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BMI-Adjusted Tube Current in Chest CT and Comparison of Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of Breast Cancer in Two Different BMI-Based Protocols

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 115-125页

作者： Amin Shams Akhtari babak heidariaghdam Faeze Vahid Alireza Oloumi Latif Gachkar Mehrdad Taghizadeh Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipaak Clinical Research Development Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Australia Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Independent Researcher Tehran Iran Loghman Hakim Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch

Possible strategies to reduce radiation dose during CT scanning have been investigated over recent decades;here the optimization of the tube current and its link with patient’s cancer incidence are being evaluated. 154 consecutive trauma patients with the need for chest CT scan were included. Two different BMI-adjusted CT protocols at a fixed voltage tube and the same scan length were applied. Dose estimation parameters like CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP) and effective breast dose were calculated. Breast surface dose was obtained by using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and eventually, the life attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence was estimated. The mean effective dose was 4.87 ± 2.3 mSv and 5.12 ± 2.8 mSv for patients who were scanned with tube currents of 120 mAs and 200 mAs, respectively. There was no significant difference between organ surface doses for females but in males it was notable. The risk of cancer incidence is lower for protocol 1 in comparison with protocol 2. Optimizing tube current of 120 mAs reduced breast surface dose up to 50% in comparison with the tube current of 200 mAs. In trauma patients, using lower tube current based on BMI has notable impact on the absorbed dose in the breast and can reduce the breast cancer risk by nearly 33.6% for women.

关键词： Radiation Dose Trauma Patients Cancer Risk

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Comparison of the Use of Conventional and Antibiotic-Coated Tracheal Tubes and EVAC on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 45-56页

作者： Mehrdad Taghizadeh Amin Shams Akhtari babak heidariaghdam Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipak Siamak Moghadamzadeh Mohammad Reza Haji Esmaili Faeze Vahid Department of Emergency Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Research Development Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Hervey Bay Australia Department of Cardiology Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Anesthesia Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Independent Researcher Tehran Iran

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital infections in hospitalized patients, which is associated with increased mortality and patient costs. The tracheal tube itself seems to be a major risk factor for VAP. Contaminated secretions pass through the endotracheal tube and reach the lungs. Also, bacteria form a bacterial biofilm on the tracheal tube and are transferred from there to the lungs. Different tracheal tube designs have been produced to overcome these cases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an Evac tracheal tube covered with antibiotics and normal on the incidence of pneumonia caused by the ventilator. Research method: 180 patients were randomly intubated in three groups of 60 people with three types of tracheal tubes, Evac and Bactiguard. Clinical examinations, endotracheal tube aspiration culture, and chest radiography were obtained from the patients and the incidence of VAP was calculated based on the CPIS standard. The relationship between the type of endotracheal tube and the incidence of VAP and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and being discharged alive from the ICU were investigated. Findings and conclusions: The average incidence of VAP for the group of patients intubated with a conventional tracheal tube was 50%, EVAC was 45% and Bactiguard was 40%. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia and the type of tracheal tube. The incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia was not significantly reduced by suctioning subglottic secretions and Bactiguard tracheal tubes. It seems that using one method alone is not effective in reducing ventilator-induced pneumonia.

关键词： Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Suction Ventilator

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Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1918-1932页

作者： babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48863 USA

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time *** nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe *** obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision *** is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence *** minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety *** the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control *** is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety *** simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

关键词： Data-driven control linear parameter-varying systems probabilistic control safe control

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A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

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Oncology Research 2024年第3期32卷 439-461页

作者： ELHAM AMJAD RAFAELE PEZZANI babak SOKOUTI Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz***Iran Phytotherapy Lab Endocrinology UnitDipartimento di Medicina(DIMED)University of PadovaVia Ospedale 105Padova35128Italy Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di Base Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di BasePadova35128Italy

Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site speifillyl cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 *** the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the patient's outcome is *** a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients,dlinicians have faced difficulties in treating such *** addition,CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the dlinical response of HCC *** is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer,with a particular emphasis on HCC as part of the current state of ***,in order to locate recent developments in oncology research,we examined both the Scopus database and the PubMed *** ability to selectively interfere with gene expression in combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 screening can lead to the discovery of new effective HCC treatment regimens by combining clinically approved *** resistance can be overcome with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 *** signature genes and resistance to treatment have been uncovered by genome-scale CRISPR activation screening although this method is not without *** has been extensively examined whether CRISPR can be used as a tool for disease research and gene *** and its applications to tumor research,particularly in HCC,are examined in this study through a review of the literature.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system Gene therapy Tumor Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Gene editing

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Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI babak NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel B.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nabeiro’Biodiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(BEMs).The approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted BEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENT),and presence–absence(GAM and BRT)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and BEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data *** using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated by GAM and BRT models were robust to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distribution stacked bioclimatic envelope models uncertainty

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Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第09期 1918-1932页

作者： babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares IEEE the Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems. The nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV) systems. A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e., stability and invariance) of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe set. To obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model, its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision variable. It is shown that the variance of the closedloop system, as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance. A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence level. This minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set, and thus minimizes the risk of safety violation. Unlike the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design, the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control design. It is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety violation. Two simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

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Lactate is a potentially harmful substitute for brain glucose fuel:consequences for metabolic restoration of neurotransmission

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1403-1404页

作者： Oliver Kann Lennart Soder babak Khodaie Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences(IZN) Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).

关键词： consequences Figure restoration

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Safety and efficacy of Kaffes intraductal self-expanding metal stents in the management of post-liver transplant anastomotic strictures

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 88-98页

作者： Chee Lim Jonathan Ng babak Sarraf Rhys Vaughan Marios Efthymiou Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Sujievvan Chandran Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthMelbourne HeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Melbourne Medical School The University of MelbourneMelbourne ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia

BACKGROUND Endoscopic management is the first-line therapy for post-liver-transplant anas-tomotic *** the optimal duration of treatment with plastic stents has been reported to be 8-12 months,data on safety and duration for metal stents in this setting is *** to limited access to endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography(ERCP)during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in our centre,there was a change in practice towards increased usage and length-of-stay of the Kaffes biliary intraductal self-expanding stent in patients with suitable *** was mainly due to the theoretical benefit of Kaffes stents allowing for longer indwelling periods compared to the traditional plastic *** Adult liver transplant recipients aged 18 years and above who underwent ERCP were retrospectively identified during a 10-year period through a database *** admissions post-Kaffes stent insertion were identified manually through electronic and scanned medical *** main outcome was the incidence of complications when stents were left indwelling for 3 months vs 6 *** efficacy was calculated via rates of stricture recurrence between patients that had stenting courses for≤120 d or>120 *** During the study period,a total of 66 ERCPs with Kaffes insertion were performed in 54 patients throughout their stenting *** 33 ERCPs,the stent was removed or exchanged on a 3-month *** pancreatitis,perfor-ations or deaths *** post-ERCP complications were similar between the 3-month(abdominal pain and intraductal migration)and 6-month(abdominal pain,septic shower and embedded stent)groups-6.1%vs 9.1%respectively,P=*** strictures resolved at the end of the stenting course,but the stenting course was variable from 3 to 22 *** recurrence rate for stenting courses lasting for up to 120 d was 71.4%and 21.4%for stenting courses of 121 d or over(P=0.03).There were 28 patients that were treated with a sin

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde Constriction Pathologic Self expandable metallic stents Bile duct diseases Cholestasis

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Etiology of Pancytopenia in Tabriz Shahid Ghazi Hospital:A Cross-sectional Study in Iran

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第4期8卷 104-115页

作者： Hossein Azari Bostanabad Safa Mousavi Mohammad Hossein Hosseini Sadra Sarandili Ali Esfahani babak Nejati Department of Hematology and Oncology Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Liqvan Health Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Department of Health Sciences Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia

Objective:Pancytopenia is characterized by a reduction in all three types of blood cells:erythrocytes,leukocytes,and *** is caused by a wide range of diseases,leading to diagnostic *** causes can range from drug reactions to life-threatening diseases such as aplastic anemia and *** study aims to investigate the causes of pancytopenia,specifically focusing on age and gender differences among ***:This cross-sectional study includes patients of all ages diagnosed with pancytopenia,as indicated by a CBC/H1 showing a WBC count less than 4,000/μL,platelet count less than 150,000/μL,and hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in *** study only included patients with pancytopenia who underwent bone marrow examination and were not subjected to chemotherapy or radiation ***:A total of 133 patients with pancytopenia were included in the *** average age was 47.35±17.62 years old,with 66%of the participants being male and 34%being *** leukemia,specifically acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL),was identified as the primary cause of pancytopenia,accounting for 31.5%of *** anemia was the second most common cause,accounting for 30%of cases,followed by aplastic anemia at 7.5%.Conclusion:Pancytopenia,a condition marked by the decrease in both erythrocytes and leukocytes as well as thrombocytes,can arise from a myriad of *** main findings of this study revealed that megaloblastic anemia,acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL)were the most common ***,a considerable proportion of cases of pancytopenia can be attributed to acute ***,expeditious and accurate diagnosis is imperative and has the potential to save lives in such cases.

关键词： Pancytopenia Leukemia Anemia Bone marrow Blood cells

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Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma Arakelyan Teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki Chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu Cheung Ho Ching Chan Inseo Choi Pui Yi Ho Feijun Hu Yujeong Kim Hill Lam Lau Ying Lo Law Chi Seng Leung Chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong Wing Lam Yim Nikolay S.Karnaukhov Richard Y.C.Kong Maria V.babak Yudai Matsuda Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEM Team“VarieCure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.S.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products Sesterterpenoids Synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin

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