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Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 497-506页

作者： Elisabeth Uitz babak bahadori Mark F McCarty Mohammed H Moghadasian Department of Internal Medicine 2 University Hospital of St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences Catalytic Longevity Carlsbad CA 92009 United States Department of Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg R2H 2A6 Manitoba Canada

Although high density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. Itmay therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors(LXR), whereas nuclear factor(NF)-kappa B antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappa B activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappa B antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-ka

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Inflammation Phytochemical Nutraceutical Atherogenesis Plaque Cytokine Antioxidant

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Animal models of atherosclerosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第5期2卷 126-132页

作者： Fatemeh Ramezani Kapourchali Gangadaran Surendiran Li Chen Elisabeth Uitz babak bahadori Mohammed H Moghadasian International Nutrition Research Inc. WinnipegMB R3T2G4Canada Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St.Boniface Hospital Research Centre and University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R2H 2A6Canada College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St.Boniface Hospital Research CentreWinnipegMB R2H 2A6Canada Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences State Clinic St.PoeltenDepartment of Internal Medicine 23100St.PoeltenAustria

In this mini-review several commonly used animal models of atherosclerosis have been *** them,emphasis has been made on mice,rabbits,pigs and non-human *** these animal models have played a significant role in our understanding of induction of atherosclerotic lesions,we still lack a reliable animal model for regression of the *** have reported several genetically modified and transgenic animal models that replicate human atherosclerosis,however each of current animal models have some *** these animal models,the apolipoprotein(apo) E-knockout(KO)mice have been used extensively because they develop spontaneous ***,atherosclerotic lesions developed in this model depending on experimental design may resemble humans' stable and unstable atherosclerotic *** mouse model of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis has been also used to investigate the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on *** density lipoprotein(LDL)-r-KO mice are a model of human familial ***,unlike apo E-KO mice,the LDL-r-KO mice do not develop spontaneous *** apo E-KO and LDL-r-KO mice have been employed to generate other relevant mouse models of cardiovascular disease through breeding *** addition to mice,rabbits have been used extensively particularly to understand the mechanisms of cholesterol-induced *** present review paper details the characteristics of animal models that are used in atherosclerosis research.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia Disease Animal models

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Lactate is a potentially harmful substitute for brain glucose fuel:consequences for metabolic restoration of neurotransmission

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1403-1404页

作者： Oliver Kann Lennart Soder babak Khodaie Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences(IZN) Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).

关键词： consequences Figure restoration

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Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1918-1932页

作者： babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48863 USA

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time *** nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe *** obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision *** is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence *** minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety *** the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control *** is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety *** simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

关键词： Data-driven control linear parameter-varying systems probabilistic control safe control

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What’s Missing in Agile Hardware Design? Verification!

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2023年第4期38卷 735-736页

作者： babak Falsafi Parallel Systems Architecture Laboratory Institute of Computer and Communication SciencesSchool of Computer andCommunication SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH-1015Switzerland

Agile hardware design is an approach to developing hardware systems that draws inspiration from the principles and practices of agile software *** emphasizes collaboration,flexibility,iterative development,and quick adaptation to changing *** agile hardware design,the focus is on delivering functionalhardware systems in shorter development cycles while maintaining high-quality and customer *** particular,agile hardware design is of great interest in the open-source hardware ***-sourcehardware development—such as RISC-V—is at the forefront of initiatives to democratize hardware and drive innovation in chip design *** design is instrumental for the RISC-V community because it supportsrapid iteration,accommodates the evolving RISC-V standard and the addition of custom extensions,improvescommunity collaboration and time-to-market,and addresses the design challenges associated with complex architectural features.

关键词： hardware agile architectural

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Tectonic Setting of the Barm Firuz Lake,Zagros Mountains,Iran:Inferred from Structural and Karstic Evidence

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第5期25卷 932-938页

作者： babak Samani Faculty of Earth Sciences Shahid Chamran UniversityAhvaz Iran

This paper presents the role of tectonic and karstic processes in the formation and evolution of Barm Firuz Lake within the Zagros Mountains of Iran. This lake with elevation of 3 340 m from sea level is located in the crest of the Barm Firuz anticline. Results show that the structural evolution of the Barme Firuz Lake is related to both tectonic and karst processes. Therefore the term of tectonokarstic has been used for structural evolution of the lake. Structural studies especially on the stylolite structures revealed the occurrence of an important component of simple shear deformation in the study area. Based on structural and karstic evidence around the lake, the fault-dissolution sink model with oblique pure shear component is suggested as kinematic model of the Barm Firuz Lake evolution in the Zagros Mountains of Iran.

关键词： tectonic karst Barm Firuz Lake Zagros Mountains lran.

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Self-assembled vesicle–colloid hybrid swimmers:Non-reciprocal strokes with reciprocal actuation

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第6期29卷 30-36页

作者： Jaime Agudo-Canalejo babak Nasouri Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization(MPIDS) 37077 GoettingenGermany

We consider a self-assembled hybrid system,composed of a bilayer vesicle to which a number of colloids are *** on known results of membrane curvature elasticity,we predict that,for sufficiently deflated prolate vesicles,the colloids can self-assemble into a ring at a finite distance away from the vesicle equator,thus breaking the up–down symmetry in the *** the relative variation of the position of the colloidal ring along the vesicle endows the system with an effective elasticity,periodic cycles of inflation and deflation can lead to non-reciprocal shape changes of the vesicle–colloid hybrid,allowing it to swim in a low Reynolds number environment under reciprocal *** design several actuation protocols that allow control over the swimming direction.

关键词： vesicles colloids microswimmers curvature

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Border-search and jump reduction method for size optimization of spatial truss structures

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 123-134页

作者： babak DIZANGIAN Mohammad Reza GHASEMI Department of Civil Engineering Velayat UniversityIranshahr ***Iran Department of Civil Engineering University of Sistan and BaluchestanZahedan ***Iran

This paper proposes a sensitivity-based border-search and jump reduction method for optimum design of spatial *** is considered as a two-phase optimization approach,where at the first phase,the first local optimum is found by few analyses,after the whole searching space is limited employing an efficient random strategy,and the second phase involves finding a sequence of local optimum points using the variables sensitivity with respect to corresponding values of constraints *** reach the global solution at phase two,a sequence of two sensitivity-based operators of border-search operator and jump operator are introduced until convergence is *** analysis is performed using numerical finite difference *** do structural analysis,a link between open source software of OpenSees and MATLAB was *** truss problems were attempted for optimization in order to show the fastness and efficiency of proposed *** were compared with those reported in the *** shows that the proposed method is competitive with the other optimization methods with a significant reduction in number of analyses carried.

关键词： optimum design sensitivity analysis reduction method spatial tresses OpenSees

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Estimating Network Connectedness of Financial Markets and Commodities

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第5期29卷 572-589页

作者： Ehsan Bagheri Seyed babak Ebrahimi Financial Engineering Group Faculty of Industrial EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran

We investigate the directional volatility and return network connectedness among stock,commodity,bond,currency and cryptocurrency *** period of study covers Feb 2006 until August *** utilize and expand Diebold and Yilmaz(20142015)connectedness measurement;accordingly,in the variance decomposition structure,we use Hierarchical Vector Autoregression(HVAR)to estimate high dimensional networks more *** empirical results show that markets are highly connected,especially during *** stock markets are the net receiver of shocks,while European and American stock markets are the net transmitter of shocks to other *** pairwise connectedness results suggest that among stock markets,DAX-CAC 40,FTSE 100-CAC 40 and S&P 500-S&P_TSX index are more integrated through connectedness than the *** other markets,WTI crude oil-Brent crude oil,30-Year bond and 10-Year bond,Dollar Index futures-EUR/USD have notable *** terms of cryptocurrencies,they contribute insignificantly to other markets and are highly integrated with each *** and cryptocurrencies seem to be good choices for investors to hedge during a crisis.

关键词： Financial markets network connectedness econometrics commodity

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Applicable models for multi-component adsorption of dyes:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期25卷 419-429页

作者： babak Noroozi George A.Sorial Department of Textile Engineering University of Guilan Visiting Scholar Environmental Engineering ProgramUniversity of Cincinnati Environmental Engineering Program University of Cincinnati

Adsorption is one of the several techniques that has been successfully used for dyes *** most industrial colored effluents contain several components including dyes,having a strong knowledge about the scope of competitive adsorption process is a powerful key to design an appropriate *** is mainly because of the complexity brought about by the increasing number of parameters needed for process description which complicates not only the process modeling but also the experimental data collection.A multicomponent adsorption model should be based on fundamental soundness,speed,and simplicity of *** such systems,competition will change the adsorbent-adsorbate ***,there is major concern to develop an accurate and reliable method to predict dye adsorption behavior in multi-component *** article covers topics such as the theory of dyes adsorption in multi-component systems along with applicable models according to the consistent theories presented by researchers.

关键词： adsorption dye multi-component isotherm models

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