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Feasibility Study of Assist-Linked Brief Intervention for Substance Use Disorders in a Rural Community of Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 206-222页

作者： Nwoga Charles Nnaemeka audu Moses David Sambo Jacob Dusu Mafai Danboyi Kwei Dakwak Samuel Joseph Ndak Andarawus Zuhumnan babatunde Stephen Psychiatry Department Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Psychology Department Quintessential Healthcare Centre Jos Plateau State Nigeria Psychology Department University of Jos Jos Nigeria Plateau State Hospital Management Board Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Psychology Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State Nigeria

Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear gap in meeting the needs for treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria with many users reporting a self-perceived need for treatment and about 40% of them wanting to receive drug treatment but were unable to access such services. Methods: ASSIST questionnaire was used to gather baseline data, and ALBI along with Motivational Interviewing (MI) was used to intervene for 6 weeks following which ASSIST score was repeated and compared with baseline. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 21 - 30 years, mostly males with (61.3%) lacking steady jobs. Lifetime prevalence of any drug use was (88.2%). Three months prevalence was nicotine (72.0%), alcohol (66.7%), cannabis (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) among others. The ASSIST scores were mostly on the severe ranges. ASSIST result after six weeks showed marked reduction. The Mean Difference (MD) in the ASSIST scores after intervention was significant for tobacco, opioids, alcohol, and cannabis. The Cohen’s D effect size was large for tobacco (1.08), alcohol (0.92) and cannabis (0.73) but low for other substances. Conclusion: ALBI along with MI was helpful in combating the menace of substance use.

关键词： ASSIST ALBI SUD Rural Community Nigeria

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem adewale Osuolale adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe David Ayoola Oladele adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi Salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia Ige Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife Nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa William Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi babatunde Lawal Salako rosemary Ajuma audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection

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An application of artificial intelligence for investigating the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on three-dimensional temperature variation in equatorial Africa

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 52-61页

作者： Daniel Okoh Loretta Onuorah babatunde Rabiu aderonke Obafaye Dauda audu Najib Yusuf Oluwafisayo Owolabi Centre for Atmospheric Research National Space Research and Development AgencyAnyigbaNigeria Department of Physical and Geosciences Godfrey Okoye UniversityEnuguNigeria Institute for Space Science and Engineering African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria

We present interesting application of artificial intelligence for investigating effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on 3-dimensional temperature variation across Nigeria(2°-15°E,4°-14°N),in equatorial *** neural networks were trained to learn time-series temperature variation patterns using radio occultation measurements of atmospheric temperature from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate(COSMIC).Data used for training,validation and testing of the neural networks covered period prior to the *** was also an investigation into the viability of solar activity indicator(represented by the sunspot number)as an input for the *** results indicated that including the sunspot number as an input for the training did not improve the network prediction *** trained network was then used to predict values for the lockdown *** the network was trained using pre-lockdown dataset,predictions from the network are regarded as expected temperatures,should there have been no *** comparing with the actual COSMIC measurements during the lockdown period,effects of the lockdown on atmospheric temperatures were *** overall,the mean altitudinal temperatures rose by about 1.1℃ above expected values during the *** altitudinal breakdown,at 1 km resolution,reveals that the values were typically below0.5℃ at most of the altitudes,but exceeded 1℃ at 28 and 29 km *** temperatures were also observed to drop below expected values at altitudes of 0-2 km,and 17-20 km.

关键词： Temperature Neural network Equatorial Africa COVID-19 lockdown Time-series Sunspot number

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Performance Evaluation of Real Time Polymerase Reaction Assay (SCODA) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 21-30页

作者： Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Rahaman A. Ahmed Akeeb O. Bola Oyefolu babatunde Lawal Salako rosemary Ajuma audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Microbiology Lagos State University Ojo Nigeria Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Lagos Nigeria

In order to robustly detect and quantify gene expression from small amounts of RNA, amplification of the gene transcript is necessary. Real Time PCR is useful for detection and quantification of genetic constitution of pathogens. This technique amplifies a tiny DNA target million or billion times in such a way that it can be easily studied by scientists. Availability of highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 and easy accessibility of such was necessary for early diagnosis and effective management of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristic of SCODA. Validation of SCODA was performed using synthesized standards and clinical samples previously tested using a commercially approved COVID-19 RT-qPCR detection kit (LifeRiver). The assay showed a linearity of 98.2% on the ORF1ab target and 99.8% on the N-gene target. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. Analysis for the LoD95 produced 74.04 (CI: 25 - 1000) cp/μl on ORF1ab gene and 1.119 (CI: 1 - 1) cp/μl on N-gene target with a precision of CV ≤ 3%. SCODA showed high comparable performance in comparison with LifeRiver and other commercial COVID-19 RT-qPCR test kits.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Sensitivity Specificity SCODA Performance

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Outcome of Symptom-Based RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a Large Public Testing Centre in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 799-812页

作者： Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin Kazeem adewale Osuolale Patrick Azuka Okwuraiwe adesola Zaidat Musa Ayorinde babatunde James Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Olufemi Samuel Amoo Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Esther Ngozi Ohihoin Emelda Chukwu Ngozi Mirabel Otuonye Tajudeen Bamidele adeola Olukosi Olusola Ajibaye Yekeen Raheem David Oladele Agatha Nkiru David babatunde.ade.ale.rose.ary audu Oliver Ezechi Nkiruka Nnonyelum Odunukwe Richard adegbola babatunde Lawal Salako Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Grants and M/E Unit (Biostatistics) Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre of Infectious Disease Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Central Research Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Public Health Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos

Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Symptoms RT-PCR Nigeria

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Performance Evaluation of Real Time Polymerase Reaction Assay (SCODA) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期

作者： Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Rahaman A. Ahmed Akeeb O. Bola Oyefolu babatunde Lawal Salako rosemary Ajuma audu

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COVID-19 Spread Patterns Is Unrelated to Malaria Co-Infections in Lagos, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 200-215页

作者： Olufemi Samuel Amoo Olugbenga Olanrewaju Aina Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Kelly Owaneze Hammed Olanrewaju Agboola Dorcas Njeri Kareithi Tochukwu Ifeanyi Onuigbo Amaka Stephanie Ikemefuna Joy Isioma Oraegbu Ebenezer Olusoji Odewale Leona Chika Okoli Olusola Ajibaye Ayorinde babatunde James Ganiyu Idris Greg Ohihoin Bosun Tijani Temmie Giwa-Tunbosun Richard adegbola babatunde Lawal Salako rosemary Ajuma audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Co-Creation Hub Lagos Nigeria Lifebank Lagos Nigeria

Malaria and COVID-19, though caused by different organisms, share a significant number of symptoms like fever, headaches, difficulty in breathing and fatigue. Therefore, determining if a patient is positive for COVID-19 or Malaria based on symptoms alone, might be misleading, especially during pandemic response. It has been reported that an individual begins to manifest Malaria symptoms between 10 - 15 days after infection with malaria parasite, although some individuals may be asymptomatic. Some COVID-19 infected patients, like Malaria, are also asymptomatic but could contribute to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. These similarities in symptoms have led to misconception about COVID-19 being real and misdiagnoses of both infections, especially in Nigeria. However, there are possibilities that Malaria and COVID-19 could co-exist in some individuals thereby leading to mismanagement and treatment of only one infection while neglecting the possibility of the patient being infected with both diseases. We aim to determine possible correlation between Malaria and COVID-19 in a Malaria endemic country like Nigeria. This study was carried out using the qPCR molecular testing approach, a gold standard for COVID-19 testing and rapid diagnostic test kits to detect Malaria parasites in 617 individuals residing in urban settings. We demonstrated that COVID-19 and Malaria infection amongst adults in urban settings are unrelated thereby focusing on symptoms alone may result in misdiagnosis. Our findings show that Malaria is not among the underlying medical conditions strongly associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness amongst adults in urban settings.

关键词： Malaria COVID-19 Symptoms

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Outcome of Symptom-Based RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a Large Public Testing Centre in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期

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COVID-19 Spread Patterns Is Unrelated to Malaria Co-Infections in Lagos,Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第5期

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