方法

国外纺织技术(针织及纺织制品分册) 1982年第16期 26-30页

作者： s.simmons 陈贤根

本文所述的内容为计算在连续缝制的全部时间内,针杆部温度分布的数值解法。解析或数式化是由两个不同的要素,即针与布每周期一次在针布接点处连结这样一个缝制系统中来寻求的。这个接点还具有其它重要的特征,对于针表面而言,这个接点的... 详细信息

本文所述的内容为计算在连续缝制的全部时间内,针杆部温度分布的数值解法。解析或数式化是由两个不同的要素,即针与布每周期一次在针布接点处连结这样一个缝制系统中来寻求的。这个接点还具有其它重要的特征,对于针表面而言,这个接点的位置是时间的函数。同时,它是摩擦用功而产生的热源。热源通过针表面传入缝针,形成各种状态进行扩散。在确定物理条件的基础上,对于此类问题试用一般方法,求出其温度的数值,也即要考虑到针杆体积小的因

关键词：函数坯布原布针杆等价

structure and activity of thermophilic methanogenic microbial communities exposed to quaternary ammonium sanitizer

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2017年第6期29卷 164-168页

作者： Jesus D.Fernandez-Bayo Juliano Toniato Blake A.simmons Christopher W.simmons Department of Food science and Technology University of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Uniuersity of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA Joint BioEnergy Institute EmeryvilleCA 94608USA Biological and Engineering sciences Center Sandia National LaboratoriesLiuermoreCA 94551USA Energy Efficiency Center University of CaliforniaDauisCA 95616USA

Food processing facilities often use antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound （QAC） sanitizers to maintain cleanliness. These QACs can end up in wastewaters used as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of QAC contamination on biogas production and structure of microbial communities in thermo- philic digester sludge. Methane production and biogas quality data were analyzed in batch anaerobic digesters containing QAC at 0, 15, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L. Increasing sanitizer concentration in the bioreactors negatively impacted methane production rate and biogas quality. Microbial community composition data was obtained through 16s rRNA gene sequencing from the QAG-contaminated sludges. sequencing data showed no significant restructuring of the bacterial communities. However, significant restructuring was observed within the archaeal communities as QAC concentration increased. Further studies to confirm these effects on a larger scale and with a longer retention time are necessary.

关键词： Anaerobic digestionAntimicrobialsBiofuelsMicrobial ecologyWaste management

Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第1期6卷 49-52页

作者： Indaram AVK Nandi s Weissman s Lam s bailey B Blumstein M Greenberg R Bank s Division of Gastroenterology Long Island Jewish Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkUSA

AIM To determine levels of cytokines incolonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease *** Cytokines(Interleukin(IL)1-Beta,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)were measured using ELIsAin biopsy samples of normal looking colonicmucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn’sdisease patients(n = 9)and from normalcontrols(n = 10)with no family history ofCrohn’s *** Asymptomatic first degree relativesof patients with Crohn’s disease had significantlyhigher levels of basal intestinal mucosalcytokines(IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)than *** these increased cytokinelevels serve as phenotypic markers for a geneticpredisposition to developing Crohns diseaselater on,or whether they indicate early(pre-clinical)damage has yet to be further *** Asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients have higherlevels of cytokines in their normal-lookingintestinal mucosa compared to normal controls,This supports the hypothesis that increasedcytokines may be a cause or an early event inthe inflammatory cascade of Crohns disease andare not merely a result of the inflammatoryprocess.

关键词： subject headings crohns disease cytokine/analysis intestinal mucosa

Processing Compressed Expanded Natural Graphite for Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal science 2023年第3期32卷 1213-1226页

作者： Alexander BULK Adewale ODUKOMAIYA Ethan simmons Jason WOODs National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West ParkwayGoldenCO 80401USA

Phase change materials(PCMs)are used in various thermal energy storage applications but are limited by their low thermal *** method to increase conductivity involves impregnating organic PCMs into highly porous conductive matrix *** these materials,compressed expanded natural graphite(CENG)matrices have received the most *** this attention,the effect that CENG processing has on PCM saturation and overall matrix thermal conductivity has not been fully ***,the effect of the heat treatment process used to expand intercalated graphite flakes is evaluated *** heat treatment temperatures yielded higher saturation rates and overall saturation at similar matrix *** example,increasing temperature from 300℃to 700℃resulted in approximately 60%-70%increase in pore saturation after 100 minutes of *** exposure time to heat treatment had less of an effect on PCM *** exposure time had negligible effect above 30 min and above 500℃heating ***,because the expanded graphite was found to oxidize around 700℃,the use of longer exposure time in manufacturing applications can be beneficial if a shortened impregnation time is *** treatment conditions did not impact thermal *** composite latent heat of fusion was also reduced approximately proportionally to the PCM mass fraction.A local maximum in axial thermal conductivity was observed at around 83%porosity,which is similar to previous *** observed conductivity at this maximum was a factor of 81 times greater than the conductivity of the PCM.

关键词： phase change materials thermal energy storage compressed expanded natural graphite thermal conductivity enhancement porous material sorptivity composite matrix

Predicting Nitrogen status of Rice Using Multispectral Data at Canopy scale

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Pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 108-117页

作者： ZHANG Jin-Heng WANG Ke J. s. bailey WANG Ren-Chao College of Material and Environmental science Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042（China）. Institute of Agricultural Remote sensing＆Information system Application Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029（China） Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland Agricultural and Environmental Science Division gewforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX （UK）

Two field experiments were conducted in Jiashan and Yuhang towns of Zhejiang Province, China, to study the feasibility of predicting N status of rice using canopy spectral reflectance. The canopy spectral reflectance of rice grown with different levels of N inputs was determined at several important growth stages. statistical analyses showed that as a result of the different levels of N supply, there were significant differences in the N concentrations of canopy leaves at different growth stages. since spectral reflectance measurements showed that the N status of rice was related to reflectance in the visible and NIR (near-infrared) ranges, observations for rice in 1 nm bandwidths were then converted to bandwidths in the visible and NIR spectral regions with IKONOs (space imaging) bandwidths and vegetation indices being used to predict the N status of rice. The results indicated that canopy reflectance measurements converted to ratio vegetation index (RVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for simulated IKONOs bands provided a better prediction of rice N status than the reflectance measurements in the simulated IKONOs bands themselves. The precision of the developed regression models using RVI and NDVI proved to be very high with R2 ranging from 0.82 to 0.94, and when validated with experimental data from a different site, the results were satisfactory with R2 ranging from 0.55 to 0.70. Thus, the results showed that theoretically it should be possible to monitor N status using remotely sensed data.

关键词： canopy spectral reflectance, multispectral data, nitrogen status rice vegetation indices

Inundative field releases and evaluation of three predators for Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） management in three vegetable crops

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Insect science 2011年第2期18卷 195-202页

作者： Alvin M. simmons shaaban Abd-Rabou UsDA ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory Charleston South Carolina ARC PPRI Dokki Giza Egypt

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpunctata L. [Coleoptera： Coccinellidae]）, a common green lacewing predator （Chrysoperla carnea stephen [Neuroptera： Chrysopidae]）, and a mirid predator （Macrolophus caliginosus [Wagner] [Hemiptera： Miridae]） were independently made in three vegetable crops （cabbage [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.], cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], and squash [Cucurbita pepo L.]） for the management of the sweetpotato whitefly. Approximately 1 million to 2.5 million larvae or nymphs of each predator were released in the vegetable crops during 20 weeks. Whitefly populations were reduced by ≈ 25%-45% during most of the season in each crop where each predator was released. The effect of each predator was similar on whitefly population reduction. Late in the season （October） when whitefly populations were low, generally no benefit was obtained from releasing the predators. Numbers of predators recovered during sampling in all crops were greatest for C. carnea, but this corresponded with the fact that more individuals of this predator were released than any other predator in the experiment. These results help define the utility of these natural enemies for managing B. tabaci in vegetable crops.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Chrysoperla carnea Coccinella undecimpunctata Macrolophus caliginosus inundative release sweetpotato whitefly

Quantifying prosthetic gait deviation using simple outcome measures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第6期7卷 383-391页

作者： Lauren Kark Ross Odell Andrew s McIntosh Anne simmons Graduate school of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Australian Centre for Research into Injuryin sport and its Prevention Federation University

AIM:To develop a subset of simple outcome measures to quantify prosthetic gait deviation without needing three-dimensional gait analysis(3DGA).METHODs:Eight unilateral,transfemoral amputees and 12 unilateral,transtibial amputees were ***-eight able-bodied controls were *** participants underwent 3DGA,the timed-up-and-go test and the six-minute walk test(6MWT).The lowerlimb amputees also completed the Prosthesis Evaluation *** from 3DGA were summarised using the gait deviation index(GDI),which was subsequently regressed,using stepwise regression,against the other ***:step-length(sL),self-selected walking speed(ssWs) and the distance walked during the 6MWT(6MWD) were significantly correlated with *** 6MWD was the strongest,single predictor of the GDI,followed by sL and *** predictive ability of the regression equations were improved following inclusion of self-report data related to mobility and prosthetic ***:This study offers a practicable alternative to quantifying kinematic deviation without the need to conduct complete 3DGA.

关键词： Gait deviation Prosthesis Amputation Functional outcomes Regression Receiver operating characteristic curve

An Approach to Quantify the Heat Wave strength and Price a Heat Derivative for Risk Hedging

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2012年第1期29卷 1-9页

作者： samuel s. P.sHEN Benedikt KRAMPs shirley X.sUN Barbara bailey Department of Mathematics and statistics San Diego State University

Mitigating the heat stress via a derivative policy is a vital financial option for agricultural producers and other business sectors to strategically adapt to the climate change scenario. This study has provided an approach to identifying heat stress events and pricing the heat stress weather derivative due to persistent days of high surface air temperature （sAT）. Cooling degree days （CDD） are used as the weather index for trade. In this study, a call-option model was used as an example for calculating the price of the index. Two heat stress indices were developed to describe the severity and physical impact of heat waves. The daily Global Historical Climatology Network （GHCN-D） sAT data from 1901 to 2007 from the southern California, UsA, were used. A major California heat wave that occurred 20-25 October 1965 was studied. The derivative price was calculated based on the call-option model for both long-term station data and the interpolated grid point data at a regular 0.1~ x0.1~ latitude-longitude grid. The resulting comparison indicates that （a） the interpolated data can be used as reliable proxy to price the CDD and （b） a normal distribution model cannot always be used to reliably calculate the CDD price. In conclusion, the data, models, and procedures described in this study have potential application in hedging agricultural and other risks.

关键词： heat derivative price heat wave risk cooling degree day call option payoff southern California

Generation of rogue waves at model scale

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2019年第2期4卷 100-112页

作者： bailey Groves Nagi Abdussamie National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime CollegeUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia

The study of rogue waves is becoming increasingly important,as the offshore oil and gas,as well as renewable energy industries,*** unpredictability of such disastrous waves poses a significant risk to floating and fixed structures,making it necessary to develop methods capable of recreating rogue waves for model testing *** this paper,an investigation into the useability of the NewWave theory,a theoretical formula for producing focused waves,was conducted in model test facilities with a *** numerical modelling of rogue waves was performed using MATLAB codes developed to create several types of wave *** success of the numerical generation of design rogue waves was dependent on the number of wave components used during construction such that a suitable rogue wave(H max/H s>2.0)could be created using 400 or more *** was found that the NewWave technique could construct and physically generate design rogue waves within a close range of the predicted height provided the main wavemaker stroke was smooth enough(at around 0.8 s trough-crest for the tested model scale).The measured rogue waves were found to be complex;highly non-linear in amplitude with the behaviour of up to the 3rd ***,it was observed that rogue waves,created based on a 100-year sea state,were very similar to the New Year Wave confirming that such extreme waves,approximately 25-27 m high at full scale,can indeed occur in severe sea states.

关键词： Rogue waves Numerical modelling Design rogue waves Model testing New Year Wave