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SC Currents Minimization in Distributed Generation Embedded Distribution Networks with Optimal Application of FCLs

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第5期8卷 1388-1397页

作者： Irtaza Sohail babar hussain M.Abubakar Intisar Ali Sajjad M.Faisal Nadeem Muhammad Sarwar Fauji Fertilizer Company Sadiqabad 64350Pakistan EED UETTaxilaPunjab 47050Pakistan

For meeting the increased demand of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has become a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil *** power from environmentally friendly RERs is available at a competitive price due to technological advancements in recent ***,optimal allocation of DG at the distribution network(DN)level may result in power loss reduction,improvement in voltage profile and the network’s overall ***,integration of DG may increase the short circuit(SC)level beyond the capacity of the protection gear,conductors,transformers and other components of a *** high short circuit currents(SCCs)may be reduced by application of a fault current limiter(FCL).However,most of the existing literature proposes optimization of FCLs size by considering only normal configurations of a *** approach is inappropriate as it may fail to produce the desired reduction in SCCs in different N−1 contingency *** this paper,a new strategy is presented that considers both normal as well as various contingency situations for optimal allocation of FCLs in a DN with DG *** strategy is implemented in the IEEE 30-bus system in a MATLAB environment using a genetic algorithm(GA).The simulation results prove that the proposed strategy is effective in determining the optimal FCLs size that restricts the SCCs to a safe level in different operating conditions including N−1 contingencies and thus,improves network safety and *** strategy described in the paper can play an important role in DN planning involving optimal application of DG and FCLs.

关键词： Distributed generation fault current limiters genetic algorithm N−1 contingency optimization

Response of Contrasting Rice Genotypes to Zinc Sources under Saline Condition

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1361-1375页

作者： Muhammad Jan Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq Talha Javed Sadam hussain Ilyas Ahmad Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah Javed Iqbal babar hussain babar Aqsa Hafeez Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Tahir Akbar Marjan Aziz Khadiga Alharbi Izhar Ullah Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Ghazi UniversityDera Ghazi Khan32200Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Pesticide Quality Control Lab MultanPunjab59300Pakistan Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwal48800Pakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research Dera Ghazi Khan32200Pakistan Agronomic Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research InstituteFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Soil Fertility(Field) Multan59300Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Queensland University of Technology QueenslandAustralia

Abiotic stresses are among the major limiting factors for plant growth and crop *** these,salinity is one of the major risk factors for plant growth and development in arid to semi-arid *** of salt tolerant crop genotypes is one of the imperative approaches to meet the food demand for increasing *** current experiment was carried out to access the performance of different rice genotypes under salinity stress and Zinc(Zn)*** rice genotypes were grown in a pot experiment and were exposed to salinity stress(7 dS m^(−1)),and Zn(15 mg kg^(-1)soil)was applied from two sources,ZnSO4 and Zn-EDTA.A control of both salinity and Zn was kept for *** showed that based on the biomass accumulation and K^(+)/Na^(+)ratio,KSK-133 and BAS-198 emerged as salt tolerant and salt sensitive,***,based on the Zn concentration,BAS-2000 was reported as Zn-in-efficient while IR-6 was a Zn-efficient *** results also revealed that plant growth,relative water content(RWC),physiological attributes including chlorophyll contents,ionic concentrations in straw and grains of all rice genotypes were decreased under salinity ***,salt tolerant and Zn-in-efficient rice genotypes showed significantly higher shoot K^(+)and Zn concentrations under saline *** application significantly alleviates the harmful effects of salinity by improving morpho-physiological attributes and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities,and the uptake of K and *** beneficial effect of Zn was more pronounced in salt-tolerant and Zn in-efficient rice genotypes as compared with salt-sensitive and Zn-efficient *** sum,our results confirmed that Zn application increased overall plant’s performance under saline conditions,particularly in Zn in-efficient and tolerant genotypes as compared with salt-sensitive and Zn efficient rice genotypes.

关键词： Agronomic efficiency antioxidant enzymes:physiology Oryza sativa salinity Zn efficient

Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in WSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3585-3629页

作者： Imtiaz Ahmad Tariq hussain babar Shah Altaf hussain Iqtidar Ali Farman Ali Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China Department of Applied AI School of ConvergenceCollege of Computing and InformaticsSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063South Korea

Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and *** of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes,termed Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station(BS).These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering *** have several challenges,including throughput,energy usage,and network lifetime *** strategies have been applied to get over these *** may,therefore,be thought of as the best way to solve such ***,it is crucial to analyze effective Cluster Head(CH)selection to maximize efficiency throughput,extend the network lifetime,and minimize energy *** paper proposed an Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization(APSO)algorithm based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(NBEER),Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing(CEER),and Cooperative Relay Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(CR-NBEER)*** the help of APSO in the implementation of the WSN,the main methodology of this article has taken *** simulation findings in this study demonstrated that the suggested approach uses less energy,with respective energy consumption ranges of 0.1441 to 0.013 for 5 CH,1.003 to 0.0521 for 10 CH,and 0.1734 to 0.0911 for 15 *** sending packets ratio was also raised for all three CH selection scenarios,increasing from 659 to *** number of dead nodes likewise dropped for the given combination,falling between 71 and *** network lifetime was deemed to have risen based on the results found.A hybrid with a few valuable parameters can further improve the suggested APSO-based *** to underwater,WSN can make use of the proposed *** overall results have been evaluated and

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster head selection low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy accelerated particle swarm optimization

Fast Processing of Optical Fringe Movement in Displacement Sensors Without Using an ADC

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第3期3卷 241-245页

作者： babar hussain Taj MUHAMMAD Muhammad REHAN Haroon AMAN Muhammad ASLAM Masroor IKRAM M. Yasin Akhtar RAJA National Institute of Lasers and Optronics P. O. 45650 Islamabad Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences P. O. 45650 Islamabad Pakistan Department of ECE EPIC Building UNC Charlotte 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223-000

An interferometer based optical sensor for displacement measurement is reported. This method requires quite simple signal processing as well as least electronic components. Referring to this technique, two photodiodes spatially shifted by 90 degrees were used. The output of photodiodes was converted into rectangular signals which were extracted in LabVIEW using the data acquisition card without using an analog to digital converters （ADC）. We have also processed the signals in C＋＋ after acquiring via parallel port. A Michelson interferometer configuration was used to produce linear fringes for the detection of displacements. The displacement less than 100nm could be measured using this technique.

关键词： Fast signal processing optical displacement sensor direction detection Michelson interferometer

Analog Processing Based Vibration Measurement Technique Using Michelson Interferometer

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第2期3卷 137-143页

作者： babar hussain Mushtaq AHMED Ghazanfar hussain Muhammad SALEEM Muhammad NAWAZ National Institute of Lasers and Optronics 45650 Islamabad Pakistan

A Michelson interferometer based sensor, to monitor the displacement and vibration of a surface, is presented. The interference signals detected in quadrature are processed using analog electronics to find the direction of the motion of a vibrating surface in real-time. The complete instrumentation and signal processing are implemented for the interpretation of the amplitude as well as positive and negative excursion of the vibration cycles. This new technique is simpler as compared to the techniques commonly used in the interferometer based vibration sensors. Using this technique, we have measured mechanical vibrations having a magnitude of the order of nanometers and frequency in the range of 50Hz to 500Hz. By making small changes in the electronic circuit, the technique can be implemented for the extended range of the vibration frequencies and amplitude.

关键词： Vibration sensor displacement sensor Michelson interferometer direction detection analog processing

Protective Capacity Assessment of Vadose Zone Material by Geo-Electrical Method: A Case Study of Pakistan

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第5期7卷 716-725页

作者： Yawar hussain Sadia Fida Ullah Muhammad babar hussain Hernan Martinez-Carvajal Abdul Qayyum Aslam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Department of Biological Sciences University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Department of Theoretical and Astrophysics Xiamen University Xiamen China Department of Civil Engineering National University of Colombia at Medellín Medellín Colombia College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Rapid and poorly managed agricultural landuse in Punjab plain is a major contention in groundwater quality deterioration. This study is focused on the determination of groundwater vulnerability potential of vadose material using geo-electrical method. Total of eight electrical resistivity soundings with Schlumberger electrode configuration are taken near Khizarabad Dairy Form, district Sargodha. The instrument ABEM Terrameter SAS 300 is used for data acquisition. The quantitative interpretation is done by 1D modelling of resistivity soundings by using IX1D software. The results characterize the area into three geo-electrical layers as dry alluvium (15.7 - 32.4 Ωm), saturated alluvium with high resistivity (10 - 20 Ωm) and low resistivity (>10 Ωm). Aquifer vulnerability is assessed by calculating Dar Zarrouk parameter (Longitudinal Conductance) and thickness of vadose zone. Resultant vulnerability is divided into three zones as low (>3.8 siemens) moderate (1.6 - 2.5 siemens) and high (<1.6 siemens). It is concluded from this study that Vertical Resistivity Sounding (VES) can be used for vulnerability assessment of an unconfined sandy alluvial aquifer from agricultural contaminants.

关键词： Electrical Sounding Vulnerability Dar Zarrouk Parameter Groundwater Khizarabad Dairy Sargodha

Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Arsenic in Water and Its Correlation with Public Health, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第2期4卷 18-25页

作者： Yawar hussain Adil Dilawar Sadia Fida Ullah Gulraiz Akhter Hernan Martinez-Carvajal Muhammad babar hussain Abdul Qayyum Aslam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Department of Physics University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Faculty of Mines National University of Colombia at Medellín Medellín Colombia Department of Theoretical and Astrophysics Xiamen University Xiamen China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Like India, Bangladesh and China, Pakistan also has some regions where concentration of Arsenic in water has crossed the WHO safe drinking water limits, 10 ppb. Presence of Arsenic in drinking water is causing serious human health issues for the local residents of Sindh and southern Punjab, which needs serious attention. The present study is focused on the spatial distribution of Arsenic in groundwater and its relationship with the major reported human diseases at settlement level of District Layyah. Data collection is done by taking water samples from hand pumps and health issues reported at the local health care centers adjoining to that sampling pump. The spatial distribution of Arsenic concentration in groundwater is done by using Inversion Distance Weight (IDW) technique. Arsenic Risk Index (ARI) is developed based of WHO health standards, and then used to divide study area into two Arsenic Risk Zones as no risk and high risk with As values less or equal to 10 ng·ml-1 and greater than 10 ng·ml-1, respectively . In the final step these zones were correlated with the diseases at village level. The results show that, Arsenic is high near the Indus River and it decreases in central and eastern parts towards Chenab River. Same trend of Indo-Chenab Arsenic gradient is followed by skin diseases among the people especially, in tehsil Layyah and tehsil Koror. It is concluded that high Arsenic amount in water and skin diseases are highly dependent on the recharge from Indus River.

关键词： Arsenic GIS Human Health IDW Indus Basin Layyah

LSTDA: Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware Routing Mechanism for Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 963-981页

作者： Farman Ali Khalid Zaman babar Shah Tariq hussain Habib Ullah Altaf hussain Daehan Kwak Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063South Korea Information Engineering School Chang’an UniversityXi’an710061China College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubai19282United Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou310018China Institute of Computer Science and IT The University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawer25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Technology Kean UniversityUnionNew Jersey07083USA

The paper presents a new protocol called Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware(LSTDA)for Flying Adhoc Network(FANET)with a focus on network corridors(NC).FANET consists of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)that face challenges in avoiding transmission loss and delay while ensuring stable *** proposed protocol introduces a novel link stability with network corridors priority node selection to check and ensure fair communication in the entire *** protocol uses a Red-Black(R-B)tree to achieve maximum channel utilization and an advanced relay *** paper evaluates LSTDA in terms of End-to-End Delay(E2ED),Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Network Lifetime(NLT),and Transmission Loss(TL),and compares it with existing methods such as Link Stability Estimation-based Routing(LEPR),Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing(DPTR),and Delay and Link Stability Aware(DLSA)using MATLAB *** results show that LSTDA outperforms the other protocols,with lower average delay,higher average PDR,longer average NLT,and comparable average TL.

关键词： LSTDA routing protocol Flying Ad-hoc Network link stability unmanned aerial vehicles maxim priority channel

CEER:Cooperative Energy-Efficient Routing Mechanism for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Using Clusters

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2587-2602页

作者： Sayyed Mudassar Shah Tariq hussain babar Shah Farman Ali Khalid Zaman Kyung-Sup Kwak Institute of Computer Science&Information Technology the University of Agriculture Peshawar25000Pakistan High Performance Computing and Networking Institute National Research Council(ICAR-CNR)Naples80131Italy College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubai19282UAE Department of Software Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon22212Korea

Underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs)aim to find varied offshore ocean monitoring and exploration *** most of these applications,the network is composed of several sensor nodes deployed at different depths in the *** nodes located at depth on the seafloor cannot invariably communicate with nodes close to the surface level;these nodes need multihop communication facilitated by a suitable routing *** this research work,a Cluster-based Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing(CEER)mechanism for UWSNs is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the Co-UWSN and LEACH *** optimal role of clustering and cooperation provides load balancing and improves the network *** simulation results using MATLAB show better performance of CEER routing protocol in terms of various parameters as compared to Co-UWSN routing protocol,i.e.,the average end-to-end delay of CEER was 17.39,Co-UWSN was 55.819 and LEACH was *** addition,the average total energy consumption of CEER was 9.273,Co-UWSN was 12.198,and LEACH was *** packet delivery ratio of CEER was 53.955,CO-UWSN was 42.047,and LEACH was *** stability period CEER was 130.9,CO-UWSN was 129.3,and LEACH was *** obtained results maximized the lifetime and improved the overall performance of the CEER routing protocol.

关键词： Cluster head co-UWSN UWSN relay LEACH CEER