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PI3K signaling pathway targeting by using different molecular approaches to treat cancer

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第9期26卷 621-634页

作者： Mohammad Rashid Shahid Karim babar Ali Shamshir Khan Makhmur Ahmad Asif Husain Ravinesh Mishra Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy and DentistryBuraydah CollegesAl-Qassim 31717Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyJamia Hamdard(Hamdard University)Hamdard NagarNew Delhi-110062India Institute of Pharmacy&Emerging Sciences Baddi University of Emerging Science&TechnologyMakhnumajraBaddiSolan-173205Himachal Pradeshlndia

Recent evidence of research has been proposed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) pathway is noticeable target for searching novel anticancer agents. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) is accountable for harmonizing a diverse range of cell functions, such as transcription, proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, degranulation, vesicular trafficking and cell migration, which are mostly involved in carcinogenesis. Particularly, PI3K-mediated signaling molecules and its effects on gene expression contribute to tumorigenesis. PI3Ks generally are grouped into three distinct classes: Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to their structure and function. The class IA of PI3K includes an alpha, beta or delta p110 catalytic subunit(p110α, p110β, or p110γ), which are associated with the activation of RTKs. Mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have just been recognized as novel mechanisms of inducing oncogenic PI3K signaling. Therefore, the class IA PI3K is the only one of most evidently implicated in cancer. The PI3K pathway is mostly mutated in more cancer patients compared with normal person, making it an eyecatching molecular target for analyses based on inhibitor molecule. In this article, we highlighted the signaling effects and regulation pathway of PI3K involved in the development and survival of tumor cells. The consequence and intricacy of PI3K pathway made it an essential beneficial target for cancer treatment.

关键词： PI3K AKT mTOR PDK-1 Tumor Suppressor PTEN Signal Pathway

Connecting Through Mountains

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Beijing Review 2017年第1期60卷 24-25页

作者： Makhdoom babar The Daily Mail in Islamabad

The longstanding friendship between Pakistan and China is based on mutual respect, equality and common benefit as well as noninterference in each other＇s internal affairs. This friendship has stood steadfast despite vicissitudes in political, economic and strategic scenarios. Pakistan and China have a shared world vision based on common prosperity, development and peace.

关键词：英语阅读理解新闻

The Decade of International Engagement in Afghanistan

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Contemporary International Relations 2012年第C期22卷 60-62页

作者： babar Shah Dr. babar Shah is an Associate Professor at the Area Study Center University of Pe- shawar Pakistan.

As a result of the Bonn and Tokyo Conferences when extensive .intemational engagement began in Afghanistan in early 2002, hopes rose high that now peace and stability would be restored in this war ravaged country. Given the scale of the commitment and excitement demonstrated by the international community to combat terrorism and help Afghanistan in its overall reconstruction process, it appeared that extensive political and economic activities would soon revive that would help in ending the decades-long miseries of the poor Afghan nation. In the immediate aftermath a significant performance was also recorded in some spheres, such as：

关键词：国际社会阿富汗恐怖主义重建过程经济活动

Q-Learning Based Routing Protocol for Congestion Avoidance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3671-3692页

作者： Daniel Godfrey Beom-Su Kim Haoran Miao babar Shah Bashir Hayat Imran Khan Tae-Eung Sung Ki-Il Kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityKorea College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityAbu DhabiUAE Institute of Management Sciences PeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering Yonsei UniversityKorea

The end-to-end delay in a wired network is strongly dependent on congestion on intermediate *** lots of feasible approaches to avoid congestion efficiently,congestion-aware routing protocols tend to search for an uncongested path toward the destination through rule-based approaches in reactive/incident-driven and distributed ***,these previous approaches have a problem accommodating the changing network environments in autonomous and self-adaptive operations *** overcome this drawback,we present a new congestion-aware routing protocol based on a Q-learning algorithm in software-defined networks where logically centralized network operation enables intelligent control and management of network *** a proposed routing protocol,either one of uncongested neighboring nodes are randomly selected as next hop to distribute traffic load to multiple paths or Q-learning algorithm is applied to decide the next hop by modeling the state,Q-value,and reward function to set the desired path toward the destination.A new reward function that consists of a buffer occupancy,link reliability and hop count is ***,look ahead algorithm is employed to update the Q-value with values within two hops *** approach leads to a decision of the optimal next hop by taking congestion status in two hops into account,***,the simulation results presented approximately 20%higher packet delivery ratio and 15%shorter end-to-end delay,compared to those with the existing scheme by avoiding congestion adaptively.

关键词： Congestion-aware routing reinforcement learning Q-learning Software defined networks

Physical properties of sprayed antimony doped tin oxide thin films:The role of thickness

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第5期32卷 10-17页

作者： A.R.babar S.S.Shinde A.V.Moholkar C.H.Bhosale J.H.Kim K.Y.Rajpure Electrochemical Materials Laboratory Department of PhysicsShivaji UniversityKolhapur-416 004India Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University300 Yongbong-DongBuk-GuGwangju500-757South Korea

Transparent conducting antimony doped tin oxide （Sb：SnO2） thin films have been deposited onto pre- heated glass substrates using a spray pyrolysis technique by varying the quantity of spraying solution. The structural, morphological, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical, photoluminescence and electrical properties of these films have been studied. It is found that the films are polycrystalline in nature with a tetragonal crystal structure having orientation along the （211） and （112） planes. Polyhedrons like grains appear in the FE-SEM images. The average grain size increases with increasing spraying quantity. The compositional analysis and electronic behaviour of Sb：SnO2 thin films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The binding energy of Sn3ds/2 for all samples shows the Sn^4＋ bonding state from SnO2. An intensive violet luminescence peak near 395 nm is observed at room temperature due to oxygen vacancies or donor levels formed by Sb^5＋ ions. The film deposited with 20 cc solution shows 70 % transmittance at 550 nm leading to the highest figure of merit （2.11 × 10^-3 Ω^-1）. The resistivity and carrier concentration vary over 1.22 × 10^-3 to 0.89 × 10^-3Ω cm and 5.19 ×10^20 to 8.52 × 10^20 cm^-3, respectively.

关键词： semiconductors microstructure optical properties electrical properties

Immobilization of β-glucuronidase:biocatalysis of glycyrrhizin to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and in-silico lead finding

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第5期29卷 333-340页

作者： Makhmur Ahmad Mohammad Rashid babar Ali Shamshir Khan Naseem Akhtar Mohd Faiyaz Khan Bibhu Prasad Panda Department of Pharmaceutics College of Dentistry and PharmacyBuraydahAl-Qassim 31717Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry College of Dentistry and PharmacyBuraydahAl-Qassim 31717Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Pharmacy Prince Sattam bin Abdul Azeez UniversityAl-KharjKingdom of Saudi Arabia Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology L aboratory School of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchCenter for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical SciencesJamia HamdardNew Delhi-110062India

The non-covalent immobilization ofβ-glucuronidase enzyme obtained from Rhizopus oryzae was carried out by entrapment in natural fiber(papaya and coconut).The bioconversion capability of immobilized enzyme was analyzed based on conversion of glycyrrhizin to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid under different *** hydrolytic activity of theβ-glucuronidase enzyme was highly depended on the microbial source and matrix,in which enzyme was ***β-glucuronidase immobilized in papaya fibers produced the highest GA content(13.170μg/mL)at 10 h of *** ***β-glucuronidase immobilized in coconut fibers produced the highest GA content(21.425μg/mL)at 15 h of *** Molinspiration software was used to predict drug like molecular properties of the 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid,and software suggested that the compounds had potential of becoming the orally active ***,in silico studies were conducted on proposed 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to select the best possible drug candidates based on drug properties and bioactivity score of the compounds.

关键词： 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid Glycyrrhizin β-Glucuronidase Natural fiber In-silico study

Tourism Development and Well-Being:The Role of Population and Political Stability

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第1期15卷 89-115页

作者： Asif Khan Sughra Bibi Jiaying Lyu Zaheer Udden babar Muhammad Alam Hizar Hayat Department of Tourism and Hotel Management School of ManagementZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Department of Tourism&Hospitality Hazara UniversityMansehra 21300KPPakistan Guanghua Law School Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Department of Tourism and Hotel Management University of ChitralChitralPakistan山

This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population *** findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism ***,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.

关键词： Tourism development Well-being Population growth Political stability Economic growth ARDL

Effect of Energy Market Globalization over Power Sector of GCC Region: A Short Review

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第3期4卷 265-271页

作者： Armaghan Ahmad Muhammad babar Institute of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Pakistan Navy Engineering College National University of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan Institute of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Pakistan Navy Engineering College National University of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh KSA.

Globalization of energy market in GCC countries is deepening not only through free-flowing international trade but also through foreign investment, market-driven domestic economies and industrialization. GCC nations are transforming their energy industry and market around the world which is promising their economic efficiency and technology development. Nevertheless, this open energy market across the world has raised a question about energy security and power demand. This energy market globalization has pushed the GCC Nations to pay attention to the control of supply and demand of power. Interconnection of power network between the GCC Region is optimistic pace to secure the future anticipated power fallouts. And also installation of Renewable Energy projects will support GCC to accommodate their increasing power demand. This paper discusses about how the energy market globalization has effect the power supply and demand of GCC nations, their concerns and recent progress towards its resolution.

关键词： Globalization Energy Market Power Sector GCC Renewable Energies Grid Interconnection Network

Anisotropic polaritons in van der Waals materials

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InfoMat 2020年第5期2卷 777-790页

作者： Weiliang Ma babar Shabbir Qingdong Ou Yemin Dong Huanyang Chen Peining Li Xinliang Zhang Yuerui Lu Qiaoliang Bao Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Department of Materials Science and Engineering ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies(FLEET)Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian ProvinceChina Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineeringthe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

Polaritons in two-dimensional(2D)materials continues to garner significant attention due to their favorable ability of field-confinement and intriguing potential for low-loss and ultrafast optical and photonic *** recent experimental observation of in-plane anisotropic dispersion in natural van der Waals materials has revealed much richer physics as compared to isotropic plasmonic materials,which provides new insight to manipulate the polaritons and manufacture flat optical devices with unprecedented ***,we give an overview of the recent progress in in-plane anisotropic polaritons launched and visualized in the near-field range in 2D layered van der Waals ***,future prospects in this promising but emerging field are featured on the basis of its peculiar *** review article will stimulate the scientific community to explore other hyperbolic materials and structures in order to develop optical technologies with novel functionalities and further improve the understanding of the exotic photonic phenomena.

关键词： hyperbolic materials in-plane anisotropy optical and photonic devices polaritons scanning nearfield optical microscopy