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Enlarged interlayer of separator coating enabling high-performance lithiumsulfur batteries

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-112页

作者： Yanqi Feng Hui liu Xiaoting liu Qiongqiong Lu School of Materials&Environment Engineering Chengdu Technological UniversityChengdu 611730China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor MaterialsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW) Dresden e.V.Dresden 01069Germany

Lithiumsulfur batteries have been intensively studied due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, their commercial application is hindered by the low redox kinetics and high sulfur losses. In principle, in the design of cathodes and separators, the adsorption toward lithium-polysulfides should be enhanced and the conversion of soluble high-order lithium-polysulfides should be catalyzed. Herein, a KV_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O separator is designed as an effective lithium-polysulfides mediator in lithiumsulfur batteries. The intercalated K+ would enlarge the interlayer spacing of vanadium oxides, preventing the collapse of the layer structure and improving the electrical/ion conductivity of the interface. Moreover, the KV_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O modified separator possess a prior adsorption and high redox kinetics toward lithium-polysulfides due to the enhanced diffusion kinetics, which guarantees the high-rate capability and efficient utilization of sulfur. As a result, lithiumsulfur batteries exhibit a high capacity of 1362 mAh·g^(-1) and a long lifespan with a low capacity loss of 0.073% per cycle. This work may provide an alternative way to establish a functional separator to balance the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides during the redox back and forth.

关键词： lithium kinetics adsorption

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Lattice Boltzmann simulation study of anode degradation in solid oxide fuel cells during the initial aging process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 405-411页

作者： Shixue liu Zhijing liu Shuxing Zhang Hao Wu Hydrogen Energy Industrial Technology Innovation Center China Nuclear Power Technology Research InstituteShenzhen 518031China Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Safety Shenzhen 518031China

For present solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),rapid performance degradation is observed in the initial aging process,and the dis-cussion of the degradation mechanism necessitates quantitative ***,focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy was em-ployed to characterize and reconstruct the ceramic microstructures of SOFC *** lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)simulation of multiphysical and electrochemical processes in the reconstructed models was *** samples collected from industrial-size cells were characterized,including a reduced reference cell and a cell with an initial aging *** parameters of the reconstructed microstructures revealed a significant decrease in the active triple-phase boundary and Ni connectivity in the aged cell compared with the reference *** LBM simulation revealed that activity degradation is dominant compared with microstructural degradation during the initial aging process,and the electrochemical reactions spread to the support layer in the aged *** microstructural and activity de-gradations are attributed to Ni migration and coarsening.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell anode degradation focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy lattice Boltzmann method

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Removal of Cr(Ⅵ)by glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan encapsulating microscale zero-valent iron:Synthesis,mechanism,and longevity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 115-128页

作者： Yijun Duan Fang liu Xiang liu Miao Li School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Transportation Institute of Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010070China

Microscale zero-valent iron(mZVI)has shown great potential for groundwater Cr(Ⅵ)***,low Cr(Ⅵ)removal capacity caused by passivation restricted the wide use of *** prepared mZVI/GCS by encapsulating mZVI in a porous glutaraldehydecrosslinked chitosan matrix,and the formation of the passivation layer was alleviated by reducing the contact between zero-valent iron *** average pore diameter of mZVI/GCS was 8.775 nm,which confirmed the mesoporous characteristic of this *** of batch experiments demonstrated that mZVI/GCS exhibited high Cr(Ⅵ)removal efficiency in a wide range of pH(2-10)and temperature(5-35℃).Common groundwater coexisting ions slightly affected m ZVI/*** material showed great reusability,and the average Cr(Ⅵ)removal efficiency was 90.41%during eight *** this study,we also conducted kinetics and isotherms ***-second-order model was the most matched kinetics *** Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption process was fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models,and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of m ZVI/GCS reached243.63 mg/g,which is higher than the adsorption capacities of materials reported in most of the previous ***,the column capacity for Cr(Ⅵ)removal of a mZVI/GCS-packed column was 6.4 times higher than that of a mZVI-packed column in a 50-day ***,mZVI/GCS with a porous structure effectively relieved passivation problems of mZVI and showed practical application prospects as groundwater Cr(Ⅵ)remediation material with practical application prospects.

关键词： Chitosan Glutaraldehyde mZVI Cr(Ⅵ) Groundwater

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A combinatorial synthesis method for identification of orally bioavailable cyclic peptide

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2429-2430页

作者： Zhenzhen liu Li liu Bo Tang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceKey Laboratory of Molecular and Nano ProbesMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of ShandongInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

Cyclic peptides are a type of polypeptide with macrocyclic structure formed by canonical and non-canonical amino *** to their rigid conformation and large surface area,cyclic peptides typically exhibit high binding affinity and specificity with target proteins,particularly those considered undruggable by traditional small molecule drugs,such as protein-protein interactions[1].Additionally,they are convenient to be chemical modified to improve the pharmacological or pharmacokinetic properties.

关键词： properties. canonical synthesis

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Towards cultivar-oriented gene discovery for better crops

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 670-675页

作者： Dengcai liu Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina

The continued expansion of the world population,increasingly inconsistent climate and shrinking agricultural resources present major challenges to crop ***,the increasing ability to discover and manipulate genes creates new opportunities to develop more productive and resilient *** genes have been described in papers as being beneficial for yield ***,few of them have been translated into increased yield on *** contrast,commercial breeders are facing gene decidophobia,i.e.,puzzled about which gene to choose for breeding among the many identified,a huge chasm between gene discovery and cultivar *** purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the shortfalls in current gene discovery research and to emphasise the need to align with cultivar *** methodology dictates that genetic studies not only focus on gene discovery but also pay good attention to the genetic backgrounds,experimental validation in relevant environments,appropriate crop management,and data *** close of the gaps should accelerate the application of molecular study in breeding and contribute to future global food security.

关键词： Cultivar innovation Data reusability Gene discovery Gene decidophobia Omnigenic model

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Breakdown of effective medium theory:A study of photonic spin Hall effect in deep-subwavelength all-dielectric multilayers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 173-174页

作者： Yongmin liu Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern UniversityBoston 02115USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBoston 02115USA

Effective medium theory(EMT)has been widely applied in material science,electromagnetics and photonics to determine the effective material properties for inhomogeneous composites comprising subwavelength *** versatility of this foundational approach has been established through its application in classical Maxwell-Garnet models,which encompass relatively simple structures。

关键词： composites theory dielectric

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Two-dimensional perovskite oxide high-κdielectric for high-performance phototransistors

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2001-2003页

作者： Zhongfan liu Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for NanocarbonsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation Beijing Graphene InstituteBeijing 100095China

Field-effect transistors are essential components of modern ***,the continued scaling of electronic and optoelectronic devices is bringing silicon-based technologies close to their physical limits,causing issues such as short-channel effects[1].Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors provide an attractive solution for transistors to extend Moore’s law because of their ultrathin thickness and immunity to short-channel effects[2].To fulfill the potential of 2D semiconductors,gate dielectrics need to be simultaneously engineered to build future 2D-material-based *** insulators with high dielectric constants(j)exhibit lower equivalent oxide thickness,which can ensure efficient gate control over channels and low gate leakage[3].Therefore,tremendous efforts have been made in searching for novel high-j dielectrics.

关键词： dielectric oxide dimensional

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A REFINEMENT OF THE SCHWARZ-PICK ESTIMATES AND THE CARATHéODORY METRIC IN SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第4期44卷 1337-1346页

作者： Xiaosong liu Taishun liu School of Mathematics and Statistics Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China Department of Mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China

In this article,we first establish an asymptotically sharp result on the higher order Fréchet derivatives for bounded holomorphic mappings f(x)=f(0)+∞∑s=1Dskf(0)(x^(sk))/(sk)!:B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_X is the unit ball of *** next give a sharp result on the first order Fréchet derivative for bounded holomorphic mappings F(X)=F(0+)∞∑s=KD^(s)f(0)(x^(8)/s!):B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_(X)is the unit ball of *** results that we derive include some results in several complex variables,and extend the classical result in one complex variable to several complex variables.

关键词： refined Schwarz-Pick estimate bounded holomorphic mapping Carathéodory metric first order Fréchet derivative higher order Fréchet derivatives

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Foundation models meet visualizations: Challenges andopportunities

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 399-424页

作者： Weikai Yang Mengchen liu Zheng Wang Shixia liu School of Software Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Microsoft Redmond 98052USA

Recent studies have indicated that foundation models, such as BERT and GPT, excel atadapting to various downstream tasks. This adaptability has made them a dominant force in buildingartiﬁcial intelligence (AI) systems. Moreover, a newresearch paradigm has emerged as visualizationtechniques are incorporated into these models. Thisstudy divides these intersections into two researchareas: visualization for foundation model (VIS4FM)and foundation model for visualization (FM4VIS).In terms of VIS4FM, we explore the primary roleof visualizations in understanding, reﬁning, and evaluating these intricate foundation models. VIS4FMaddresses the pressing need for transparency, explainability, fairness, and robustness. Conversely, in termsof FM4VIS, we highlight how foundation models canbe used to advance the visualization ﬁeld itself. Theintersection of foundation models with visualizations ispromising but also introduces a set of challenges. Byhighlighting these challenges and promising opportunities, this study aims to provide a starting point forthe continued exploration of this research avenue.

关键词： visualization artiﬁcial intelligence(AI) machine learning foundation models visualization for foundation model(VIS4FM) foundation model for visualization(FM4VIS)

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Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization based on a modified irreversible Stirling cycle

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1668-1684页

作者： XU Lei YU MinJie liu ZhiChun liu Wei School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

The efficiency of the actual Stirling engine is much lower than the ideal Carnot cycle *** obtain more precise efficiency for Stirling engines,this paper proposes a modified Stirling cycle with a more accurate heat transfer process in Stirling engines based on a thermodynamic function called available *** finite-time thermodynamic method is used to analyze the model performance under constant heat source temperature,finite temperature difference heat transfer,and incomplete regenerative processes.A new polytropic process is introduced to model the heat transfer between the working fluid and external heat sources in which only heat above ambient temperature is converted into technical *** regenerator is divided into numerous smaller heat reservoirs with individual temperature to analyze the incomplete regenerative *** expressions of the output power and thermal efficiency are obtained based on the modified irreversible Stirling cycle,and the effects of irreversible losses are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed *** indicate that the efficiency of the modified cycle is much lower than that of the ideal Stirling cycle with an isothermal *** the increase of the average heat transfer temperature difference,there exists an optimum value for the power of the irreversible *** optimum power of the model was obtained for varying thermodynamic parameters by optimizing the average heat transfer temperature difference between the hot and cold *** optimize the irreversible model,the multi-objective optimization analysis is carried out based on NSGA-Ⅱ,which results in an optimized output power of 40.87 kW and an optimized thermal efficiency of 44%.

关键词： stirling cycle regenerative processes isopotential processes multi-objective optimization finite time thermodynamics

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