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Experimental study on the mechanism of flow blockage formation in fast reactor

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第6期34卷 171-182页

作者： Wen-Hui Jin Song-bai cheng Xiao-Xing liu Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai519082China

Various sources of solid particles might exist in the coolant flow of a liquid metal cooled fast reactor(e.g.,through chemical interaction between the coolant and impurities,air,or water,through corrosion of structural materials,or from damaged/molten fuel).Such particles may cause flow blockage accidents in a fuel assembly,resulting in a reduction in coolant flow,which potentially causes a local temperature rise in the fuel cladding,cladding failure,and fuel melt.To understand the blockage formation mechanism,in this study,a series of simulated experiments was conducted by releasing different solid particles from a release device into a reducer pipe using gravity.Through detailed analyses,the influence of various experimental parameters(e.g.,particle diameter,capacity,shape,and static friction coefficient,and the diameter and height of the particle release nozzle)on the blockage characteristics(i.e.,blockage probability and position)was examined.Under the current range of experimental conditions,the blockage was significantly influenced by the aforementioned parameters.The ratio between the particle diameter and outlet size of the reducer pipe might be one of the determining factors governing the occurrence of blockage.Specifically,increasing the ratio enhanced blockage(i.e.,larger probability and higher position within the reducer pipe).Increasing the particle size,particle capacity,particle static friction coefficient,and particle release nozzle diameter led to a rise in the blockage probability;however,increasing the particle release nozzle height had a downward influence on the blockage probability.Finally,blockage was more likely to occur in non-spherical particles case than that of spherical particles.This study provides a large experimental database to promote an understanding of the flow blockage mechanism and improve the validation process of fast reactor safety analysis codes.

关键词： Liquid metal cooled fast reactor Flow blockage Granular jamming Experimental study

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A model for simulation of recrystallization microstructure in single-crystal superalloy

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Rare Metals 2018年第12期37卷 1027-1034页

作者： Run-Nan Wang Qing-Yan Xu Bai-Cheng Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (MOE) School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

In the present investigation, a coupled crystal plasticity finite-element(CPFE) and cellular automaton(CA) model was developed to predict the microstructure of recrystallization in single-crystal(SX) Ni-based superalloy.The quasi-static compressive tests of [001] orientated SX DD6 superalloy were conducted on Gleeble3500 tester to calibrate the CPFE model based on crystal slip kinematics.The simulated stress-strain curve agrees well with the experimental results. Quantitative deformation amount was introduced in the deformed samples of simulation and experiment, and these samples were subsequently subjected to the standard solution heat treatment(SSHT).Results of CA simulation show that the recrystallization(RX) nucleation tends to occur at the third stage of SSHT process due to the high critical temperature of RX nucleation for the samples deformed at room temperature. The inhomogeneous RX grains gradually coarsen and compete to reach more stable status by reducing the system energy.Simulated RX grain density decreases from 7.500 to1.875 mm,agreeing well with the value of 1.920 mmfrom electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) detection of the experimental sample.

关键词： Recrystallization Single crystal Crystal plasticity Cellular automaton Microstructure

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Connecting Calcium-Based Nanomaterials and Cancer:From Diagnosis to Therapy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第9期14卷 95-131页

作者： Shuang bai Yulu Lan Shiying Fu Hongwei cheng Zhixiang Lu Gang liu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology Innovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102

As the indispensable second cellular messenger,calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of almost all physiological processes by activating specific target proteins.The importance of calcium ions(Ca^(2+))makes its“Janus nature”strictly regulated by its concentration.Abnormal regulation of calcium signals may cause some diseases;however,artificial regulation of calcium homeostasis in local lesions may also play a therapeutic role.“Calcium overload,”for example,is characterized by excessive enrichment of intracellular Ca^(2+),which irreversibly switches calcium signaling from“positive regulation”to“reverse destruction,”leading to cell death.However,this undesirable death could be defined as“calcicoptosis”to offer a novel approach for cancer treatment.Indeed,Ca^(2+)is involved in various cancer diagnostic and therapeutic events,including calcium overload-induced calcium homeostasis disorder,calcium channels dysregulation,mitochondrial dysfunction,calcium-associated immunoregulation,cell/vascular/tumor calcification,and calcification-mediated CT imaging.In paral-lel,the development of multifunctional calcium-based nanomaterials(e.g.,calcium phosphate,calcium carbonate,calcium peroxide,and hydroxyapatite)is becoming abundantly available.This review will highlight the latest insights of the calcium-based nanomaterials,explain their application,and provide novel perspective.Identifying and characterizing new patterns of calcium-dependent signaling and exploiting the disease element linkage offer additional translational opportunities for cancer theranostics.

关键词： Calcium-based nanomaterials Cancer therapy Calcium signaling Tumor calcification Theranostics

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Simulation of the Dendrite Morphology and Microsegregation in Solidification of Al–Cu–Mg Aluminum Alloys

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第2期28卷 173-181页

作者： Rui Chen Qing-Yan Xu Bai-Cheng Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

Since most typical alloys in industrial applications are multicomponent with three or more components, and various CA models proposed in the past mainly focus on the binary alloys, a two-dimensional modified cellular automaton model allowing for the quantitatively predicting dendrite growth of multicomponent alloys in the low P6clet number regime is presented. The elimination of the mesh-induced anisotropy is achieved by adopting a modified virtual front tracking method. A new efficient method based on the lever rule is applied to calculate the solid fraction increment of the interfacial cells. The thermodynamic data such as liquidus temperature, the partition coefficients, and the slope of liquidus surface, needed for determining the dynamics of dendrite growth, are obtained by coupling with PanEngine. This model is applied to simulate the dendrite morphology and microsegregation of A1-Cu-Mg temary alloy both for single and multi- dendrites growth. The simulated results demonstrate that the difference of the concentration distribution profiles ahead of the dendrite tip for each alloying element mainly results from the different partition coefficients and solute diffusion coefficients. Comparison with the prediction of analytical model is carded out and it reveals the correctness of the model. Consequently, the difference in interdendritic microsegregation behavior of different components is analyzed.

关键词： Cellular automaton Multicomponent Dendrite growth Microsegregation

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Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2023年第4期21卷 279-291页

作者： ZHAO Lixia cheng Ju liu Di GONG Hongxia bai Decheng SUN Wei Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Nursing Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine Ministry of EducationGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000China Institute of Genetics School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key laboratory of Evidence Science Techniques Research and Application of Gansu Province Gansu University of Political Science and LawLanzhou 730000China School of Basic Medical Sciences Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000China Department of Cardiac Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition

关键词： Potentilla anserina L. Cadmium MG53 RISK pathway Oxidative stress Apoptosis Polysaccharide

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Numerical simulation of macrosegregation during solidification of binary alloys

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Rare Metals 2016年第8期35卷 591-597页

作者： Wu-Tao Tu Hou-Fa Shen Bai-Cheng Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

Macrosegregation as a consequence of solidifi- cation of a binary Pb-48 wt% Sn alloy in two-dimensional rectangle cavity was investigated by two-phase model instead of the common used continuum model. The macroscopic transport of mass, momentum, species and energy was cou- pled with the microscopic descriptions of grain nucleation and growth. The mathematic equations of the two-phase model were discretized on staggered grids and solved by the finite volume method. The final tin concentrations along different heights over the bottom face were compared with the ex- periment measurements. Simulations with different mi- crostructure parameters （second dendrite arm spacing （SDAS）） were conducted to ascertain the influence of microstructure on the final macrosegregation. The results show that with the decrease in SDAS value, the drag force as the resistance to relative motion between solid and liquid phase increases, and the macrosegregation during solidification is alleviated.

关键词： Macrosegregation Two-phase model Solidification Second dendrite arm spacing

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A Numerical Study of the Effect of Multiple Pouring on Macrosegregation in a 438-Ton Steel Ingot

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第9期28卷 1123-1133页

作者： Zhen-Hu Duan Hou-Fa Shen Bai-Cheng Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

In present paper, a ladle-tundish-mold CFD model and a macrosegregation model were utilized to investigate the effects of the multiple pouring （MP） process on the macrosegregation in a 438-ton steel ingot. Firstly, the model was partially proved as compared to the measured carbon distributions along the transverse sections in the riser of ingot. Then, the comparison between the single pouring （SP） and MP process has been carried out to study their influences on the macrosegregation in ingot. Besides, the predicted macrosegregation results in MP process which introduced the improved riser fixed with an insulating sleeve were compared with that in traditional MP process. The traditional MP process leads to certain favorable initial carbon distribution in the mold, which has some favorable influence on suppressing the positive segregation in ingot. The holding time of the low carbon in the riser is the main factor to suppress the positive segregation in ingot. Improved insulating sleeve can prolong the holding time of the low carbon in the riser and release the positive segregation in the riser of ingot. Improvement of the insulating effect of the riser is an efficient method to control macrosegregation in large steel ingot.

关键词： Multiple pouring process Macrosegregation Numerical simulation Large steel ingot

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Modeling of aluminum-silicon irregular eutectic growth by cellular automaton model

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China Foundry 2016年第2期13卷 114-122页

作者： Rui Chen Qing-yan Xu Bai-Cheng Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing Technology MOE

Due to the extensive application of Al-Si alloys in the automotive and aerospace industries as structural components, an understanding of their microstructural formation, such as dendrite and(Al+Si) eutectic, is of great importance to control the desirable microstructure, so as to modify the performance of castings. Since previous major themes of microstructural simulation are dendrite and regular eutectic growth, few efforts have been paid to simulate the irregular eutectic growth. Therefore, a multiphase cellular automaton(CA) model is developed and applied to simulate the time-dependent Al-Si irregular eutectic growth. Prior to model establishment, related experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of cooling rate and Sr modification on the growth of eutectic Si. This CA model incorporates several aspects, including growth algorithms and nucleation criterion, to achieve the competitive and cooperative growth mechanism for nonfaceted-faceted Al-Si irregular eutectic. The growth kinetics considers thermal undercooling, constitutional undercooling, and curvature undercooling, as well as the anisotropic characteristic of eutectic Si growth. The capturing rule takes into account the effects of modification on the silicon growth behaviors.The simulated results indicate that for unmodified alloy, the higher eutectic undercooling results in the higher eutectic growth velocity, and a more refined eutectic microstructure as well as narrower eutectic lamellar spacing. For modified alloy, the eutectic silicon tends to be obvious fibrous morphology and the morphology of eutectic Si is determined by both chemical modifier and cooling rate. The predicted microstructure of Al-7Si alloy under different solidification conditions shows that this proposed model can successfully reproduce both dendrite and eutectic microstructures.

关键词： Al-Si alloys irregular eutectic growth cellular automaton modification numerical simulation

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Consumers’experiences and preferences for plant-based meat food:Evidence from a choice experiment in four cities of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 306-319页

作者： WANG Ge Madison T PLASTER bai Yun-li liu cheng-fang China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China Yenching Academy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101R.P.China United Nations Environment Programme–International Ecosystem Management Partnership Beijing 100101R.P.China

This paper examined consumers’experiences in and preferences for plant-based meat(PBM)food and their respective correlates,based on data from an online survey of 579 consumers in four major cities in China in early 2021.We first described consumers’experiences in consuming and purchasing PBM food and their correlates,and then analyzed consumer preferences using hypothetical choice experiment.The experiment offered consumers various options to purchase burgers made from PBM or animal-based meat(ABM),combined with different countries of origin(COO),taste labels,and prices.Our data showed that respondents hold overall positive attitudes toward PBM food;85 and 82%of respondents reported experience in eating and purchasing PBM food,respectively.More than half of them ate PBM food because they wanted to try new food(58%),or were interested in healthy food(56%).Income,religion,and dietary restrictions were significantly correlated with consumers’experiences in PBM food consumption.Results from the Random Parameter Logit Model based on the hypothetical choice experiment data showed that 79%of respondents chose PBM burgers and were willing to pay an average of 88 CNY for a PBM burger.We also found that 99.8 and 83%of respondents are willing to buy burgers made in China and those with a taste label,with a willingness to pay(WTP)of 208 and 120 CNY,respectively.The heterogeneity test revealed that females and those with at least a bachelor’s degree,higher income,religious beliefs,and dietary restrictions are more likely to buy PBM burgers than their counterparts.

关键词： plant-based meat(PBM) choice experiment consumers’preference willingness to pay

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Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Fullerene Pendant for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第8期40卷 898-904,I0007页

作者： bai-Qiao liu Yun-Hua Xu Feng liu cheng-cheng Xie Shi-Jie Liang Qiao-Mei Chen Wei-Wei Li Department of Chemistry School of ScienceBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering&State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China

In this work,the“functionalization-polymerization”(FP)method has been used to construct fullerene-contained double-cable conjugated polymers with“donor-acceptor”backbones.It was realized via synthesizing a fullerene-contained monomer and performing Stille polymerization.With this method,a series of double-cable conjugated polymers with different fullerene contents were developed and applied into single-component organic solar cells.The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)based on these polymers increased from 0.71%to 1.71%with the enhanced fullerene contents.The relatively low PCEs might be originated from the poor microstructure in these polymers.These new conjugated polymers with molecular heterojunction would show potential application in organic electronic devices.

关键词： Double-cable conjugated polymers Single-component organic solar cells Fullerene “Donor-acceptor”conjugated polymers Microphase separation

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