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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Positivity of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns, Native Anti-DNA and Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Antibodies: Experience from a Laboratory in Dakar

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 26-36页

作者： Diop Abdou Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye ndiaye babacar Mahou Chantal Diop Marième Gaye Dubrous Phillippe Seck Abdoulaye Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are sensitive screening tests but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for AIDs. We aimed to look at ANA patterns in our patients and correlated them with anti-ENA for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 1 year from January to December 2022 who were tested for ANA at biology medical laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA results were also analyzed for ANA-positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0, p Results: 216 patients were analyzed. Women predominated at 79.2% and mean age was 48 years [CI 95%, 46 - 50], with extremes of 10 and 89. Most represented age group was [41 - 60] with 38%. ANA was positive in 27 (12.5%) of patients, 59.2% of whom were strongly positive (titer of 1/1000, 1/3200 or 1/6400). The most common pattern was nuclear speckled, which was found in 77.8% of samples. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA positivity in ANA-positive patients was found respectively in 63% (17/27) and 1.4% (3/27) of the samples analyzed. Most commonly identified anti-ENA was anti-Sm 29.6%, anti-SSA 29.6%, anti-Ro-52 25.9%, anti-RNP 18.5% and anti-SSB 14.8% which was associated with speckled pattern. Association results indicated a significant relationship between both tests and between ANA titer in the anti-ENA- and ANA-positive patients (p 0.001). Conclusions: ANA, Anti-ENA and anti-DNA antibodies are essential for AIDS diagnosis. However, the testing repertoire should follow an algorithm comprising of clinical features, followed by ANA results with nuclear, mitotic, and cytoplasmic patterns, anti-ENA, and anti-DNA for a more meaningful, and cost-effective diagnostic approach.

关键词： Antinuclear Antibodies Extractable Nuclear antigen Autoimmune Disease Indirect Immunofluorescence

Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) Group 1 Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第2期13卷 137-145页

作者： Abdoulaye Seck babacar ndiaye Abdou Diop Malick Ndao Cheikh Fall Assane Dieng Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo Chantal Mahou Philippe Dubrous Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Institut Pasteurde Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratoire National de Santé Publique Thies Senegal Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie H&#244pital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a real public health problem, particularly in Africa. Among these ESBLs, there are the Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) described all over the world of which the most frequent is the CTX-M of group 1 particularly the CTX-M-15 variant. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CTX-M group 1 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains and to test their antibiotics susceptibility profile. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to detect ESBL-secreting Escherichia coli strains by the synergy test. Identification of CTX-M type ESBL from group 1 was performed using the NG-Test CTX-M rapid diagnostic test (NG-Biotech®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines 2019. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed with Excel version 2010 and SPSS 20.0 respectively. Results: Eighty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were tested. A group 1 CTX-M ESBL was detected in 75.6% of the strains (n = 62). These strains were highly resistant to cefotaxim (100%), aztreonam (100%), ceftazidim (85.4%) and cefepim (66.1%). They were also resistant to quinolones, gentamycin and sulfadoxine-trimethoprim combination. However, these strains showed sensitivity to ertapenem (100%), cefoxitin (69.3%), tigecyclin (66%), and amikacin (66.1%). The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam was active on 30.6% of the strains against 6.4% for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion: The CTX-M type ESBL of group 1 was present in the majority of ESBL-producing Escherichia colis trains. Despite the production of this enzyme conferring resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, some antibiotics remain active to treat infections caused by these germs.

关键词： Escherichia coli ESBL CTX-M Group Prevalence Antibiotic Resistance

Vaginal Carriage of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women in Rural Areas in Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 207-219页

作者： babacar ndiaye Fatoumata Diene Sarr Mam Coumba Diouf Rokhaya Diop Hamidou Thiam Mohamed Abass Yugo Rose Mbaye Amadou Alpha Sall Cheikh Loucoubar Abdoulaye Seck Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Epidemiology Clinical Research and Data Science Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Virology Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.

关键词： Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Vaginal Carriage Antibiotic Susceptibility Senegal

Intra-Dialytique Hypotension: Prevalence and Associated Factors in 2 Haemodialysis Centres in Senegal

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期12卷 361-368页

作者： Ba A. Mamadou Yaya Kane Moustapha Faye Ameth Dieng Ba Bacary Niakhalen Keita babacar ndiaye Modou Ndongo Sy Abou Maria Faye Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Ka E. Fary Department of Nephrology Internal Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Nephrology ALDH Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) according to the European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG) definition in relation to the number of haemodialysis sessions and the number of chronic haemodialysis patients and to identify its associated factors. Patients and Methods: We conducted an observational, multicentre and looking-forward study of descriptive and analytical purposes over a 4-week period. The study included all patients with regular chronic haemodialysis with at least two sessions per week and a duration of 180 minutes, who consented to participate in the study and were over 15 years of age. Data collection was done with pre-established forms. The following data were collected: blood pressure before each session, at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes of each session;socio-demographic data;dialysis data;clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic data and nursing interventions. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.84 ± 12.10 years. Among 568 haemodialysis sessions recorded in 50 patients, IDH was noted in 12 haemodialysis sessions, representing a prevalence of 2.11%. Fatigue was found in 5 sessions with IDH episodes (41.66%) followed by yawning (25%), nausea ± vomiting (16.66%) and cramps (16.66%). As nursing interventions, Trendelenburg position and normal saline administration were performed in all IDH episodes. High blood pressure, inter-dialytic weight gain greater than 3 kg, Uf/H > 10 ml/kg/H, anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were associated with the occurrence of IDH. Conclusion: The prevalence of IDH according to the EBPG definition is low. However, it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially cardiovascular involvement, and the factors associated with its presence have been clearly identified.

关键词： Intra-Dialytic Hypotension Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Dakar Ziguinchor

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Management of Hypercalcemia in Myeloma at the Nephrology Department of Louis Pasteur Hospital of Chartres: About 8 Cases

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期12卷 403-409页

作者： Modou Ndongo babacar ndiaye Nestor Nankeu Abou Sy Houyem Attia Fatiha Lahouel Djillali Ziane Berroudja Tayeb Bensalem Sid Ali Toufik Benyaghla Catherine Albert Sidy Mohamed Seck El Hadji Fary Ka Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology Dialysis of Louis Pasteur Hospital Chartres France Department of Nephrology Dialysis of Ouakam Military Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Hypercalcemia is the most common metabolic complication in myeloma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management strategy of hypercalcemia in myeloma at the nephrology department of Louis Pasteur hospital of Chartres. Patients and Methods: We carried a retrospective study of patients treated for myeloma-related hypercalcemia between January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutive characteristics were studied. Results: Eight patients were included in this study with a median age of 67 years [41 - 85] and a sex ratio (M/F) of 1. A quarter of patients were known with chronic kidney disease. Four patients (50%) had symptoms of hypercalcemia. Biologically, the mean hemoglobin was 9.8 ± 2.7 g/dl, all patients had an acute kidney injury with a mean creatinine level of 364.1 ± 173.3 mmol/l, a mean serum calcium of 3.42 ± 0.59 mmol/l and three quarter of patients had bone lesions. Five patients (62.5%) were rehydrated with a mean volume of saline of 2700 ± 836.7 ml/24h. Seven patients (87.5%) received biphosphonates and none received diuretics. The mean normalization time of the serum calcium was 5 days. Conclusion: Hypercalcemia is frequent in malignancy and represents a poor prognosis factor of the disease. A well-conducted therapeutic strategy allows rapid normalization.

关键词： Hypercalcemia Myeloma Treatment Malignancy Neoplasia

Numerical Approach of Network Problems in Optimal Mass Transportation

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第5期3卷 457-466页

作者： Lamine ndiaye babacar Mbaye ndiaye Pierre Mendy Diaraf Seck Laboratory of Mathematics of Decision and Numerical Analysis (LMDAN) FASEG University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Unité Mixte Internationale UMMISCO Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Bondy France

In this paper, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of network problems. For an illustration, we consider the urban traffic problems. And our effort is concentrated on the numerical questions to locate the optimal network in a given domain (for example a town). Mainly, our aim is to find the network so as the distance between the population position and the network is minimized. Another problem that we are interested is to give an numerical approach of the Monge and Kantorovitch problems. In the literature, many formulations (see for example [1-4]) have not yet practical applications which deal with the permutation of points. Let us mention interesting numerical works due to E. Oudet begun since at least in 2002. He used genetic algorithms to identify optimal network (see [5]). In this paper we introduce a new reformulation of the problem by introducing permutations . And some examples, based on realistic scenarios, are solved.

关键词： Optimal Mass Transportation Network Urban Traffic Monge-Kantorovich Problem Global Optimization

Outcome after Discharge from Hospital of Children with Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition and Predictors Factors of Non-Response during Outpatient Treatment, in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期13卷 473-483页

作者： Abou Ba Aliou Thiongane babacar Niang Younoussa Keïta Fatou Ly Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo Ousmane ndiaye Pediatric Department of Dalal Jamm National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Institute of Social Pediatrics of Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Albert Royer Children’s National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Pikine National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem. It is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in children aged 6 - 59 months. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of children with complicated severe acute malnutrition after hospital discharge. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from March 1 to November 31, 2021 at the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital. Children discharged from hospital for complicated severe acute malnutrition were included. Results: A total of 103 children were included. The mean age of children at hospitalization was 16.41 ± 10.11 months and mean duration of follow-up after hospital discharge was 29.63 ± 8.59 months. Three children (2.91%) died after hospital discharge. The mean z-score of the weight-for-current height was -1.34 ± 1.08. Almost a quarter (24.27%) of the children remain acute malnourished with 3.88% of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The predictors’ factors associated with non-response were weaning before 2 years of age (ORaj: 12.21;95% CI [6.82 - 18.44];p = 0.04) and tuberculosis (ORaj: 21.06;95% CI [12.54 - 41.09];p = 0.03). Conclusion: The rate of recovery of nutritional status in children with complicated severe acute malnutrition is satisfactory. Ablactation before the age of two and the existence of tuberculosis are significantly associated with non-recovery of nutritional status.

关键词： Children Severe Acute Malnutrition Recovery Non-Response

Assessment of Obstetric Evacuations: Received during the Year 2020 at the Touba Ndamatou Public Health Hospital Establishment

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第6期12卷 528-540页

作者： babacar Biaye Mouhamadou Wade Daba Diop Abdou Karim Diallo Mor ndiaye Alioune Diop Awa ndiaye Mamadou Sene Abdoul Aziz Diouf Mamour Gueye Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The counter-referral system is particularly important for care during pregnancy, childbirth and the post-partum period as it facilitates access to emergency obstetric and neonatal care. It allows people to access care that is not likely to be provided at the base and to manage certain complications arising in emergency settings. We therefore looked at the evaluation of obstetric evacuations from the Touba Ndamatou public health. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of descriptive and analytical type extending over a period of 12 months from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 at the public hospital health establishment (PHHE) of Touba Ndamatou. Results: One thousand five hundred and sixty (1560) patients evacuated for obstetrical reasons were collected out of a total admission of 5560, i.e., a frequency of 28%. The average age of the patients was 25.54 years. The mean gestation was 3.24 pregnancies. The average parity was 3.04 deliveries. Almost all of our patients (99%) were married. Slightly more than one in two women (53.6%) had performed at least 2 or 3 Prenatal consultations. 80% of parturients had traveled a distance of less than 20 km. 623 patients came by their own means (54.6%). Evacuation was provided by an ambulance in 509 patients, i.e., 44.6%. Arterial hypertension and its complications were the frequent reason for evacuations with approximately one in four patients (26.2%). Only 3.6% of patients had qualified personnel on board being evacuated. In our series, 13 deaths were recorded, i.e., 1.1% of cases. The distance traveled seemed not to influence the future of the mother (p = 0.51). The non-accompaniment of the patient during the evacuation by a medical staff seemed to influence the prognosis of the mother (p = 0.031). Fetal morbidity was higher among evacuees not accompanied by medical personnel. The state of apparent death was observed in the majority of cases in patients received over a distance of more than 20 km. Conclusion: Evacuation requires a clear definition of the roles and res

关键词： Evacuation Pregnancy Senegal

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Patients at Pasteur Institute of Dakar in Senegal from 2016 to 2020: Prevalence and Seroprotection Level

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 68-77页

作者： Diop Abdou ndiaye babacar Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye Mahou Chantal Guèye Omar Dubrous Philippe Dubrous Philippe Seck Abdoulaye Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal National Public Health Laboratory Thiès Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Senegal. Vaccination of all children against HBV was introduced in 1999 and included in Expanded Programme on Immunisation in 2005. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and immune status against HBV in patients received at Pasteur Institut in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2020, patients aged between 1 and 96 years received laboratory were included in the study. Serum samples were analysed for HBV serology (HBs antigen: HBsAg, HBs antibody: HBsAb and HBc antibody: HBcAb) using ARCHITECT? analyser. Patients with anti-HBs antibody levels (HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/l) were considered seroprotected against HBV. Results: A total of 5629 patients were analysed with a mean age of 39 years and extremes from 1 to 96 years. The most represented age group was 31 - 45 years with 38.4%. HBsAg was present in 520 patients (9.2%) and was signed by sex and age group. Anti-HBc antibodies were found in 52.7% of patients and 1603 (28.48%) had isolated anti-HBs antibodies reflecting proportion of people vaccinated at the time of the study. However, 2143 patients (41.9%) had no seroprotection (HBsAb 10 IU/L) and 640 (12.6%) had strong seroprotection defined as HBsAb > 1000 IU/L. Conclusion: Our results show a significant presence of virus in Senegalese population and low vaccination coverage, especially in adults. Evaluation of HBsAb levels and provision of HBV booster shots should be considered for children in Senegal.

关键词： HBsAb HBsAg HBV Seroprevalence Seroprotection Vaccination