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Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 497-506页

作者： Elisabeth Uitz babak bahadori Mark F McCarty Mohammed H Moghadasian Department of Internal Medicine 2 University Hospital of St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences Catalytic Longevity Carlsbad CA 92009 United States Department of Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg R2H 2A6 Manitoba Canada

Although high density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. Itmay therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors(LXR), whereas nuclear factor(NF)-kappa B antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappa B activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappa B antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-ka

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Inflammation Phytochemical Nutraceutical Atherogenesis Plaque Cytokine Antioxidant

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Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1918-1932页

作者： babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48863 USA

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time *** nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe *** obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision *** is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence *** minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety *** the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control *** is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety *** simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

关键词： Data-driven control linear parameter-varying systems probabilistic control safe control

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Animal models of atherosclerosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第5期2卷 126-132页

作者： Fatemeh Ramezani Kapourchali Gangadaran Surendiran Li Chen Elisabeth Uitz babak bahadori Mohammed H Moghadasian International Nutrition Research Inc. WinnipegMB R3T2G4Canada Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St.Boniface Hospital Research Centre and University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R2H 2A6Canada College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St.Boniface Hospital Research CentreWinnipegMB R2H 2A6Canada Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences State Clinic St.PoeltenDepartment of Internal Medicine 23100St.PoeltenAustria

In this mini-review several commonly used animal models of atherosclerosis have been *** them,emphasis has been made on mice,rabbits,pigs and non-human *** these animal models have played a significant role in our understanding of induction of atherosclerotic lesions,we still lack a reliable animal model for regression of the *** have reported several genetically modified and transgenic animal models that replicate human atherosclerosis,however each of current animal models have some *** these animal models,the apolipoprotein(apo) E-knockout(KO)mice have been used extensively because they develop spontaneous ***,atherosclerotic lesions developed in this model depending on experimental design may resemble humans' stable and unstable atherosclerotic *** mouse model of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis has been also used to investigate the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on *** density lipoprotein(LDL)-r-KO mice are a model of human familial ***,unlike apo E-KO mice,the LDL-r-KO mice do not develop spontaneous *** apo E-KO and LDL-r-KO mice have been employed to generate other relevant mouse models of cardiovascular disease through breeding *** addition to mice,rabbits have been used extensively particularly to understand the mechanisms of cholesterol-induced *** present review paper details the characteristics of animal models that are used in atherosclerosis research.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia Disease Animal models

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A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

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Oncology Research 2024年第3期32卷 439-461页

作者： ELHAM AMJAD RAFAELE PEZZANI babak SOKOUTI Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz***Iran Phytotherapy Lab Endocrinology UnitDipartimento di Medicina(DIMED)University of PadovaVia Ospedale 105Padova35128Italy Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di Base Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di BasePadova35128Italy

Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site speifillyl cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 *** the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the patient's outcome is *** a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients,dlinicians have faced difficulties in treating such *** addition,CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the dlinical response of HCC *** is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer,with a particular emphasis on HCC as part of the current state of ***,in order to locate recent developments in oncology research,we examined both the Scopus database and the PubMed *** ability to selectively interfere with gene expression in combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 screening can lead to the discovery of new effective HCC treatment regimens by combining clinically approved *** resistance can be overcome with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 *** signature genes and resistance to treatment have been uncovered by genome-scale CRISPR activation screening although this method is not without *** has been extensively examined whether CRISPR can be used as a tool for disease research and gene *** and its applications to tumor research,particularly in HCC,are examined in this study through a review of the literature.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 system Gene therapy Tumor Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Gene editing

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In Situ Mineralization of Biomass-Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free-Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 359-371页

作者： Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil babak Rezaei Kristoffer Almdal Stephan Sylνest Keller National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark DTU Chemistry Technical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark

Here,a novel fabrication method for making free-standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass-derived hydrogels is *** situ formed flower-like CaCO_(3)molecularly embedded within the hydrogel network regulated the pore structure during in situ mineralization assisted one-step activation graphitization(iMAG),while the intrinsic structural integrity of the carbon aerogels was *** homogenously distributed minerals simultaneously acted as a hard template,activating agent,and graphitization *** decomposition of the homogenously distributed CaCO_(3)during iMAG followed by the etching of residual CaO through a mild acid washing endowed a robust carbon aerogel with high porosity and excellent electrochemical *** 0.5 mA cm^(-2),the gravimetric capacitance increased from 0.01 F g^(-1)without mineralization to 322 F g^(-1)with iMAG,which exceeds values reported for any other free-standing or powder-based biomass-derived carbon *** outstanding cycling stability of~104%after 1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was *** assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high specific capacitance of 376 F g^(-1)and a high energy density of 26 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 4000 W kg^(-1),with excellent cycling performance(98.5%retention after 2000 cycles).In combination with the proposed 3D printed mold-assisted solution casting(3DMASC),iMAG allows for the generation of free-standing carbon aerogel architectures with arbitrary ***,the novel method introduces flexibility in constructing free-standing carbon aerogels from any ionically cross-linkable biopolymer while maintaining the ability to tailor the design,dimensions,and pore size distribution for specific energy storage applications.

关键词： biomass carbon aerogel sustainable energy materials free-standing supercapacitors

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Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI babak NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel B.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nabeiro’Biodiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(BEMs).The approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted BEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENT),and presence–absence(GAM and BRT)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and BEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data *** using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated by GAM and BRT models were robust to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distribution stacked bioclimatic envelope models uncertainty

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Lactate is a potentially harmful substitute for brain glucose fuel:consequences for metabolic restoration of neurotransmission

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1403-1404页

作者： Oliver Kann Lennart Soder babak Khodaie Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences(IZN) Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).

关键词： consequences Figure restoration

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Safety and efficacy of Kaffes intraductal self-expanding metal stents in the management of post-liver transplant anastomotic strictures

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 88-98页

作者： Chee Lim Jonathan Ng babak Sarraf Rhys Vaughan Marios Efthymiou Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Sujievvan Chandran Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthMelbourne HeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Melbourne Medical School The University of MelbourneMelbourne ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia

BACKGROUND Endoscopic management is the first-line therapy for post-liver-transplant anas-tomotic *** the optimal duration of treatment with plastic stents has been reported to be 8-12 months,data on safety and duration for metal stents in this setting is *** to limited access to endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography(ERCP)during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in our centre,there was a change in practice towards increased usage and length-of-stay of the Kaffes biliary intraductal self-expanding stent in patients with suitable *** was mainly due to the theoretical benefit of Kaffes stents allowing for longer indwelling periods compared to the traditional plastic *** Adult liver transplant recipients aged 18 years and above who underwent ERCP were retrospectively identified during a 10-year period through a database *** admissions post-Kaffes stent insertion were identified manually through electronic and scanned medical *** main outcome was the incidence of complications when stents were left indwelling for 3 months vs 6 *** efficacy was calculated via rates of stricture recurrence between patients that had stenting courses for≤120 d or>120 *** During the study period,a total of 66 ERCPs with Kaffes insertion were performed in 54 patients throughout their stenting *** 33 ERCPs,the stent was removed or exchanged on a 3-month *** pancreatitis,perfor-ations or deaths *** post-ERCP complications were similar between the 3-month(abdominal pain and intraductal migration)and 6-month(abdominal pain,septic shower and embedded stent)groups-6.1%vs 9.1%respectively,P=*** strictures resolved at the end of the stenting course,but the stenting course was variable from 3 to 22 *** recurrence rate for stenting courses lasting for up to 120 d was 71.4%and 21.4%for stenting courses of 121 d or over(P=0.03).There were 28 patients that were treated with a sin

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde Constriction Pathologic Self expandable metallic stents Bile duct diseases Cholestasis

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Recent advances and opportunities in MXene-based liquid crystals

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InfoMat 2024年第3期6卷 1-21页

作者： Ken Aldren S.Usman Jizhen Zhang Kevinilo P.Marquez Mia Angela N.Judicpa Peter A.Lynch Annabelle Bedford babak Anasori Joselito M.Razal Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO)Waurn PondsVictoriaAustralia Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-Los BañosLagunaPhilippines School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films and ***ally,compared to architectures made from typical non-LC dispersions,those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties,demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications,such as electronic displays,smart glasses,and thermal camouflage *** review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes,including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC *** also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution-based manufacturing paradigm of MXene-based architectures,resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications(e.g.,energy storage and strain sensing)and in their emerging uses(e.g.,tribology).Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed,offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.

关键词： liquid crystals multi-functional materials MXenes solution-based processing

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Etiology of Pancytopenia in Tabriz Shahid Ghazi Hospital:A Cross-sectional Study in Iran

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第4期8卷 104-115页

作者： Hossein Azari Bostanabad Safa Mousavi Mohammad Hossein Hosseini Sadra Sarandili Ali Esfahani babak Nejati Department of Hematology and Oncology Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Liqvan Health Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Department of Health Sciences Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia

Objective:Pancytopenia is characterized by a reduction in all three types of blood cells:erythrocytes,leukocytes,and *** is caused by a wide range of diseases,leading to diagnostic *** causes can range from drug reactions to life-threatening diseases such as aplastic anemia and *** study aims to investigate the causes of pancytopenia,specifically focusing on age and gender differences among ***:This cross-sectional study includes patients of all ages diagnosed with pancytopenia,as indicated by a CBC/H1 showing a WBC count less than 4,000/μL,platelet count less than 150,000/μL,and hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in *** study only included patients with pancytopenia who underwent bone marrow examination and were not subjected to chemotherapy or radiation ***:A total of 133 patients with pancytopenia were included in the *** average age was 47.35±17.62 years old,with 66%of the participants being male and 34%being *** leukemia,specifically acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL),was identified as the primary cause of pancytopenia,accounting for 31.5%of *** anemia was the second most common cause,accounting for 30%of cases,followed by aplastic anemia at 7.5%.Conclusion:Pancytopenia,a condition marked by the decrease in both erythrocytes and leukocytes as well as thrombocytes,can arise from a myriad of *** main findings of this study revealed that megaloblastic anemia,acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL)were the most common ***,a considerable proportion of cases of pancytopenia can be attributed to acute ***,expeditious and accurate diagnosis is imperative and has the potential to save lives in such cases.

关键词： Pancytopenia Leukemia Anemia Bone marrow Blood cells

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